charlemagne
An epidemic has hit Europe hard, and Germany, which was originally the leader of the European Union, has actually cut off Italy's epidemic prevention materials, and countries have not hesitated to tear their faces. What is the relationship between France, Germany, Italy, and the three countries, and are the three countries originally one? Let's pick up this history of the Three Kingdoms family.
In fact, europe has not formed a unified country in history until now. The Roman Empire was centered on the Mediterranean At its peak, and europe was not all included in the territory, and most of Germany is now not under the rule of the Roman Empire. But they all regarded the Roman Empire as infinite glory and felt that they were the successors of the Roman Empire.
In 476 AD, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the whole of Europe entered the "Dark Middle Ages" for nearly a thousand years, and the entire European countries fought each other and fell apart. One of the small countries produced a cattleman, and he was the Frankish king Charlemagne. Charlemagne was Germanic. Around 800 AD, Charlemagne waged 55 wars against the Lombards, Saracens, Saxons, etc., controlled most of Europe, established the Charlemagne Empire, and was later crowned "Emperor of the Romans". But he, the Roman Emperor, had no half-cent relationship with the Roman Empire. The two countries were not consecutive years old, at this time the Roman Empire had been destroyed for more than 300 years, with different territories and different languages and cultures.
In the winter of 814, Charlemagne died. Before Charlemagne's death, his son Louis the Pious succeeded to the throne.
Middle Francia
In 843, Louis the Pious died of illness, and his three sons, the eldest son Lothair, inherited the title of Holy Roman Emperor and acquired the territory of the central Part of the Frankish Empire, known as the Middle Frankish Kingdom. Lothair's second brother, Ludwig II der Deutsche, nicknamed "Germanic", divided east of the Rhine, known historically as the Kingdom of East Francon; Another of Lothair's younger brothers, Charles, nicknamed "Bald", was divided into the rest of the western region, known historically as the Kingdom of West Francia. Lothair died in 855, and Middle Franks fell into civil unrest. In 870 AD, the two Frankish kingdoms of East and West formally signed a treaty in Morsen, dividing up most of the Middle Frankish kingdom. The small part of the Treaty of Morsen left for the Middle Frankish kingdom became the prototype of modern Italy; The two Frankish kingdoms in the east and west laid the foundations of the First German Empire and the French Kingdom respectively.
This is also the reason why people think that the three countries of France, Germany and Italy are one family. In fact, the unification time of the Charlemagne Empire was very short, although there was also a "Carolingian Renaissance", but there was no cultural unity of Qin Shi Huang's "book with the same text, the same car on the same track", and it fell apart. The races, cultures, and languages of the kingdoms have always existed independently. Even the Charlemagne family's rule over the three kingdoms was short-lived. A new state was formed that had nothing to do with their family.
Let's look first at the middle Frankish kingdom that inherited the orthodoxy. After the death of Lothair I, Middle Frank's sons divided the Middle Frankish Empire into three. The eldest son, Louis II, was given the Kingdom of Italy (now known as Italy, whose territory consisted only of the northern and central parts of the Italian peninsula) and held the title of Emperor. The second son Charles was given the kingdom of Burgundy, while the son Lothair II was given Lorraine. However, the three kingdoms, due to their succession, decided in the Treaty of Morson in 870 that the kingdom of Burgundy would be handed over to Louis II, The Roman Emperor and King of Italy, while Lorraine (kingdom of Lothair) was divided between the kingdoms of East Francia and West Francia. Later, in 888, the Frankish Emperor Charles the Fat was deposed, the Middle Frankish kingdom was divided again, and Italy was re-established as an independent kingdom. Eventually, in 961 the Kingdom of Italy was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, and the Frankish Kingdom was officially destroyed.
The West Frankish kingdom existed from 843 to 987. In 987, Louis V died, and since he had no heirs, Hugo Capet, Duke of Ile-de-France, succeeded him as King of West Francia and established the Capetian dynasty, which was eventually replaced by the Kingdom of France.
The Kingdom of East Francia existed from 843 to 962 AD.
In 911, the monarch died, the East Frankish Empire collapsed, Conrad (reigned 911-918) succeeded him as king, and the German kingdom began. German historians generally regard Conrad's election as king in 911 as the beginning of German history. In 962 Pope John XII crowned Otto I, calling him "Emperor of the Romans", becoming Holy Roman Emperor. We see that the Holy Roman Empire has once again changed the "country".
At this time, the names of the three countries of Italy, France, and Germany were officially born, but the rulers had completely separated from the descendants of Charlemagne's family. With the good development and change, the relationship between these three countries and the Frankish kingdom became more and more distant.
From this point of view, For thousands of years Italy, France, and Germany were not a family in terms of race, language, and writing, and even after a brief unification of the Charlemagne Empire, they did not become a real family.