Due to historical and cultural reasons, there are many ancient towns and villages in the Jiangnan area, and it is even more famous for ancient villages in central Zhejiang. The mountains are not high, the water is not deep, the mountains are beautiful, the mountains and waters are interdependent, the mountains are because of the water spirit, the water is built because of the mountains, and the ancient village that lives by the mountains and the water is famous for the beauty of the mountains and waters. Between the mountains and mountains 10 kilometers away from the county seat of Wuyi, Zhejiang Province, there is an ancient village surrounded by mountains and rivers with pleasant scenery, which is named for its mountain ring like Guo and secluded like a cave, and because of its unique village layout, it is known as the first feng shui village in Jiangnan.
According to the tradition of Chinese villages with surnames, the villagers of this ancient village called Guodong Village are not surnamed Guo, most of them have the surname He. There is neither a guo nor a cave, and the name "guo dong" implies the deep affection of the ancestors for the feng shui management of this village, a village surrounded by mountains and water, which is the most ideal place for ancient villages.
It is said that the ancestor of Guo Dong can be traced back to He Zhizhong, the prime minister of the Song Dynasty. In the third year of Emperor Yuanshun's reign (1337 AD), He descendants built villages in imitation of the treasure map of Xuexian Xiudao "Neijing Map" in Beijing's Baiyun Temple. The city wall was built to form a water outlet, the Huilongqiao was built to gather gas and hide the wind, trees were planted all around the village, residential buildings, passages and ingenious seven-star wells were built, thus forming an excellent living environment of "mountain ring like Guo, secluded like a cave", and therefore has the name of Guo Dong and the reputation of the first feng shui village in Jiangnan.
Entering the entrance of the village, before you see the appearance of the village, the first thing you see is two statues of samurai dressed in military uniforms and holding shields standing on the side of the road.
At the entrance of the village, there is also a double-eaves hexagonal wooden pavilion, with flying cornices and angles, simple and natural, with the three characters "Fengyi Pavilion" written on it. Check the word "Fengyi", which has the meaning of a handsome appearance. Song Ye Shi "Send Liu Dexiu" poem Yun: "Oxin Fengyi Ya, slow down the other party's fight". "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has the historical story of Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu being killed in Fengyi Pavilion because of the conflict between Minchan, leaving behind "Situ Miaojiao to the red dress, no need to fight and no soldiers." Three Battle Tiger Prisoners Laborious, but Kaige played the verse of Phoenix Yi Pavilion". And Guo Dong's "Phoenix Yi Pavilion" is not his "Fengyi Pavilion". The name of the pavilion of Guo Dong's "Phoenix Yi Pavilion" is not carefully examined, but I think of the samurai statue with armor and shield standing on the roadside at the entrance of the village, and I here presumptuously conclude that it should be taken from the self-praise of Guo Dong Ancient Village.
The four characters "The Gate of the East, the Courtyard of the Landscape" are written on the propaganda display board on the wall on both sides of the Fengyi Pavilion. It seems that Guodong Village has positioned itself as the gateway to the East, an ancient courtyard with landscape scenery.
Pavilions are connected, with a long pavilion and a cobbled path leading directly to the stream, and the many ancient Ming and Qing dynasty houses in the ancient village surrounded by mountains and rivers are hidden on the opposite bank of the stream.
An ancient bridge leads directly to the village, along the cobblestone paved ancient road, into the quiet and quaint Guodong Village, mud-walled low houses, powder-walled Dewa, ancient bridges and pavilions, mountains and green streams, ancient trees. The distant mountains are lush and green, and the ancient trees cover the ancient village. Surrounded by nearby streams, the sound of water gurgling, chickens and dogs barking, the sound is in the ears. It is quiet and serene, like a paradise, idyllic, but it is a nostalgic place.
The ancient village has a large area of ancient buildings of the Ming and Qing dynasties, although it is rare to see wealthy deep courtyards, but the village house is complete and well preserved, which can be said to be an architectural chronicle from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Walking in the ancient village, the simple and generous Ming Dynasty pillars, the intricately carved Qing Dynasty ox legs, and the doors and windows of the Republic of China influenced by Western atmosphere abound, and being in it is like a world away.
Walking along the cobblestone road under your feet in Guo Cave, mottled pink walls, dark roof tiles, flying cornices, and long and winding ancient alleys do not know where to go. In order to block the summer storms, the cold winter snap drives straight into the village, and the bluestone alleys are mostly zigzagging. Most of the ancient buildings connected to the ancient alleys are well preserved, especially the He Clan Ancestral Hall and Fan Yu Hall.
The He Ancestral Hall is the most important building in Guo Dong, with complete preservation, carved beams and painted pillars in the ancestral hall, many plaques and links, and the carvings on the ox leg and bird substitute are exquisitely carved, which can be called artistic treasures and also highlight the glory of the He family.
The He Ancestral Hall, built in the 67th year of the Wanli Ming Dynasty (1609), has a total area of 1,200 square meters, with a grand scale and solemn weather. The three pairs of flagpoles in front of the gate can be erected for people who have obtained certain official positions and meritorious names in ancient times, symbolizing the status and glory of the family.
The ancestral hall gate is only opened during major festivals, and usually visitors or visitors enter through the side entrance.
Behind the main entrance, a large "filial piety" character is written on the screen facing it, which clearly declares the filial piety culture adhered to by the family.
The ancestral hall is also built with a simple and elegant ancient theater with upturned cornices. The mural "Tang Emperor Travels to the Moon Palace" on the stage, the subject of the mural is Ye Fashan, a famous Taoist priest of Wuyi nationality, telling Emperor Li Longqi about the situation after Yang Guifei's death in the Moon Palace. This is the place where major events such as weddings in the village are held, and every important festival, the audience is full of people, so it is not lively.
The number of various ancient plaques hanging in the Zhongjin Ancestral Hall is as many as 94 pieces, and the number of plaques can be called the crown of the Chinese ancestral hall, which is also a major feature of the He Ancestral Hall. Most of the ancient plaques in the ancestral hall were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and only five remain, and more than 40 are now reproduced according to historical materials. The ancestral hall is full of ancient plaques, which are dazzling and dizzying. And each plaque records the past glory of the ancestors of the predecessors, and each plaque highlights the glory and achievements that the ancestors have obtained.
The numerous couplets, antique bamboo simplifications and hanging screens in the temple display the rich Guodong culture and famous people's deeds. There are many birthday coffins in the back hall of the ancestral hall, which are an expression of local funeral customs, and the shrine partition door displaying the ancestral tablet is a cultural relic of the Ming Dynasty.
In the exhibition room of the back hall of the ancestral hall, many farm utensils and agricultural tools are also exhibited, as well as some shrine partitions from the Ming Dynasty. These farm utensils and tools are also the basic means of life and production of this agrarian society.
In the courtyard, there is a male Luo Han Pine that is the same age as the temple, which has a beautiful shape and lush foliage, and is known as a rare treasure of ancient trees.
The Wuyi He clan is divided into three branches, He, Shanghe and Liucheng, all of whom are the descendants of He Jin who migrated from Fujian to Longquan, Zhejiang in the fifth dynasty. He Jin's descendants are widely distributed, with Fujian, Zhejiang, Gan and Guangdong the most, and the He clans in various counties and cities in Jinhua are also He Jin's lineage. Wuyi Qingyuan He clan is called Xiahe because of the province Yuanfang and Xiahe store in the east corner of the county seat. The ancestor of Zhaoji I, who first moved to Wu, was Song Zhidi Gonglang, also known as Guozi Dehui, and was the seventh grandson of He Jin. His grandfather Zhixin was a cousin of Emperor Zhengzheng of Song Hui and He Zhizhong, the Prince of Qingyuan Commandery in the sixth year. In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1121), He Ren passed from Longquan via Songyang, Xuanping Buju Wuyi. He Ren moved to Wuyi to multiply, and his descendants, except for a few who lived in the county seat, most of them migrated to the countryside, distributed in forty or fifty villages throughout the county, and some moved to Jinhua. The largest village of the Wuyi Qingyuan He clan is Guodong, with more than 1,900 people.
He Ren was an official for generations, and he was in the shade of He Zhizhong, his family was prominent, and there were literati. His eldest son, Xiao 12 (清名讳), was a Zhongshushe. Sun Zi Mingzhong, Southern Song Dynasty Baoyu (1253) Jin Shi, the official Jixian Hall repaired. Great-grandson Yuan, a junior sergeant, was an official and deputy envoy of the Guangdong Inspectorate. Great-grandson Buddha Zhongyuan was raised. These are the ancestors of the Guo Dong He clan. He Chaozuo, the ancestor of He Chaozuo, successively served as the general judge of Fengyang Zhixian and Dengzhou, He Xuanguan and Bu Zhengdu, He Qiren Linhai Teaching, and He Yuanheng, the prefect of Fengxiang, He Zhiquan, the chief secretary of Shaanxi Hu County, and so on. Such a family was known as "Eastern Zhejiang surname" in the Ming Dynasty, and the natural name Yang Wuyi became a prominent family. These are also the tablets of the ancestors of the past generations enshrined on the shrine of the He ancestral hall, and the text on the walls on both sides gives us a general understanding of the past of the ancestors of the He family.
The ancestor of the Guo Dong He clan was the fifth grandson of He Ren of Wuyi Xiajie, and he was given to Zhongxian Daifu by Ming. He has been traveling to Guodong since he was a child, and he likes the natural scenery of his grandmother's Guodong "heavy mountains and mountains, full of chaos, green eyes, the more strange it is, the more strange it is, the more beautiful it is", and has the idea of "Bu Ju, when he is old and knowledgeable, he asks his father for orders", and after obtaining the consent of his father, who was promoted by the then Yuan official, he moved to Guodong Village before the Yuan Dynasty Zhizheng (1341). At that time, Guo Dong, "the indigenous people here have no less than a dozen surnames, living by the mountains, and the Ding property is not very prosperous." He Shouzhi moved to Guo Dong to "re-propose marriage to the Guo Dong Wu clan, and build a house". After Shouzhi moved to Guodong, the fifth son of the second generation was Shuying, Shuying, Ming Hongwushi, "recommended by Fuyi, summoned to Jingshi with the Ming scripture", and the imperial court "first granted the prefect of Tingzhou in Fujian and then transferred to guard the prefect of Huguang and Changsha." "He Gui's direct dispatch, the official to 2,000 shi, further glorified the Wuyi Qingyuan He clan, and also made Guo Dong famous. Since then, the descendants of the He clan of Guo Dong have adhered to the family style of "only farming and only reading", and paid special attention to education.
Advocating education, sending children to school to seek knowledge and courtesy, and serving the country have become the family style of Qingyuan He, and many talents have been cultivated. According to statistics, Guo Dong Ming and Qing dynasties produced two people, 16 tribute students, 24 Zengsheng and Qiao students, 114 Xiucai in Fuxian County, and more than 100 students. There are 14 famous Confucians and officials who have been included in the Wuyi County Chronicle. A mountain village participated in the compilation of the nine-year county record of Wuyi Jiaqing, He Yuanqi and He Songtao. During the Republican period (1913-1937), 113 people graduated from Wuyi Hushan and Shuxi Primary Schools. According to 1996 statistics, 80% of the male elderly over 60 years old in Guoxia Village could read and read books and newspapers. At present, there are more than 100 college students in the Sun Zhong of the He family of Guo Dong.
Reading the He family tree and history gives us a new understanding of Guo Dong.
"Fanyu Hall" is the best preserved of the many Ming Dynasty buildings in Guodong, it is not only beautifully architected, but also in Guodong Village, Fanyu Hall Eighth Dynasty Shuxiangmen is the most talked about.
Fan Yutang
Fan Yu Hall was built during the Ming Chongzhen period, nearly 400 years ago. The fireproof horse head wall and the patio of the "Four Waters Return to the Church" have the characteristics of Hui-style architecture. The most striking thing about this five-bedroom, four-box and two-story wooden frame hall is its carving, exquisite wood carving, beautiful brick carving, neat brick wall, hollow openwork, full round carving, resurrected relief, as well as realistic landscapes, vivid fish and insects, lively characters, lifelike and artistic masterpieces.
Fan Yutang
And the most commendable thing is that the owner of this house has been studying for generations, and there are several people in the imperial examination high school for generations, and there are many talents, so that Fan Yutang has become the eighth generation of scholars, and after eight generations, there are 40 meritorious people in the descendants of Fan Yutang.
The stars shift, things are and people are not, like a world apart. Today's Fanyu Hall has long faded the aura of history, the former scholarly gate has long been reduced to ordinary houses, the chaotic scene around the house, can no longer see the glory of the past, this scene makes people suddenly sigh "in the old days Wang Xie Tang Qianyan, flying into the homes of ordinary people".
Guodong has a unique topography, two streams meet the village entrance, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and green mountains on the left and right in the distance, echoing the saying of "lion and elephant gate". After the confluence of Shuangxi, it flows along the West Mountain around the village, and a Hui Long Bridge is built across the stream, wrapping the feng shui of this treasure land tightly.
Ancient city gates
Dafan ancient villages have "water mouths", which literally seem to be the place where streams converge, but in fact they are a checkpoint to keep foreign enemies from the village entrance. A stream flowing down from the steep 400-meter-high Dragon Mountain flows under the Huilong Bridge, and outside the bridge there is a 5-meter-high thick castle wall, which a large route passes through. In the old days, villagers entered and exited through the city (wall) gate, which was also the only way to enter and exit the village, which was open and closed day and night. The 5-meter-high ancient city (wall) wall full of green vines isolates the ancient village from the outside world, and the ancient city (wall) wall is densely covered with more than 80 ancient trees planted during the Wanli years of the Ming Dynasty. The plaque above the gate of the ancient city (wall) is "Shuangquan Guli", and the links on the left and right of the city gate are: "The scenery outside Guo is ancient, the sun and the moon in the cave are long", which tells the origin of the name of Guodong Village.
After several generations of efforts, until the Ming Wanli Dynasty, the water mouth was finally built, the city (wall) gate, and the defense system was built from it, which became an important security barrier in Guodong, and after many attacks from other places, it was rejected by the mountain people. The dozens of towering ancient trees inside and outside the wall, as well as the ancient wall, which is still standing, have witnessed the sword light and shadow of the past, and witnessed the fierce and brave and mighty heroic figure of the mountain people's guarding village. In today's era of peace, the ancient wall has long lost its defensive function in the past, but as a historical witness of the ancient village, we feel that Guodong is not only a livable hideaway, but also a solid security fortress.
There is an ancient arch bridge called "Huilong Bridge" at the east end of the city (wall) wall, first built in the Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming and Longqing dynasties, is the oldest ancient building in Guodong, the arch bridge is built according to feng shui, and there is a stone pillar four-square pavilion on the bridge, which is connected to the ancient tower on the Shicang Ridge ten miles away and the North Mountain. Legend has it that the Hui Dragon Bridge was originally called Shihong, and the ancestors warned the clouds: the mountain is the dragon mountain, the stream is the dragon water, the weir water is the bridge, and the dragon returns to the qi. If the bridge is destroyed and the dragon qi dissipates, there will be disaster in the village, and there will be no life. Since then, the bridge has been destroyed, repaired and destroyed. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a stone pillar quadripartite pavilion was built on the top of the arch bridge.
There are pavilions on the bridge, turbulence under the bridge, small bridges flowing water, and ancient pavilions standing, adding a bit of ancient charm to the ancient village. The ancestors built the bridge, the original intention was to lock feng shui, but they inadvertently left a scenery for future generations.
Not far from the bridge is the predecessor of Guodong Primary School, "Fengchi Academy", which was originally a private school called "Xiaozhuzhai". This ancient school once cultivated a large number of talents for Guodong Village, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties alone, it passed the examination of 10 tribute students, 14 Zengguang students, 10 Yushan students, and 114 Xiucai students in Fuxian County. It can be said that it is for the cultivation of talents in Guo Dong and has made great contributions to the country.
Now standing at the head of the bridge, the reading song that has been passed down from generation to generation here still faintly rings in my ears: "One generation of rare books, ten generations without continuation." If you don't read books, your manners and righteousness are thin, even if you have children and grandchildren." The distant reading song, accompanied by the sound of reading aloud, and the sound of the rushing stream under the Huilong Bridge, stretched continuously, and the reverberations spread around the beams and spread for a long time.
"Asa for Tianshero, Twilight Ascend to the Heavenly Son Hall". It is the sound of reading in Langlang and the dream of the ancient village people to study and become a scholar, which inspires generations of peasant children here to walk back to the Dragon Bridge, embark on the road to catch up with the exam, achieve a career, and finally return to the hometown, return to the hometown, and glorify the ancestors.
The years are long, time flies, the ancestors "cultivate and read the heirloom", the dream of studying and joining the family has long been annihilated in the tide of the passage of time, and now among the young people who come out of the ancient village, in addition to the young descendants who go to the city to work, there are also students who are admitted to university and go out of the ancient village. With the vision of raising a family or jumping out of the farm, they walked across the Dragon Bridge and embarked on a road different from the path of their ancestors. They left their old people and children in the village, and it was these old people and children who remained behind who still persevered and watched the quiet and elegant life of the ancient village.
Looking up at the distant mountains, the steep Dragon Mountain, 400 meters east of the Dragon Bridge, is a 100-acre primeval forest surrounded by clouds and mist, which stretches to connect with the thorny and dangerous rock-covered West Mountain. Hundreds of acres of primeval forest, clouds and fog, cicadas noisy birdsong, mountains full of towering trees six or seven hundred years old, including a precious thousand-year-old yew tree, it takes four people to hug it! There is also an 800-year-old bitter oak called the sacred tree by the locals, tall and thick, with winding and bent roots, and it takes four or five people to hug it together, and the TV series "Eight Immortals Across the Sea" was filmed under this tree, so Yongsan is also the best place for tourists to climb the cable victory.
The ancient trees and the primeval forest at the edge of the village not only provide an important green barrier for the ancient village, but also make the ancient village have a primitive natural style and charm.
The preservation of the primeval forest and the existence of green barriers in the ancient village come from the ancestral motto of the ancient village, that is, the ancestors of Guodong in the early years had a strong awareness of environmental protection, and the family rules stipulate: villagers cut a large tree to break one of their arms, those who cut a small tree cut off one of their fingers, those who broke a branch, and plucked one of their nails. It is such strict ethnic rules that make the village no longer subject to the danger of mudslides, so that Guodong has a good ecological environment, and it also makes Guodong an eco-tourism resort.
The ancient trees, bridges, pavilions, roads, stone walls, ancient houses and lush primeval forests of Guodong together create and construct a quiet, peaceful and tranquil ancient village fort, walking here is like being in a paradise.
Such a treasure land of feng shui can't help but remind me of the "Words of Mr. Shang Fu's Mountain Residence" included in the "He Family Genealogy": "Don't dare to hope for fame, don't dare to hope for the completion of the seven-step article... I hope that there is no shortage of wine in the bottle, no smoke in the cupboard, no leakage in the hut, and always fresh cloth. Under the moon, before drinking hops, pick the foothills of the woods and drink the stream. There is no honor and no shame, self-satisfaction, so enough, what hope is there. ”
Yes, if you can be in this paradise and feng shui treasure land surrounded by mountains and rivers and ancient trees, have no worries about food and clothing, have wine and meat, pick chrysanthemums, fish by streams, invite wine to the moon, listen to the waves on moonlit nights, stay away from the hustle and bustle, and live like a life, what can you ask for?