Those who have amazed the knowledge of time, Marshall," Principles of Economics, 2

Read good books together and answer questions about life.

Preface to the first edition of the 1890 edition

Excerpt from the original book:

This principle (the principle of continuity mentioned above) can be applied not only to the moral character of motivation (influenced by this characteristic of the individual in making choices), but also to the efforts and struggles of the people in the pursuit of their goals.

Focusing on the following fact: the activity of the townspeople, which is based on shrewd and long-term calculations, is carried out through effort and talent, and is distinguished to a continuous degree from the activities of ordinary people who have neither motivation nor willpower.

Perception: Still do not understand the "principle", what is the principle.

Here's a very interesting explanation of the "city people". We can see in recruitment, especially in recruitment sales, that the first condition is: the desire for money. If an HR and a sales don't talk about money at the beginning, there's nothing to talk about. Because if the salesman has no desire for money, he will not insist on this tiring, bitter, time-consuming and angry job. For a sale that is not short of money, in general, hr will have doubts about its "whether it can do it". That is, "there is a difference in the degree of continuity".

Whether the same business model is successful, it is also necessary to observe whether its profit model has "continuity".

Normal behavior does not seem to be significantly different from behavior that appears to be abnormal for the time being. By the same token, normal values are not much different from the so-called "present", "market" and "accidental" values. Abnormal values arise only by chance, while normal values are normal consequences in general. However, there is no complete difference between the two. They are united by the degree of continuity. Thinking of the changes that commodities undergo in the process of exchange, what we thought at the time might be normal values was in fact only a temporary manifestation. The so-called normal value from the perspective of the historical situation of the year, if considered from the perspective of the history of the whole century, is really the value that existed at that time. This is caused by the continuity of time, and time is always the cause of every economic conundrum. For nature, time is not divided into long-term cooperation and short-term cooperation, but for some inadvertent reason, the two are interactive, short-term for one problem and long-term for another.

There is no significant difference between working capital and fixed capital, they can be combined.

Feeling: I am particularly envious of those "pigs on the vent", because they have never been blown into the sky, even once.

In the first few years, whoever had shops in the city center could simply lie down and collect money. Now that's a completely different situation. If those shop owners sell their shops before Taobao Double Eleven catches fire, that's fine. Because of the existence of online businesses, it is not certain which fixed assets are good and which current assets are good. But one sentence is more true to me: there doesn't seem to be a significant difference.

Finally read the P3 page, the summary is as follows:

Man himself is very different from the tools he uses. Although the supply and demand formed by human beings through their own efforts and sacrifices have their own characteristics and are different from tangible goods, these are the fruits of human labor. The theory of value of labour and the theory of value of the product are inseparable, and the two seem to be two parts of a whole... Although their appearance is very different, they are all essentially the same. The theory of equality between supply and demand is a theory that runs through the theory of distribution and exchange.

The more expensive the labor force, the lower the cost of the tool, we think in turn, the emergence of the express delivery industry, and the large-scale production of electric vehicles to lead to lower prices (or the level of mass consumption, less investment), the popularity of smart phones, is there an inevitable connection?

Under the influence of Gulno and Tu Neng, I began to pay attention to some problems: whether in the spiritual world or in the material world, our observation of the natural world has a greater relationship with the amount of increase than with the total amount. Especially in the case where the demand for a commodity is a continuous function, in a stable environment, the marginal increase of the commodity corresponds to the increase in the cost of its production. Without the help of mathematical symbols and diagrams, it is not easy to understand this continuity. The use of charts does not require special knowledge, and charts can express the situation of economic life more correctly and clearly than mathematical symbols. ...... In economic matters, the role played by the purely mathematical method is equivalent to that of a part of Janin's thoughts which are quickly, concisely, and correctly recorded for his own later use, and convincing one that the conclusions he drew were drawn under sufficient preconditions.

Insight: After mathematics was integrated into economics, economics changed from "empirical theory" to a relatively rigorous discipline.