Huanjiang Xiang pig feeding management technology
Qin level, etc
With the development of the economy, people's requirements for the quality of pork are getting higher and higher, and the market prospects of specialty pork are increasing. Huanjiang fragrant pig skin thin bone, bright red meat, sweet taste without smell, fat white, delicious and tender meat, crisp and refreshing, fat but not greasy, with the flavor of wild animals, the original pot fragrant pig has the aroma of civet, the fat meat of white cut fragrant pig is refreshing and not greasy, and the lean meat has a fresh and strong wild chicken flavor, and its quality and flavor are more unique. In addition, this pig breed has great prospects for laboratory animals and pet breeding. The feeding and management methods of Huanjiang Xiang pig are introduced as follows.
1. Construction of breeding environment
Huanjiang Xiangxiang pig is small, wild, adaptable, resistant to rough feeding, and has good reproductive performance, and is suitable for growing in special ecological environments such as rocky mountainous areas and forest areas of origin. Its feeding management requirements are not high, and farms below the scale can be raised. Because the adult Huanjiang Xiang pig is wild and active, the fence of the Huanjiang Xiang pig house should be slightly higher than the general pig house, and the enclosure area is 10 square meters, and there is a light transmission and rainproof sports field suitable for the breeding scale.
2. Feeding methods
Farms above designated size and professional farmers adopt captivity; Rural free-range farming adopts semi-stocking methods.
3. Feeding density and environmental control
The piglets cover an area of 0.8 square meters / head, no more than 12 piglets per circle, and the feeding effect of 8~10 heads / circle is the best; The fattening pigs cover an area of 1~1.5 square meters / head, and 5~6 heads per circle is preferred; Breeding pigs cover an area of about 4 square meters. In aquaculture, it is necessary to prevent severe cold in winter and cool down in summer, pay attention to windproof, rainproof and sun protection, the relative humidity should be controlled at 55%~65%, and the ambient temperature should be 15~30 °C; Try to avoid strong sound, light and noise stimuli.
Fourth, the level of feeding diets
Huanjiang fragrant pig is a semi-herbivorous animal, which has the characteristics of tolerance to rough feeding and green feeding, and its requirements for diet level are not strict. The diet is mainly green and roughage, supplemented by concentrate and cooked feeding, the proportion of green feed accounts for 60%~70%, concentrate feed accounts for 15%~20%, roughage accounts for 15%~20%; For feeding, green roughage can be eaten fresh, cooked, or fed after silage fermentation. The nutritional level of each stage is shown in Table 1, vitamins and trace elements are omitted.
Table 1 Nutritional level requirements of pigs at each stage
5. Feed and feeding methods
It mainly comes from local agricultural and sideline products. The green feed is mainly sweet potato vine, plantain taro stem and leaves, cassava leaves, green vegetables, pasture, aquatic wild forage vegetables; The coarse material is mainly rice bran, grain straw, sweet potato, cassava, taro, plantain taro, grass powder, etc.; The concentrate consists of corn, rice, soybean meal, fishmeal, rice bran, grass meal, premix, etc.
1. Traditional feeding methods. Cut the green feed finely, 1~2 cm is appropriate, mix with pre-processed concentrate, cook it in a pot, and finally mix with rice bran to make porridge for feeding, feed 3 meals a day; Can be combined with compound feed.
2. Large-scale breeding feeding method. The original traditional feeding method and the use of the unique diet of the origin area should be maintained as much as possible, and wild green feed, scientific and reasonable mixtures and feed additives should be planted and used to ensure the slaughter rate and carcass lean meat rate. Use compound feed or self-formulated feed, concentrate coarse material is mixed in proportion, plus bone meal, calcium powder and iron, copper, cobalt and other trace elements (or feed additives) as needed, can be dry feeding, wet feeding or dry and wet feeding; Green feed should be chopped to 1~2 cm, free feeding; Water to drink freely. The use of feed and feed additives complies with the provisions of the Guidelines for the Use of Feed for Pig Feeding of Pollution-free Food (NY5032).
6. Management requirements at different stages
1. Breed boars.
(1) Individual selection and breeding requirements. Huanjiang Xiang pig belongs to an early maturing breed, sexual maturity is early, and it is generally bred in this mating way. Boars can be fertilized at the earliest 70 days old, and the breeding boar adaptation period is 4~8 months old, weighing more than 25 kg, among which breeding boars over 6 months old and weighing more than 35 kg are the best. 1 breeding boar can mate 50 breeding sows by natural mating, and the service life is 2~3 years. It is required that the body is uniform and neat, well developed, with a straight back, eyes with spirits, two testicles of uniform size, no cryptorchidism or single testicles, and no hernia. In terms of breeding time, in the summer when the temperature is high, breeding should be carried out in the morning and evening when it is cool; The cold season should be held during periods of high temperatures. The recommended breeding frequency is 3~4 times per week for adult breeding boars over 12 months of age, and 1~3 times per week for breeding boars under 12 months of age.
(2) Breeding period. During the breeding period, the boars in the breeding period have sufficient supply of energy, protein, vitamin A/E, phosphorus in minerals, etc., and the nutrition must be comprehensively balanced to meet their physiological needs, while doing a good job of pen hygiene, keeping dry, well-lit, exercising appropriately, and maintaining middle and upper fat.
2. Fragrant sow.
(1) Early stage of breeding. Breeding should be stocked before pregnancy, mainly green roughage, but according to the individual size of the sows to make appropriate adjustments, too lean or too fat affect reproduction, to maintain 7 ~ 8 fat as well, this period of sow feeding 1 ~ 1.5 kg of concentrate per day, feeding 2 ~ 3 times a day, and provide clean drinking water and enough juicy green feed to maintain the balance of protein, vitamins, minerals, the number of ovulation in estrus, egg quality, ovulation consistency are good.
(2) Pregnancy. The nutritional needs of the first trimester are higher than 10%~20% of the maintenance needs, and the protein should ensure the balance of essential amino acids, and pay attention to the supply of vitamins and trace elements; Sows in the third trimester of pregnancy have higher nutrient levels than in the first trimester. That is, increase the proportion of concentrate in feed by 10%~20%, and increase the number of daily feedings. One week before farrowing, it is necessary to reduce the concentrate by 10%~20%, so as to avoid excessive lactation and protein after delivery, resulting in sow mastitis and piglet diarrhea.
(3) Childbirth. One week before farrowing, prepare the farrowing room for cleaning, thorough disinfection, farrowing equipment and piglet insulation. Do a good job of delivery during delivery. 1 ml of oxytocin injection and 3 ml of lincomycin hydrochloride were injected behind the ear after giving birth to strengthen the postpartum resistance of soons and promote postpartum recovery; Sows only need to be fed a small amount of concentrate or cooked feed on the day of farrowing and 1~3 days after farrowing.
(4) Lactation. Nursing sows should be fed enough protein to ensure that sows can come into heat and ovulate in time after weaning. Feed 1.2~2 kg of concentrate per head every day, the quality of the concentrate should have enough crude protein, ensure the quality of milk, prevent nutritional dilution, feed 3 times a day, and provide sufficient and clean drinking water. The feed formula and feeding amount should be flexibly adjusted according to the individual fat and leanness of the sow. Female sows need a lot of drinking water during this period to ensure adequate milk production. At the same time, enough calcium, phosphorus and trace elements are given to ensure the nutritional needs and prevent osteochondrosis in sows. It is necessary to keep the pig house clean and dry and well ventilated, and clean the manure at any time, pay attention to cold and warmth in winter, and pay attention to heat prevention in summer.
3. Nursing piglets. Do a good job in delivery, feeding colostrum, heat preservation, pressure prevention and food opening, epidemic prevention and other work.
Iron supplementation. Piglets should be given iron supplementation from 3 days postpartum and intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of L-sugar iron-cobalt compound.
Replenishes mineral trace elements. From the 5th day after the piglets are born, place bone meal, salt, charcoal powder, and red clay mixed with iron and copper mixture in the piglet feeding trough and let them lick freely.
Open food. As piglet weight and nutritional needs increase, sow lactation begins to decline 20 days after farrowing. In addition to ensuring the nutritional needs of sows, it is also necessary to train and train piglets to open food early to exercise the digestive organs and digestive functions of piglets and promote gastrointestinal development. Piglets are trained at 15 days of age to feed them
(suckling pig concentrate), give enough drinking water and fine green fodder to eat freely.
Feeding. Piglet feeding should be started at three weeks of age. The milk separation time of piglets is generally 5 weeks old in summer and autumn and 6 weeks old in winter and spring, depending on the specific situation of piglets. Milk-fed piglets are fed 3~4 times according to the feeding day of the finished piglets, and the weight of 60~90 days old reaches 9~15 kg, which can be sold as commercial piglets.
4. Gilt (finishing pigs). The piglet stage is supplied with high-quality diet, mainly concentrate, supplemented by green fodder; The medium and large pig stages are mainly green feed, supplemented by concentrate. Concentrate is limited to feeding, and green fodder is free to eat. The fattening period is 6~12 months, and the weight of fattening pigs is about 50~90 kg. The management method of gilt breeding and feeding is the same as that of fattening pigs, and the feed nutrition needs can be appropriately adjusted according to the breeding requirements, and the gilts are bred for 3~4 months, and the breeding boars are bred for 2~3 months.
7. Epidemic prevention
The prevention and control of epidemic diseases should follow the principle of "prevention first, prevention and treatment combined, prevention more important than cure". In the process of breeding, there should be no disease early prevention, early treatment of disease, strict accordance with epidemic prevention procedures to prevent and control epidemic diseases, and regular injection of various vaccines and insect repellent rodents. The main recommended immunization procedures are as follows:
1. Immunization procedures for commercial substitute farms.
Table 2 Immunization procedures for the introduction of commercial substitute farms
See Table 2 for details.
2. Self-breeding and self-breeding pig farm immunization procedures.
(1) Breeding pig group epidemic prevention. Immunization against foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever and porcine pseudorabies is carried out twice a year. Routine epidemic prevention in spring and autumn of fattening pigs, no immunization 30 days before slaughtering, and 2-month-old fragrant pigs used for product processing are not vaccinated.
(2) Reserve breeding pig epidemic prevention. 20-day-old piglets are first free of swine fever; foot-and-mouth disease at 30 days of age; 45-day-old pig triple seedlings; 60-day-old pig triple seedlings.
(3) Epidemic prevention of first-born sows and first-time young boars. 4 weeks before mating, parvovirus seedlings were immunized twice (interval 21 days), pig JE seedlings once, and porcine triple seedlings once.
(4) Epidemic prevention of farrowing sows and adult boars. Immunization of porcine triple and parvovirus once a year.
Houdesheng adopts a pig The whole black pig is stocked with Tibetan fragrant pig gift box, fresh pork is divided according to the requirements ¥5999 purchased