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With the arrival of winter, the temperature drops and the farmed fish enter the overwintering period. During this period, it is very important to strengthen the management of breeding and do a good job in the prevention and control of fish diseases. Winter fish diseases are affected by low temperatures and occur less frequently, but some bacteria and parasites multiply in large numbers at low temperatures, invading adult fish and fingerlings and causing a large number of deaths.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, water mold</h1>
Water mold disease is also called skin mold disease, white disease. The reason is the damage of the fish body, the scales fall off, the water mold invades, the fish wound is covered with white or gray water mold hyphae, like the old cotton flocculent, the sick fish is restless, the movement is sluggish, the appetite is lost and dies one after another. On microscopic observation, white water mold hyphae can be seen, which affect the feeding of fish and cause death.
symptoms
When the skin of the fish body is damaged, the inner hyphae attach to the damage of the fish body, absorb the nutrients of the fish, and carry out sexual reproduction, so that the lesion expands rapidly, grows out of the fish body, forms a white cotton filament, because the water mold can secrete a large amount of mucus, so that the sick fish is irritable, and finally swim slowly, the appetite is reduced, and the fish body is thin and dead.
When the water temperature is 13 °C ~ 18 °C, the water mold multiplys the strongest, and with the increase of water temperature and the fecundity weakens; when the water temperature exceeds 30 °C, the water mold exists in the form of a water body or soil in the form of a cell, which does not harm fish, and when the water temperature is suitable, the water mold begins to multiply, and then endangers the fish.
Treatment
1, mu rice water fish pond with 1.5 pounds of five times the decoction juice, add water to the whole pool poured.
2, four-thousandths of baking soda and four-tenths of ten thousand salt mixed to wash the sick fish, the time soaking a little longer.
3: Soak the diseased fish with 10 g/l of salt water and a few drops of vinegar for 5 minutes.
4. Potassium permanganate 10~15 mg/l long-term, repeated medicinal bath.
5. Before and after the stocking of fish fingerlings transported by long distance, 2% to 3% of salt water or other disinfectants are disinfected in time.
6. Soak with iodine-containing disinfectant, such as 20mg/L povidone iodine solution, or 2mg/L potassium permanganate mixed with 1% brine to soak the diseased fish for 20 to 30 minutes.
7. Other types of fishery drugs that specialize in the prevention and control of water mold disease are commonly found on the market.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, small melon worm disease (white spot disease).</h1>
The pathogen is caused by a large number of small melon worms invading the skin and gills of the fish. The pathogen reproduces at a temperature of 15-25 ° C, generally in the early winter and late spring of each year, and the larvae of the small melon worm invade the skin and gills of the fish, especially the skin.
The surface and gill flaps of the diseased fish are covered with white dotted insect bodies and sacs, which are visible to the naked eye, so it is also called white spot disease. The mucus at the head, trunk and fins on the surface of the body is significantly increased, mixed with the insect body, it seems to have a film, and there is a clear incidence season for small melon worm disease, and spring and autumn are epidemic seasons in the early southern winter. Ponds with high culture density and poor water quality are prone to occur. Without host specificity, any fish can be invaded and developed.
Sick fish appear to be restless, swam around the edge of the pool in clusters, and constantly rubbed with other objects or jumped out of the water The fish body is emaciated and black, the gills are hyperemic, breathing difficulties, and soon a large number of deaths, the fish gills have small white spot vesicles, take the white spots on the slide, drop a drop of water, and observe the small melon worms with a microscope.
1. It can be treated with formalin, copper sulfate and potassium permanganate.
2, with paprika 1ppm whole pool sprinkled or per acre of rice water depth with dry paprika half a catty, dried ginger 2 two plus water boiled for 30 minutes, diluted after the whole pool sprinkled.
3. Ornamental fish can take advantage of the weakness of the small melon worm's intolerance to high temperature, increase the water temperature to 26 ° C (some say it is above 18 ° C), forcing the small melon worm to detach from the fish body on its own. When equipped with drug treatment, the cure rate can usually reach more than 90%. If treated promptly, the cure rate can reach 100%.
4. Since the small melon worm cannot infect fish living in alkaline waters, the spread of small melon worm disease can be controlled by increasing the pH of the water body.
5. Apply commercially available drugs that kill small melon insects.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, erythroderma</h1>
Bacterial erythroderma, in the cold winter water temperature is too low, the fish body frostbite or fishing caused by fish injury, the most likely to cause the invasion of bacteria and the onset of the disease, sometimes with water mold disease.
After the fish body is infected, it can cause the skin of the fish body to be hyperemic and inflamed, the scales are shed, especially the sides of the fish body and the abdomen are more obvious, sometimes the base of the fin or the entire fin is congested, the end of the fin rots and forms a broom-shaped moth fin, and it is often infected by water mold at the lesion and is secondary to water mold disease. The sick fish has bleeding and inflammation on the side of the abdomen, the scales are shed, the skin is ulcerated, the base of the fish's fins is congested, and the ends of the fins rot and break.
1. External use:
(1) Each cubic meter of water body is sprinkled with chlorine dioxide or dibromohydantoin 0.3 to 0.5 grams plus water in the whole tank for 3 to 5 days. If the condition is severe, the dose is doubled on the first day.
(2) Each mu of water surface is sprinkled with 15 to 20 kg of quicklime pulp in the whole pool, or each cubic meter of water body is sprinkled with bleach powder 2 grams plus water in the whole pool.
(3) When the water quality is more fertile, each mu should be sprinkled with 15 to 20 ml of concentrated glutaraldehyde and water in the whole pool, and used for 3 to 5 days.
(4) When the water quality is thin, each cubic meter of water body is sprinkled with strong chlorine 0.3 to 0.5 grams plus water in the whole pool, and it is used for 3 to 5 days.
(5) Mash the five-fold chinese medicine, dissolve it all with boiling water, and dilute the whole pool with pool water to sprinkle, the dosage is 2-4 grams / cubic meter.
(6) Per mu (water depth of 1 meter) with large green leaves 5 kg plus huanglian 1 kg plus water 3 times decoction juice until the medicinal solution is 20 kg, the whole pool sprinkled.
2. Internal medication:
(1) Per 100 kg of fish body weight, mix 5 to 10 kg of feed with 1 to 2 grams of multivitamins and 2 to 5 grams of norfloxacin, 2 times a day, for 3 to 5 days.
(2) Every 100 kg of fish body weight is fed with 0.5-1 kg of three yellow powder mixed with 5-10 kg of bait, 2 times a day, for 3-5 days.
(3) For every 100 kg of fish body weight, mix 5 to 10 kg of feed with 20 to 30 grams of allicin, 2 times a day, and use for 3 to 5 days.
(4) Add 100 grams of florfenicol powder to 200-300 kg of feed and mix well, 2 times a day for 3-5 days.
(5) Each 100 kg of fish is fed with 20-50 grams of mixed grain with Ding Qingshan (di Ding, Daqingye, garlic powder mixed with pharmaceuticals in a 5:3:2 ratio).
3. Apply commercially available insecticidal and sterilizing drugs.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > iv</h1>
The disease is caused by a large number of intrusive tubeworms invading the skin and gills of fish, which is easy to occur when the water temperature is as low as 8-11 °C, and can still occur in large quantities during the epidemic season from March to May and as high as 20-25 °C. It mainly harms grass carp. To determine whether there is oblique tube worm disease, it should be determined by microscopic examination, such as the death caused by the parasitism of the inclinated tube worm on the gills of the fish, it can be determined that it is intracertradiasis.
Due to the parasitism of the intracula, the fish body is stimulated to secrete a large amount of mucus, so that the surface of the host skin forms a pale or light blue mucus layer, and the tissue is destroyed, affecting the breathing function of the fish. The gill tissue is severely damaged, the sick fish have difficulty breathing, the appetite is reduced, and the emaciation is blackened. It is characterized by the diseased fish lying on its side on the shore or floating on the surface of the water, and it dies soon after. Scraping off the lesion mucus or cutting off the gill filament on a slide, adding a small amount of water under the microscope can observe the cilia movement of the worm body borrowing the abdomen, slowly moving along the gills and skin.
1, with copper sulfate 0.7-1ppm whole tank sprinkled.
2. Sprinkle the whole pool with copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate compound (5:2) to make the pool water 0.7-1ppm concentration.
3. Insecticidal treatment with enemy insects or parasitic drugs.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >5, fish wave bean worm disease (white cloud disease).</h1>
Fish wave bean worm disease, also known as oral filariasis, white cloud disease. The pathogen is the fish bodoupes parasitize the gills and skin of the fish, the skin is shaped by a layer of gray-white mucus, so it is also called white cloud disease, the dying sick fish often float on the surface, the first 1-2 days a small number of fish die, 3-4 days after a large number of deaths. Young age is the most sensitive. The popular seasons are late winter and spring.
When a large number of fish are parasitic on the skin of fish, careful observation with the naked eye can identify small spots, forming a layer of blue-gray mucus on the skin, and the epidermal cells penetrated by the fish wave bean worm are necrotic, which is easy to infect bacteria and water mold, causing ulcers. Infected gill pieces of epithelial cells necrosis and shedding, so that the gill organs lose their normal function, breathing difficulties. The sick fish loses appetite, swims slowly, folds its fins, is severely obstructed in breathing, floats on the surface of the water, and soon dies. When a large number of fish bodily beans parasitize in the fish scale sac, it can also cause vertical scale symptoms (but not scaly disease).
1, mu of rice water depth with 0.7-1ppm copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2), the whole pool sprinkled.
2. Soak the diseased fish with 2.5% table salt (sodium chloride) or 1/200 formalin solution for 10 to 15 minutes to kill the parasite.
3. For the prevention and treatment of goldfish and fish bodoupes disease, it can be soaked in 2% concentration of salt water for 5 to 15 minutes, or with a 20ppm concentration of potassium permanganate solution, soaked for 20 to 30 minutes at water temperature of 10 to 20 °C; Soak at water temperature of 20~25°C for 15~20 minutes; When the water temperature is above 25 ° C, soak for 10 to 15 minutes.
4, 1 meter water depth per acre, with avermectin 15 ~ 20 grams of the whole pool sprinkled.
5. In the onset season, soak 15 kg of neem leaves every 500 cubic meters of water, change once every 7 to 10 days, and 3 to 4 times.
6. Apply commercially available drugs that specialize in killing fish and beans.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > vi. myxosporidiosis</h1>
The disease is caused by myxosporidium parasitizing the skin, gills, intestines and nervous system of fish. The site of fish disease has sacs, gray-white dots and nodules, and the common myxospores are cake-shaped iodosporus, wild carp sulfonosporus, crucian iodosporus, silver iodosporus and so on. Spores reproduce at night, so medication is best given around 5 p.m.
Sick fish are emaciated, black in color, solitary or restless and swimming wildly, and are extremely harmful to the species between October of the first year and February of the following year. The parasitic sites are: gills, skin, fins, brain, gallbladder, spleen, kidney, muscle, bladder, and swim bladder. Other organs such as the ureter, nasal cavity, and reproductive glands can also be invaded. It is generally more harmful to the species that parasitize the gills, intestines, body surface and nervous system.
1, 90% crystalline insects (or mixed with copper sulfate) per acre of water depth fish pond with 1 kg of whole pond sprinkled, 3-4 days apart, splash again.
2. The weight of each 10,000 fingerlings or 100 catties of fish is fed with 75 grams of edible sulfur powder mixture for one week.
3. Add 10 grams of 90% crystalline enemy worms per kilogram of feed to feed fish, which can treat intestinal parasitic myxosporids. This rule of law refers to ringworm disease is also effective.
4. Spore worms have a development time of 5 days to 7 days from eggs to adults, and the preventive medication must be greater than 3 days, and the treatment time must be greater than 7 days to prevent recurrence.
5. Apply commercially available drugs that kill myxosporidium.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > seven, vertical scale disease</h1>
Vertical scaly disease is also known as scaly disease, root scale disease, pine bulb disease and so on. It is a common disease of crucian carp, carp, goldfish, grass carp, silver carp and tropical fish. When the water is dirty and the fish body is injured, it is infected by the skin. Some of the scales of the diseased fish are opened outwards, erect, like pine balls, and have symptoms such as rotten fins, congestion at the base of the fins, and enlargement of the abdomen.
Sick fish swim alone, swim slowly, have difficulty breathing in severe cases, lose their response to the outside world, and float on the surface. In the early stages of the disease, the fish body is blackened, the surface of the body is rough, the scales on the front of the fish body are erected, and the translucent liquid is accumulated in the scale sac. In severe cases, the scales of the whole body are erected, and there is exudate in the scale sac, and when the scales are gently pressed with the fingers, the exudate fluid is sprayed out from under the scales, and the scales also fall off; sometimes accompanied by congestion at the base of the fin, there is a translucent liquid between the fin membranes, and the liquid is slightly pressed in the direction parallel to the fin, and the liquid and spray out; the eyeball is protruding, the abdomen is enlarged, the sick fish is anemia, the color of the gills, liver, spleen, and kidneys is faded, and the inner surface of the gill cover is congested. Skin, gills, liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestinal tissues all occur to varying degrees.
According to its symptoms such as scale erection, protrusion of the eyeball, enlargement of the abdomen, ascites, fluid in the scale sac, light pressure on the scales can eject exudate fluid, and preliminary judgment can be made. On microscopic examination of exudate in the scale sac, a further diagnosis can be made if a large number of Gram-negative breve bacilli are seen (not necessarily squamous disease).
Difference between parasitism and vertical scale disease: When a large number of fish wave bean worms parasitize in the fish scale sac, it can also cause vertical scale symptoms. The difference can be made by examining the exudate in the scale sac with a microscope for the presence of fish bodonites.
Prevention and control methods
1, every 50 kg of water add 250 g of mashed garlic to soak the diseased fish several times.
2: Soak with 2% salt and 3% baking soda mixture for 5 to 8 minutes.
3. Soak the diseased fish with 3% to 5% salt water for 10 to 15 minutes.
4. Copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, bleach powder mixture. Each cubic meter of water body with 5 grams of copper sulfate, 2 grams of ferrous sulfate, 10 grams of bleaching powder, soak the sick fish for about 8 minutes. It can also be used 1 g of copper sulfate, 0.5 g of ferrous sulfate, 2 g of bleach powder per cubic meter of water, sprinkled in the whole pool, once every other day, and used 2 to 3 times.
5. Sprinkle lime water. During the onset season, the whole pool is sprinkled with quicklime aqueous solution 1 to 2 times a month, so that the PH value of the pool water is maintained at about 8.
6. Apply Chinese herbal medicine. With the extract of Chinese herbal bitter ginseng or mugwort leaves, soak the diseased fish for 20 minutes, once a day, 4 to 5 times in a row. You can also use 2500 grams of bitter ginseng or mugwort leaves per acre of water surface, mix the juice 3 times in water, sprinkle the whole pool once a day, and use it for 3 to 5 days.
7. Erythromycin water. Per square meter of water body with animal erythromycin 0.3 grams of whole pool sprinkled, once a day, for 3 to 5 days.
8. Injection. Broodstock can be injected intraperitoneally or intramuscularly into streptomycin sulfate in a volume of 200,000 units per kilogram of fish. Or intramuscular injection of sulfadiazole sodium solution 2 ml (content 0.4 g).
9. Apply commercially available drugs for the treatment of erectile scale disease.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > eight or three golden algae poisoning</h1>
Trichophyllum algae, belongs to the phylum golden algae, golden algae, goldenrod, plant body with three flagella, the middle one is shorter, for single-celled algae, cells are oval, ovate, spherical, etc., easy to deform, pigmented body two, plate-shaped, lateral, telescopic bubble 1, assimilation product white sugar is a large spherical or small shape, located in the posterior end of the cell. When goldenrods reproduce in large quantities, their metabolites contain a fish toxin that can poison fish to death.
Fish poisoning caused by the toxin of golden algae is a kind of paralytic poisoning, the initial fish are restless, the breathing rate is accelerated, the swimming is rapid, the direction is uncertain; after a short period of time, it gradually calms down, the poisoned fish is slow to respond, the gills secrete a large amount of mucus, the fin base is congested, the color of the back of the fish body becomes lighter, the breathing is slow, the fish concentrate on the leeward shallow water of the pond, the arrangement is irregular, and the disturbance can swim to the deep water more quickly, and soon return to the pool; with the prolongation of the poisoning time, the fish fill the four corners of the fish pond and the edge of the shallow pool, Most of the heads are facing the shore, neatly arranged, stationary under the water, not floating, and there is no reaction to being disturbed.
Since the pectoral fin, the fish body is paralyzed and stiff, the tail fin and dorsal fin can not swing, only the pectoral fin can still move slowly, but the fish body can not move forward, breathing is extremely difficult and weak, the gill cover, around the orbit, the jaw and the body surface are congested, but there are also body surfaces that are not congested, and finally lose balance and die. After some fish die, the gill lid opens, and the time of death of the fish shortens as the water temperature rises.
1, the whole pool sprinkled ammonium sulfate 8 kg / mu and urea 4 kg / mu in combination, so that the ammonia ions in the water up to 0.06 ~ 0.10 mg, to kill the three-haired golden algae, the next day the microscopic examination to see whether the three-haired golden algae is dead, if some of the three-haired golden algae is not dead, and then add 3 to 4 kg / mu, the third day pay attention to the detection of water quality prevention and control of ammonia ions exceeding 0.06 ~ 0.10 mg. When sprinkling ammonium sulfate and urea, it should be noted that it is appropriate to sprinkle less in the place where the fish slips to prevent fish poisoning and death.
2. If it is found that there are just symptoms of golden algae poisoning, the fish can be transferred to the fertilizer pond where the disease is not sick, and the poisoning symptoms of the fish can be alleviated and the loss can be reduced. Or immediately inject water from a river with fatter water quality or fertilizer from a adjacent pond, and symptoms of poisoning can be alleviated after water injection. To cure completely, it is necessary to continue to change the water in large quantities, and then re-cultivate the water.
3. Apply commercially available drugs for the treatment of trichonus poisoning disease.
It can be seen from the above-mentioned occurrence of fish diseases in winter and spring that some fish diseases are mostly caused by injuries during fish pond fishing, so it is a key part to be careful to prevent fish injuries. Fish disease treatment is good or not, the key is whether the right medicine, such as the right medicine after the fish disease is not cured, then it is necessary to find new drugs, because the fish body will produce drug resistance after drug treatment, the original effective drug for the treatment of a certain disease, after many uses, has lost the therapeutic effect.
When using drugs, we should pay attention to the performance and use of drugs, such as when treating fish diseases with copper sulfate, the water temperature of dissolved copper sulfate should not exceed 60 ° C, which will affect the efficacy of the drug. At the same time, 2-3 days after use, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the lack of oxygen in the fish pond causes dead fish in the pond, and it is necessary to take flushing or oxygenation. Fish disease medication should be timely, accurate and appropriate to achieve good treatment effects.
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