1. The Fourfold Root of the Law of Sufficient Reason (Hardcover)
My early philosophical treatise, which first came out in 1813 to obtain a doctorate, later became the basis of my entire system.
Those who want to gain a solid basis and a clear insight through the basic principles of philosophical study will gain a little content from this little book in order to be able to learn something essential, solid, and true: I hope that this will be the problem.
- Schopenhauer
Schopenhauer believed that the ordinary world had four types of objects, namely:
Realistic objects;
concepts and judgments resulting from the combination of these concepts;
Time and space;
Human behavior is constituted, they are all appearances.
The law of sufficient reason means that everything has its own reason or explanation as it is.
According to this, the existence of the four types of objects in the ordinary world has its basis or reason, that is, there are four necessary connections, each of which constitutes a root of the law of sufficient reason, and thus the law of sufficient reason has a fourfold root.
Man's action motivation is the fourth form of the law of sufficient reason, and man's behavior must be motivated and explained from his motives, which leads to his famous work "The World as Will and Appearance".
The first reason is as unthinkable as the end of space or the beginning of time.
For every cause is a change, and it necessarily compels us to pursue the previous change that caused it, and so on, so infinitely, infinitely! Even the first state of matter, from which all subsequent states perpetuate, becomes inconceivable since it is no longer the first state. For if this first state itself was the cause of the later states, then these later states must have existed equally eternally, and the state of reality that exists in the present cannot arise only now.
We are being driven on top of this step by step, higher and higher, without end, without end!
2. Fun masters
It can be said without reservation that this is a unique record of the times.
The photographer is a "playful" academic master. He took more than 10,000 photos in his lifetime, and if there was a Weibo or circle of friends at that time, I believe many people would be swiped by him.
He is: Zhao Yuanren.
Mr. Zhao Yuanren, one of the four great tutors of the old Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies, is the father of modern linguistics in China, and the first person for Chinese scholars to make full use of the Chinese in the study of modern linguistics theory and achieve a worldwide reputation. At the same time, he is also a pioneer and master of modern Chinese music, and his musical works have creatively integrated Chinese traditional and modern music, and have been handed down to this day, becoming a classic textbook in Chinese music academies. Zhao Yuanren was a polymath, both a mathematician and a physicist, and a pioneer in promoting China's scientific progress in modern times.
Zhao Yuanren's life, deeply with the times of the common destiny: in the early years to go to the United States to stay in the United States, return to enthusiastically Chinese movement, teaching in Tsinghua Garden, studying in the Academia Sinica; Investigate the dialects, visit the land of China, war, displacement and migration overseas, and eventually become the Jinliang figure of Chinese and Western academic culture.
What is even more rare is that Mr. Zhao Yuanren has left a precious record for himself and his descendants in a special way - he is a selfie master, and he has retained more than 10,000 video materials for nearly a century in the form of photographs. On the one hand, these photos record the life of Mr. Zhao Yuanren's education, and on the other hand, they also leave a vivid visual record for China and the world at that time.
In the past hundred years, the brilliant portrait of the modern scholar, under his lens and in his photo album, seems to be in front of his eyes, within reach.
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3. Trail in the woods: about mushrooms and sadness
How do we heal ourselves in the face of the death of our loved ones?
Tomorrow after the tragedy, how do we define ourselves?
What can mushrooms have to do with healing sadness?
Anthropologist Long Litt Wood answers this question in a way that is both profound and lighthearted.
It's a story about a journey that begins with the author's moment of collapse in the face of his lover's death without preparation.
Immersed in grief, Wood inadvertently discovers the wonderful mushroom world among the woods.
She regained her joy in her solo search for mushrooms, merging with nature. She began to explore, learn, and become a Norwegian certified mushroom expert, while gradually moving out of her grief and redefining the meaning of life.
Wood has an incredible insight into fungi and the outdoor world, and the book contains knowledge about the diversity of mushrooms, food culture, and existing myths, as well as the difficulties and frustrations that people may experience when healing themselves after the death of a loved one...
4. Critique of Pure Reason
Kant is one of the most important and far-reaching philosophers in the West, which has fundamental significance for modern Western thought, and completed a "Copernican revolution" in human thought with critical philosophy.
Kant's philosophical achievements are concentrated in the "Three Great Critiques", and the Critique of Pure Reason, as the "First Critique", is the core of Kant's philosophy.
The Critique of Pure Reason explores the universal cognitive ability of human beings, which not only continues the ancient and modern, but also transcends the estrangement of civilizations and is highly valued in many parts of the world. It has at least 10 English translations and at least 12 Japanese translations. Such a large number of translations reflect the spirit of scholars from all over the world to trace the source of living water of great philosophers.
The Critique of Pure Reason is undoubtedly a classic, often translated, and each retranslation is a new interpretation of Kant's philosophy. In 1931, Mr. Hu Renyuan took the lead in publishing the first Chinese translation of the Critique of Pure Reason at the Commercial Press, and in the middle of the 20th century, Mr. Lan Gongwu's translation came out. The translations of the two gentlemen influenced generations of scholars. Since then, famous scholars such as Mou Zongsan, Wei Zhuomin, Deng Xiaomang, Li Qiuzhi, and Wang Jiuxing have successively launched new translations, which have played a major role in promoting the study of Kant's philosophy in the field of Chinese studies.
The latest translation of the Critique of Pure Reason was translated by Professor Han Linhe of the Institute of Foreign Philosophy and Department of Philosophy at Peking University. Professor Han Linhe is a well-known analytical philosopher and expert on Wittgenstein in mainland China, and has presided over the translation of the 8-volume Wittgenstein Collection. At the same time, he also has profound research in the field of metaphysics, and in recent years has focused on the study of Kant's philosophy.
Professor Han Linhe is based on the second edition ("B") revised by Kant himself in 1787, supplemented by the first edition of 1781 ("A"), which is a translation of the original edition of the Critique of Pure Reason. During the revision process, the Academy of Sciences edition, edited by Benno Erdmann, and the Philosophical Book Series edited by Raymund Schmidt were further selected as the main "proofreadings", and the full text was comprehensively and meticulously edited with reference to other German and English translations.
5. Husserl phenomenology
With a clear framework, Zahavi expounded Husserl's ideas of early intentionality, intermediate a priori phenomenology, and late temporality and the living world, starting from Husserl's philosophy as a whole, grasping Husserl's philosophical center at various stages, and expounding the continuity therein, analyzing the ideological relationship between Husserl and German classical philosophy and late phenomenologists.
Reading this book, we can see Husserl's inheritance of German classical philosophy, its similarities with Frege, and its inspiration for the ideas of philosophers such as Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty.
6. Field Manual of Chinese Birds (Ma Jingneng New Edition) (Volume 1 and 2)
Mr. Ma Jingneng edited and influenced a generation of Chinese birdwatchers' classic tool book "Chinese Bird Field Manual" more than 20 years later, adding more details that are easy for beginners to use.
The content is more comprehensive: the book includes 1484 species of birds + 21 supplementary birds, 1484 new distribution maps, 1448 QR codes, 2845 hand-drawn pictures of bird species, and 2831 major identification feature marks. The map is accurate to the provincial administrative regions and contains information about the distribution of neighboring countries. All bird species are equipped with standardized Hanyu Pinyin, providing the latest protection level information.
More convenient to use: the whole book is split into two volumes, the upper volume is a plate, only 360 pages, thin and portable, a new color plate directory, more suitable for bird watching beginners to use and query. The next volume is a text version, 488 pages, including detailed identification characteristics, sounds, distribution and habit descriptions, more convenient and picture comparison, improve bird species identification ability.
7. Monsters of the Gods: Man-eating animals in the jungle of history and ideas
When human-beast conflict is unavoidable
When there are no beasts wandering in the wilderness
How do we regain our first fear of nature?
If a lion strides through the forest without an audience, is it still the king here? The footprints said, yes.
The word "lion" carries the power of the king.
Richard I of England is known as the "lionhearted" rather than the bearheart. The majesty of the characters is like a lionized, not a tiger.
When the early kings of India presided over justice, they were to sit on a throne called sinhasana. Sinhasana also means lion.
In the United States, the Puma concolor is called a "mountainlion," but it's nothing more than a flattering analogy of a fox-fake tiger.
Most people would think of the lion as an African sight that embodies the noble essence of East African savannas, scrublands, or the sparsely forested grasslands of southern Africa—typically constituting the seriousness of being eaten or eaten.
The author puts a professional eye on the wilderness that has rapidly disappeared due to human expansion, to trace the stories and culture of large predators, in order to re-examine the horrors we retain about man-eating animals, reflect on the relationship between humans and wildlife, and call for the current dismal situation of top predators.
8. Inspiration Five Lectures
Inspirational notes of the literary master Wang Dingjun over the past forty years
Famous writers Wang Anyi, Zhang Wei, Chen Jiangong, Su Tong and Ge Fei
Famous literary critics Chen Pingyuan, Huang Ziping and Chen Xiaoming jointly recommended
Sow the seeds of love for those who aspire to literature
The so-called inspiration is a sudden awakening, but also a creative view, which requires a deep understanding of human nature, a wide acceptance of all forms, and an affectionate commitment to life.
This book is Mr. Wang Dingjun's inspirational handwriting for 40 years, slow forging idle words, containing rich philosophical ideas; A stroke of the hand, full of the revelation of life.
From the five aspects of archetype, imitation, structure, metaphor and sentence construction, we explore the essence of inspiration, accompanied by interview texts of Han Baode and others, giving people a new perspective of the world and life with spiritual words, and sowing the seeds of love for those who are interested in literature.
9. My English Life: From Tsinghua to Peking University
Mr. Li (Fu Ning) is highly knowledgeable and has long been evaluated. In terms of language, he knew modern German, French and ancient Greek and Latin in addition to English; In terms of literature, he is proficient in Western literary criticism and the history of English and French literature; As far as the skill of using language is concerned, he is both good at writing and good at translation. If the wording is not too elegant, we might as well say that he has learned from both Chinese and Western times and embroidered his mouth.
——Wang Zongyan (Famous Linguist, Foreign Language Educator)
Its people are also bright and beautiful, and its learning is also high mountains and rivers.
——Wang Zuoliang (poet and translator)
Mr. Mister's language is concise and fluent, his tone is gentle, and there is no deliberate depression, but he is full of elegance in the plainness. My classmates and I were deeply moved. It turns out that good learning can be so simple.
——Li Zhaoxing (diplomat)
Li Funing (1917-2004) was a master of Western languages and literatures, a great figure in teaching English in China, and a professor at Peking University. Together with Wang Zuoliang, Xu Guozhang, Yang Zhouhan and other famous artists, it has influenced generations of foreign language students in China.
With a simple and moving writing, Mr. Li recounted his life experience of studying and teaching in many top universities in China and abroad in the 20th century, presented the development picture of China's higher English education in the past century, and let us feel the wind and perseverance of a generation of scholars, and the cultivation and inheritance of academic spirit.
10. Why humans run: Those animals taught me how to run and live
Combining human running with the wonders of evolution
Tell the wonders of movement in naturalism
I also believe that animals can teach us more about running.
After all, they started running millions of years ago, and there were no humans on Earth at that time.
- Why Humans Run: What Those Animals Taught Me to Run and How to Live
I love running in the countryside.
Climbing up a small hill, two fawns in the distance were whispering, "Look, what is this guy doing?" ”
Running on the mountain trails, I felt like a happy little hamster.
—Robin Williams, movie star
"Why Do Humans Run" can be opened in many ways, and it can be used as a practical training manual on running, as a beautiful work of natural literature, or as a naturalist's growth history. Whichever way you read it, Heinrich's work is stunning.
11. Creating the Modern World: The British Enlightenment Hooks Up
How to understand human nature, education, progress and the pursuit of wealth?
How did Britain become the true home of "modernity"?
Wolfson History Award-winning book
Roy Porter's fascinating book explores the lesser-touched topic of the British Enlightenment and illuminates how ideas from Britain brought the modern world into its roots here.
It is also a who's Who of the 18th and 19th century British thinkers, commenting on the ideas of dozens of British thinkers including Newton, Locke, Adam Smith, David Hume, Popper, Mandeville, Erasmus Darwin, Priestley, Bentham, William Godwin, Joseph Addison, Steele, Defoe, and Stern.
The book was a huge response after its publication and was important for understanding Britain's long-neglected role in the production and dissemination of Enlightenment culture and ideas.
12. Shamanism, Colonialism and Savages: A Study of Fear and Healing
One of the masterpieces of anthropologist Michael Tausig
A study of colonialism and the classics of the South American Indians
First published in China
This book is a classic of ethnographic research in South American anthropology, and its research perspective and writing method have important reference significance.
This book focuses on the "fear" that colonialism brought to Colombian Indian society and the "healing" behavior of local Indians using shamanism.
The author points out from a large number of documents and his own fieldwork that the two cultural forces of colonialism and shamanism are neither completely opposed, nor are one side completely assimilating the other, but have co-created in the "dead space" created by colonial terror, forming a force that still brings order and chaos to these areas.
13. Kant on human dignity
Over the past half-century, human dignity has been used more and more widely as a basis for human rights arguments.
It is generally believed that this notion of "proving human rights in dignity" derives from Kant's moral philosophy, which argues that human beings as rational beings have an intrinsic value, that is, dignity.
However, the authors of this book note that contemporary scholars often understand dignity as a special attribute of value. Through an etymological examination, the author summarizes three paradigms of historical thinking and the use of the concept of "dignity", namely the aristocratic paradigm, the traditional paradigm and the contemporary paradigm...
14. The transformation of Western Rome
In the western history of the late Roman Empire, barbarians and churches were not the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire, as Gibbon put it.
The authors even argue that an important feature of late antiquity was not the fall of Rome, or the "end of civilization," but a fundamental social transformation. Peter Brown, a founding figure in the discipline of late antiquity, described the book as a "groundbreaking" masterpiece.
What should we think of Gibbon's account in The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and the historical interpretation of his followers? Many of Gibbon's detailed observations proved to be valid, but his use of religion and barbarism to explain the collapse of the Western Roman Empire was difficult to stand. As this book demonstrates, the barbarians are hardly responsible for the demise of Rome—although failure to deal well with the barbarian problem is politically disastrous. Although Gibbon rightly pointed out that the church was the key to historical change from the early 4th century to the early 7th century, the demise of the Western Empire could not be blamed on religion either.
In other words, the triumph of Christianity, especially the victory of the church, rather than the fall of Rome or the arrival of the barbarians, was the main historical feature of the 4th-7th centuries.
This book is a cutting-edge study of the history of late antiquity (4th-6th centuries). The author, Ian Wood, judges the representative views on the gradual decline of Western Rome in the late ancient period one by one, and clearly presents his own explanation.
The book provides a detailed analysis of the impact of the rise of the church on human resources, political structure, cultural life, and especially on the land economy. In particular, a systematic quantitative analysis of the social influence of Christianity was carried out, and methodological innovations were practiced. In addition, the author also sorts out and predicts the academic history of early medieval studies in Europe and the future direction of research in this field.
15. Anatolian Warriors: A Brief History of the Hittites
A reliable reading of Hittite history and civilization, a journey through time and space through the ancient culture of Turkey.
The lifelong research results of internationally renowned Hittite scholars break through the traditional narrative framework and reproduce the Hittite civilization in 25 thematic areas.
The Hittite civilization or the ancient Anatolian civilization (i.e., Hittite) is obviously a niche discipline in the international community, and it can be completely classified as "extinction" in China, and few people have heard of it.
But the author of A Brief History of the Hittites explicitly stated that the book was intended for "academic and general readers."
Anywhere in Ankara, Turkey today, you will find traces of the Hittites.
The Hittite civilization covered an era spanning 500 years, i.e. from the 17th century BC to the early 12th century BC. In modern archaeological terms, Hittite history began at the end of the Middle Bronze Age and continued until the end of the Late Bronze Age.
What about "Anatolia"? In fact, the term derives from the Greek anatole, "rising". It was used to refer to the place where the Greeks saw as "(the sun) rising".
16. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Damaged Identities (Revised Translation)
"Stigma" became a central concept in the social sciences thanks to Goffman.
In this book, Goffman defines stigma as a certain "humiliating trait" that an individual possesses in relationships that gives his owner a "damaged identity."
The author analyzes the self-feelings of the stigmatized and the subtle interactions between them and the "ordinary people", focusing on the various techniques of the stigmatized people to carry out "information control" in interpersonal interactions.
17. The Living World of the Northern Dynasty Villagers: The Imperial Court, Prefectures, Counties, and Villages (Revised Edition)
With regard to the countryside, it was a forgotten world, even if the people there were in the majority.
"Pastoral" is only the sustenance of the literati, especially the frustrated literati, to express their mood and pursuit, the focus of the performance is the poet's personal feelings, rather than the detailed depiction of the real scene of rural life, it is difficult to find the accurate picture of the countryside.
During the Chinese Empire, the number of villagers was illiterate, and their daily conditions and livelihoods were usually not valued by scholars, so they were rarely recorded. Officials and scholars who are concerned with "people's grievances" are limited to general talk, and do not portray the reality of rural life.
——Xiao Gongquan
18. Historiography of the Scientific Revolution
"A near-new nature".
This book is the only historiography of the scientific revolution, and upon its publication established its status as a classic and authoritative.
Like an encyclopedia, it systematically examines some 60 views of historians of science since the 19th century on the nature and causes of the scientific revolution, and gives its own views on its characteristics and shortcomings.
This book deals not only with how to explain and view the scientific achievements of Galileo, Kepler, Newton, and others, but also about the philosophical, religious, and social soils in which scientific revolutions are rooted, how they forever changed the way we understand the natural world, and why they occurred in Western Europe in the 17th century and not in ancient Greece, China, and the Islamic world, thus greatly contributing to our understanding of the ideological, social, and cultural origins of modern science.
This book is a must-read for researchers of the scientific revolution and for readers concerned about the rise of the modern world.
19. Independence and Affiliation: The Spiritual History of the New Women of the Republic of China
Read the life course and spiritual life of famous women in modern times, and look back at the independence and belonging of modern Chinese individuals and their spirits.
The fate of "new women" is an important microcosm of China's modernization process, and their spiritual pursuits and their internal difficulties can most truly reflect the tension and lack in the process of reshaping China's modern personality.
This book takes "leaving home" as the starting point for the life and spiritual history of new women; Leaving home opens the way for them to pursue independence, but also makes the problem of "belonging" always visible.
The tension between independence and belonging is fully reflected in the subsequent historical links of "student tide", "love", "revolution" and "material". In this process, we can also feel the subjective tendency inherent in modern personality and the complex socio-historical situations in which it can be formed. As two typical choices, "revolution" and "material" show a certain realistic way out for the new female group, but also make the structure of "independence and belonging" move to the "one end" in a new way.
20. The relationship between the central government and the earth - vitality in order
A book that unravels the thousand-year-old contradiction between centralization and decentralization in the relationship between the central government and the land!
When China overthrew the imperial system and moved toward the republican era, it found that when dealing with the relationship between the central government and the land, it was still necessary to solve the contradiction between centralization and decentralization.
The relationship between the central government and the local government includes intergovernmental administrative relations and intergovernmental financial relations, the former mainly based on personnel power, and the latter includes three parts: intergovernmental power, financial power and transfer payment.
Under the conditions of market economy, the central government must give local governments greater autonomy to stimulate local governments. However, excessive decentralization will lead to excessive competition among local governments, hinder the formation of a unified market, and weaken the authority of the central government.
Therefore, centralization and decentralization have their own advantages and disadvantages, and their pros and cons analysis have led to a large number of studies in the academic community.
This book continues the thinking of the late Ming Dynasty thinker Gu Yanwu's "On Counties and Counties", trying to use modern social science theories to penetrate the fog of history and answer the following three important questions:
First, under China's special national conditions, what is the theoretical basis for the construction of central-local relations?
Second, since the reform and opening up, what is the logic of the evolution of the relationship between the central government and the local government?
Third, why is it said that the centralization of power in the relationship between the central government and the land is a reasonable design to achieve long-term peace and stability in China?
21. The Four Great Philosophers
The creator of the model of human thought
See how the four sages respond to the ultimate question
Find the answer to our own life
In this book, the proposer of the "Axial Age" and the famous German philosopher Carl Jaspers uses the critical research method of history to present the true positioning and influence of the four great sages in the long river of history in an all-round and multi-angle way, which is refreshing.
He erases too many mythological overtones and leads us to understand the four philosophies from the perspective of "people"—the four philosophies, like us, are in human situations, so how do they view the meaning of life? And how to break the shackles of nothingness, hardship, life and death, and the limitations of human nature?
22. Politics and the Order of Love: An Augustinian Ethics of Democratic Citizenship
A very important work in the study of contemporary Augustine political theology.
Augustine was not a liberal, but he was one of the first philosophers to explicitly propose the theory of free will.
In this book, Princeton University professor Eric Gregory uses theology, feminism, and political philosophy as starting points to propose a new interpretation of Augustinist thought and liberal civil ethics. By analyzing the three different types of Augustinism, represented by Rheinhold Nieble, proceduralism represented by John Rawls, and civil libertarianism represented by Martin Luther King Jr. and their interplay with how politics is conceived and conducted, Gregory rationally reconstructs Augustinian liberalism.
Through an extensive examination of Augustine's writings, and the acceptance of them by scholars of different positions, Gregory established two classic themes:
love – and the concepts of care, solidarity, compassion, etc. related to love;
Sin—and the cruelty, wickedness, and narrow self-interest associated with sin.
Through a detailed discussion, this book not only expands the contemporary Augustinist imagination of liberalism, but also enriches the liberal's understanding of Augustineism. For those concerned with Christian ethics, moral psychology, and the role of religion in liberal societies, Gregory's work can spark entirely new discussions.
23. Faust Part II
Professor Gu Yu of the German Department of Peking University translated masterpieces
The authoritative German commentary is modeled
Consider the needs of stage performances, fit the characters and scenes
Detailed notes, explanations, brief comments, and the latest research results
Ahead of the publication of the second part, Faust Translation took a big step forward
One day, if all literature disappears from the world, people may be able to rebuild it in this play.
—Goethe addressed Schiller on January 28, 1804
Reading Faust, like reading Dream of the Red Chamber, is to enter that world and experience the beauty of the poetry in the details, the subtlety of the layout, the meaning of life, and the ignorance or wisdom of human beings in handling public affairs.
What "Faust" plays out is ultimately the paradox of human ambition and limitation.
24. St. Francis of Assisi
Every historian wants to tell the story of a man's (or a woman's) life in the past, and I'm no exception, and I want to write a biography that tries to get close to the reality of the life of a preacher. A long time ago, Francis fascinated me, and he was more attracted to me than others, and I wanted to think of Francis as an object of study of a whole history (rather than the kind of traditional type biography that is full of anecdotes and superficial traditions).
—Jacques Legov
Francis was a key figure in the historical period from the 12th century to the 13th century. He contributed to the development of religion, civilization and society at that time, and the birth of a modern, vibrant Middle Ages.
Francis combined simplicity with prestige, humility with positivity, ordinary bodies with extraordinary influence, meeting the expectations of most of his contemporaries. He insisted on "taking pleasure in poverty" and advocated the use of finance and markets for charity. He called for equality and gave women and children the place they deserved, and his thinking went far beyond his time. Francis inspired the aspirations of historians more than anyone and made him a model figure in the past and present.
Rather than a traditional anecdote-filled biography, Le Gaulf sought to innovate in his methods and perspectives of understanding—to see Francis as the object of study of the history of the whole. This guided approach to writing, suitable for a wide range of readers, helps them to truly gain knowledge of medieval history and draw inspiration from Francis' views and spirit.
25. Notes of Bankrupt Booksellers
The short life of a bankrupt bookseller
A collection of modern literary contemplations
Co-founder of New Oriental
Co-founder of Zhen Fund
Teacher Wang Qiang's "Pillow Book"
This book is the first introduction of the works of William Jan Daling, the whole book is exquisitely conceived, like a sitcom, but in the end it ends abruptly with the suicide of this bookseller who experienced the "First World War", recalling his daily ingenuity and recalling its ending.
The footnotes to this book can be called a history of English and American literature, and the translator has a profound skill in literature, almost able to note, and the reader can get a sense of synchronicity and diachronic crisscrossing in the process of reading.
What is the situation of a bookseller in today's difficult independent bookstore? This little book may inspire you and help you find the answers.
26. Great archaeologists
An archaeological history of the wonderful lives of 70 archaeologists
Take a look at the changes in archaeology over the past 300 years
Archaeology, as a discipline that studies the human past through material remains, has evolved over two centuries from a leisure activity once reserved for the wealthy and amateurs of Europe to an international science with a large number of trained scholars across multiple disciplines.
We now know that humans first made tools in Africa 2.5 million years ago, not in Europe for thousands of years, as previously thought.
We now know that civilization originated independently in six to seven locations in different parts of the globe, rather than first originating in Egypt and the Near East and then spreading to the rest of the globe.
We now know that the Maya of Mexico, the Zimu of Peru, and the Khmer of Cambodia all built ancient cities, and they created magnificent artistic styles that could not have been imagined by scholars who were the rulers of Europe in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
How did this metamorphosis of cognition come about?
Who made those amazing discoveries and unearthed the treasures on display in the world's major museums today?
The Great Archaeologist focuses on the lives and achievements of 70 archaeologists throughout history.
27. Modern Grand View Garden: When Chinese Women Met the Media in the 20th Century
Looking back at Chinese women a hundred years ago
Read their stories and listen to their voices
No more silence, no more obedience
Women's appearance, occupation, marriage, housework...
Through the media, it finally entered the public eye
Women and men, public power and private domain
Convergence and conflict, tradition and new knowledge
For a long time, traditional Chinese women have given the impression of being silent, obedient, and not easy to show their faces.
However, with the evolution of the times, women's ideas and achievements have gradually developed differently. Women in the 20th century began to show a new style different from the past, the exposure rate of Chinese women in public places continued to rise, and roles such as "single women" and "female players" that were difficult to imagine on women in the past began to take shape in the early 20th century, and impacted the concept of society, causing widespread concern among the public.
With the rise of the modern press and social attention, every move about new women has been captured and presented to the public.
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A book of the day
Professional Ethics and Civic Ethics