#头条中国史 #
Many of Cao Cao's wives and concubines had wives, wives or widows, or divorced and returned home, and Cao Cao was also happy to do so, diligently working hard, and even caused Zhang Xiu's rebellion due to the forcible occupation of Zhang Ji's widow, which can be described as a great disaster.
Taizu Naji's wife, embroidered hate. --"Book of Wei, Zhang Xiuchuan"
Later readers mostly regarded this as Cao Cao's personal habit, that is, there was a special preference for human women. Combined with the historical background of Cao Cao's wife, the author suspects that this matter may not be purely due to his lust, but for another reason.
The core reason for this was that Cao Cao's early heirs were not prosperous, and he lost his children in middle age, so he wanted to spread his heirs by taking in women.
This is not whimsical, because similar events do happen in the hereafter. For example, Emperor Jianwen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Emperor Wu of Liu Song were both middle-aged and childless, so they took the words of the warlocks, and through the elderly and strong women, Guangbu Enxing, and finally made the emperor inherit the successor.
(Emperor) was childless for another few years... Shi (Li) was a palace man, in the weaving mill, the shape was long and black... Even then, the phaser was shocked: "This is also the person." "The emperor made a grand plan and summoned his attendants to bed. --The Book of Jin, Biography of the Later Concubines
According to extant historical data, the peak period of Cao Cao's concubines occurred during the Jian'an period (196-220), which is closely related to the death of his eldest son Cao Angzhan in the second year of Jian'an (197).
After Cao Ang's death, Cao Pi, the oldest of Cao Cao's sons, was only ten years old; It can be seen that Cao Cao, who was more than forty years old at that time, had a weak heir on his knees and a lack of successors, which was completely different from the situation in which he had many children and many blessings and surrounded by children and grandchildren.
Zhang Xiu descended, and the opposite of the tenth day was reversed, and the deceased brother Xiao Lianzi Xiu (Cao Ang) and the congun brother (Cao) An Min were killed. Shi Yu (Cao Pi) was ten years old and had to take off on a horse. --"Canonical Self-Narration"
In view of this, the matter of Cao Cao's concubines, especially those who are married and have children, needs to be carefully viewed. Simply viewing it as a personal obsession is inevitably one-sided.
This article wants to combine the existing historical materials to explore the historical background and practical reasons of Cao Cao's wife.
This article totals 6000 words and takes 12 minutes to read
Cao Cao's embarrassing situation of "thin heirs" in his early years
The first sentence of the "Book of Wei", the biography of the prince of WuWenshi, is "Twenty-five men of Emperor Wu"; That is, Cao Cao had twenty-five sons (not counting the princesses), which can be called prosperous.
Emperor Wu's twenty-five males: Empress Bian Shengwen Emperor, Rencheng Wei Wang Zhang... Song Jisheng Dongping Ling Wang Hui, Zhao Ji Sheng Le Ling Wang Mao. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
However, the gratifying figure of "twenty-five men" is the result of Cao Cao's unremitting cultivation in the sixty-six years of life, and the situation of his early heirs is a different situation.
In the first year of Xingping (194), when Cao Cao was forty years old, there were very few of his heirs, only Cao Ang, Cao Shuo, Cao Pi, Cao Zhang, and Cao Zhi; The rest are not available.
Cao Ang's birth year is unknown, but before his death in the second year of Jian'an (197), he was recorded as "weak crown and filial piety".
Fengshu Wang (曹) Ang Zi Xiu. Weak crown filial piety. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
Cao Ang weakly held up filial piety and followed his father on his southern expedition, and was victimized by Zhang Xiu
Weak crowns are knights who perform the rite of passage at the age of twenty, and the chaotic world can be empowered, and the time is often advanced. According to this deduction, when Cao Ang died in battle, he should be around twenty years old, and even younger during the Xingping period.
Cao Cao's eldest son, Cao Pi, was only seven or eight years old at the time (194); Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi and Pi are the same mother, and they are younger. Cao Shuo and Cao Ang are the same mother, although they have children but "early xue", it can be seen that their health at that time will not be very ideal.
Xiang Yan Wang (曹) Shuo, Early Xue, Taihe three years posthumously. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
In other words, when Cao Cao entered the Fortieth Pass, only Cao Ang was slightly older among his heirs, the remaining sons were all young and weak, and the health of his sons was worrying. In addition to Cao Shuo, The youngest son of the Bian clan, Cao Xiong, is also "early", which can be known to be plagued by diseases. As for Cao Chong, who had the name of a child prodigy, he had not yet been born at that time (194).
Here we need to explain the age of Cao Jun and Cao Zhen separately.
In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Cao Cao married Zhang Xiu, "for the son (Cao) to take the embroidery woman"; In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), Cao Cao married Yuan Tan again, "marrying Tan (female) for his son (Cao) Zhen", it seems that Cao Jun and Cao Quan were both adults at that time, but this is not the case.
Taizu took his hand, feasted with him, and took (Zhang) embroidered women for his son (Cao) and worshiped general Yang Wu. --"Book of Wei, Zhang Xiuchuan"
In the winter of October, he went to Liyang and married (Yuan) Tan (female) for his son (Cao). --Book of Wei, Chronicle of Emperor Wu
Cao Jun and Cao Quan were all loadless, and Cao Zhen was "twenty-three years old (Jian'an) and childless". The ancients married very early, and Cao Quan had no children, and when he died early, it can be known that he was very young when he married Yuan Tan's daughter.
Prince Dai (曹) was appointed to his uncle Lang Zhongshaohou. Jian'an twenty-two years, FengGuo Marquis, twenty-three years, childless. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
When Cao Cao married Emperor Han (213), there are also records of "the young man staying in the country", such as the story of Empress Shangguan (Shangguan married Emperor Zhao at the age of six).
In the autumn of July, the Weishe Jizong Temple was built. The Son of Heaven employs the third daughter of the Duke of Wei as a nobleman, and the youngest stay in the country. --Book of Wei, Chronicle of Emperor Wu
Tianzi hired the third daughter of Duke Wei as a nobleman, and the youngest stayed in the country
According to the "Examination of Marriage and Funeral Customs in the Han Dynasty", the formal marriage age of two Han women can be as low as thirteen, such as the story of Empress Mingdema. It can be seen that at that time (213), Cao Cao's three concubines who offered to Emperor Xian of Han were not lacking in the young and weak, so they were forced to "stay in the country". The royal marriage is still like this, and the marriage of the scholar can be known.
After being elected (horse), he entered the Womb. It was thirteen years old. --Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Chronicle of the Empress
In view of this, Cao Jun, Cao Quan, and others "married" Cao Cao's political enemies for political purposes, only on behalf of the two parties to conclude an alliance through a marriage contract, not that they had reached adulthood. According to extant historical data, when Cao Cao was forty years old (194), the second son was probably not yet born.
The knock-on effect of Cao Ang's death
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Cao Ang was killed in battle, and Cao Pi, the oldest of the shuzi, was "ten years old" and could not bear the political affairs, and the Cao clique was faced with the embarrassment of lack of successors.
At that time, Cao Cao, who was more than forty years old, lost his only adult heir. According to the Biography of Xun Yu, after Cao Ang's death, Cao Cao "moved in and out of the movement and became constant"; According to Wei Luo, Cao Cao was still worried about Cao Ang's death before his death, and the pain of losing his son can be seen.
Taizu was furious, and the movement and movement in and out became common, and everyone said that he had lost to Zhang Xiu. --The Book of Wei and the Biography of Xun Yu
Taizu was sick and troubled, unable to worry about himself, and sighed: "... If death is caused by a spirit, if Zi Xiu (Cao Ang) asks 'where my mother is', how will I answer! --Wei Liu
At that time (197), not only cao ang was killed, but cao pi was also nearly killed. According to his own account, although he was only ten years old at the time of Zhang Xiu's rebellion, he also followed his father's conquest and "got rid of his horse" and was lucky to avoid death. If Cao Pi was also killed in battle, the consequences would be unimaginable.
Shi Yu (Cao Pi) was ten years old and had to take off on a horse. The way of Fu Wen and Wu, each of which can be used at any time, was born in the season of Zhongping, grew up between the Rong brigades, and is a small number of good bow horses, and it will not fade today. --"Canonical Self-Narration"
The lesson of Cao Ang's death is profound. It made Cao Cao realize that in a chaotic world, heirs, no matter how old or young, could die at any time. If you want to avoid the hidden dangers of extinction, you can only spread the blessings and spread the leaves.
Judging from the existing historical data, Cao Ang's death brought a series of chain effects, objectively accelerating the historical process of Cao Cao's extensive adoption of human wives and heirs.
(1) Ding's divorce returns
Cao Ang, Cao Shuo, and Princess Qinghe were all from Cao Cao's concubine Liu Shi, who was infertile, so he adopted the oldest Cao Ang, and Cao Ang also obtained the status of the eldest son.
Taizu first had Lady Ding, and Lady Liu gave birth to a son Xiu (Cao Ang) and Princess Qinghe Chang. Liu early, Ding adopted son Xiu. - "Wei Luo"
Lady Liu gave birth to Wang Ang of Feng and Wang Shuo of Xiang. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
After Cao Ang's death, Ding Shi was childless and old, and resented Cao Cao's lust for beauty (forcibly occupying Zhang Xiu's uncle) and causing Cao Ang to be killed, so he divorced and returned, and divorced Cao Cao.
Zi Xiu died in Yong, and Ding often said, "Kill my son, and you will never think of it again!" So he wept uncontrollably. Taizu was angry and sent home. - "Wei Luo"
Ding Shi wept uncontrollably, taizu was angry, and sent home
Ding's great return was not necessarily a bad thing for Cao Cao. According to "Wei Luo", when Cao Ang was alive, Ding Shi "regarded (Bian) hou mother and child insufficient", which shows that Ding Shi's personality was strong and taboo. This may be related to her inability to have children herself, so she has a natural hostility to the Bian clan that gave birth to Cao Pi, Cao Zhang, and others.
In the beginning, Lady Ding was both a concubine, plus a son Xiu (Cao Ang), and Ding Shi (Bian) was not enough mother and son. (Bian) is the successor chamber and does not remember the old evil. - "Wei Luo"
From this point of view, before Ding's return home (197), Cao Cao's heirs were not prosperous, which is likely to be related to the strict intervention of the concubines. Now that the Ding clan is divorced, then Cao Cao wants to wantonly lust and scatter leaves, and there is no longer any bondage.
Judging from the existing historical data, the outbreak of the number of Cao Cao's heirs coincided with the timeline of Ding's Great Return (197) during the Jian'an period (196-220), and it is likely that there is a causal relationship between the two.
(2) The time of Du and Yin's entry into the palace and the peak period of Cao Cao's concubines
Lady Du was the wife of Qin Yilu and had a son, Qin Lang; In the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Cao Cao was born to Xia Pi and had two sons and a daughter: Cao Lin the Prince of Pei, Cao Gong the King of Zhongshan, and Princess Jinxiang.
Lady Du gave birth to Pei Mu Wang (Cao) Lin and Zhongshan Gong Wang (Cao) Gong. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
Princess Xian, who was said to be her mother, Princess Pei, said: "Yan is evil day by day, how will he protect himself?" --The Late Biography of Wei
"Wei Luo" Lady Yun Du gave birth to Princess Gaocheng, and it is not known whether she is the alias of princess Jinxiang; If so, Lady Du had two sons and two daughters for Cao Cao.
Lady Taizu Du gave birth to The Pei King Leopard (曹豹 i.e. Cao Lin) and Princess Gaocheng. --"Hanging Wei Wuwen" Liu Shan's annotations to "Wei Luo"
Lady Yin was the daughter-in-law of He Jin (一作何苗' daughter-in-law), and had a son, He Yan, who, after entering the palace, gave birth to Cao Cao the Prince of Fanyang.
Lady Yin was born to Fanyang Min Wang (曹) Zhi. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
The time of Yin's entry into the house is unknown. According to Wei Luo, Cao Cao "was in the public house with his mother" when he was "in the public house" with He Yan.
Cao Cao's "Sikong" began in the first year of Jian'an (196), according to he Yan and Qin Lang's entry into the capital, it can be seen that the Yin clan entered the palace at about the same time as the Du clan, also around the fourth year of Jian'an (199).
When Taizu was a Sikong, Na (He) Yan's mother and adopted Yan, and at that time, Qin Yilu'er Asu (Qin Lang) also accompanied his mother in the public family and saw that he was favored like a prince. - "Wei Luo"
According to the "New Language of the World", He Yan was seven years old when he entered the house with his mother, "bright and wise as a god", Cao Cao loved it, and "wanted to think of himself as a son". He Yan's birth year has no examination, and scholars mostly speculate that he was born in the Chuping period (the author has seen two records of the first year of Chuping (190) and the third year of Chuping (192)), which can also be used to support the time of his mother's entry into the palace.
He Yan was seven years old, Minghui ruoshen, Wei Wudi was in love, and yan's mother was in the palace, wanting to think of herself as a son. - "The World Speaks a New Language"
Emperor Wu of Wei took Yan's mother in the palace and wanted to make He Yan his son
As for Li Ji, Zhou Ji, Liu Ji, Song Ji, Zhao Ji and others who have other birth records, their entry into the palace should be after Lady Du and Lady Yin. Of course, there are exceptions, such as Cao Biao's mother Sun Ji.
Sun Jisheng was born to Prince Shang of Linyi, Wang Biao of Chu, and Prince Qin of Gang. --Book of Wei, Biography of Prince WuWenshi
If the tradition is that the mother is noble and lowly, regardless of the year of the brothers, although the king of Chu is old, it is passed on after (king Zhao) does it. --Pei Songzhi
However, the "Biography of Concubine Hou of the Book of Wei" states that the status of "Ji" is below that of "Lady", and it is inferred from the sequence of seniority that Zhu Ji's entry into the palace should generally be later than that of Du and Second Lady Yin. In other words, the peak period of Cao Cao's concubines did occur after Cao Ang's death in battle and Ding's divorce (197).
Taizu founded the country, the first queen, and the next five grades: there are wives, there are Zhaoyi, there are concubines, there are Ronghua, there are beauties. --The Book of Wei And the Biography of the Empress Dowager
Not to mention, Cao Cao gave birth to a son, Cao Gan, with "Concubine Chen" when he was more than sixty years old. Chen died early, and Wang Zhaoyi raised his son. It can be known that throughout his life, Cao Cao was spreading branches and spreading his heirs.
(Cao) do a good job. Concubine Chen... When he was five years old and Taizu was ill (Cao Cao was sixty-six years old), the posthumous prince (Cao Pi) said: "This son died at the age of three, and lost his father at the age of five. --Wei Liu
In summary, after Cao Ang's death in battle and the return of the Ding clan (197), Cao Cao began to take a large number of concubines, spread grace, and finally got rid of the dilemma of the previous lack of heirs, and became a multi-son monarch with "twenty-five men".
Cao Cao took a woman as a concubine in real need
As mentioned earlier, at the beginning of Cao Ang's death, Cao Cao's concubines had a certain pertinence, that is, they preferred married and fertile women, especially the Du and Yin clans.
Cao Cao's good married woman is understandable, and the good woman who has been born is slightly abnormal. In fact, if we take the cases of Sima Yu, the Emperor Jianwen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Liu Yu, the Emperor of song, as a reference, it can be seen that Cao Cao's behavior has a certain purpose, that is, to give birth to heirs, especially males.
Sima Yu, the Emperor of Jianwen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, lost his son at an early age, and at the suggestion of the warlock, he took the ugly woman who was "long in shape and black in color" as a concubine, and obtained two sons and a daughter.
(Sima Yu) was childless for several more years, but he made the good ones summon all the concubines to show them... Shi (Li) hou was a palace person, in the weaving mill, the shape was long and black, and the palace people were called Kunlun... The emperor made a grand plan and summoned the servants to sleep... Emperor Xiaowu was born, Prince Xiaowen of Huiwen, and Princess Chang of Poyang. --The Book of Jin, Biography of the Later Concubines
Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty, who had been married for many years, had only one daughter, and was still childless until his forties, and almost no heirs. With the successful case of Sima Yu first, Liu Yusui recruited a large number of strong women into the palace, widely spread grace, rain and dew, and in a few years, he had seven sons and nine daughters (see "The Biography of the Three Kings of Song Shuwu"), leaping from widowhood and loneliness to multi-son emperor, which is a miracle.
Liu Yilong, the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, was the product of this "son-seeking project". Emperor Wen's biological mother, Hu Jieyu, was nearly forty years old when she entered the palace, and she must have a history of marriage, and after giving birth to a child, she was not favored, and she was given death at the age of forty-two.
Emperor Wu of Hu Jieyu (胡婕妤), Zhen Dao'an (讳道安), a native of Huainan. Yi Xichu was taken by Emperor Gaozu and was born Emperor Wen (Liu Yilong). Five years later, he was condemned to death at the age of forty-two. --Book of Song, Biography of The Queen Concubine
Liu Yilong was Liu Yu's third son, and his kun brother's generation, his birth mother was also "unknown to the people of He County" (including the birth mother of Crown Prince Liu Yifu, Lady Zhang), and should be born of married women. The matter concerned the dignity of the royal family, and the historian hid it.
(Song) Emperor Wu of The Imperial Household,Lady Zhang ,讳阙(i.e., courtesy name 讳失考), also known as The County of He County. Yi Xi Chu (Yi Xi first year Liu Yu was already forty-three years old), fortunately Gao Zu, gave birth to The Young Emperor (Liu Yifu), and also gave birth to Yi Xing Gong Princess Huiyuan. --Book of Song, Biography of The Queen Concubine
Liu Yu guang accepted the woman, and spread the heirs
Sima Yu, Liu Yu, and others were active after the Han and Wei dynasties, but this idea that married and fertile women helped to produce children may have been born before that. Cao Cao may have heard of this and put it into practice.
As mentioned earlier, Lady Du, who gave birth to Princess Cao Lin, Cao Gong, and Princess Jinxiang, and Lady Yin, who gave birth to Cao Zhi, before marrying Cao Cao, all had records of giving birth to male dings: Du gave birth to Qin Lang, and Yin gave birth to He Yan.
Cao Cao, who lived several years after Cao Ang's death (197), successively Nadu and Lady Yin Zhu, is likely to be influenced by this concept, that is, superstitious women who have given birth to male Ding are prone to regeneration of male Ding.
Of course, compared with Sima Yu, Liu Yu and others' "no refusal to come", Cao Cao still had certain requirements in the standard of concubinage. Judging from the relevant records of Cao's concubines, they were mostly beautiful widows, and it can be seen that Cao Cao was not like Liu Yu who was carelessly seeking a son, which may be related to Cao Cao's son under his knees at that time.
Sima Yu and Liu Yu belonged to no choice, and Cao Cao still had a few choices, so he was slightly loose in the scope of concubines, not all married and fertile wives.
Extrapolating from this, in the ninth year of Jian'an (204), when The Cao army attacked Tuye County, "the women and sons of the Yuan clan were often invaded", and even the ethical scandal of Cao Cao and Cao Pi father and son competing for the Zhen clan was likely to be related to the identity of zhen's wife.
Cao Cao attacked Tuye City, and Yuan's wives and sons were often invaded... (Kong) Rong Nai and (Cao) Cao Shu, saying that "the King of Wu cut down the Silk and gave the Duke of Zhou with his own concubine". --The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Biography of Kong Rong
Judging from Cao Cao's anxiety about "summoning Zhen", he has a strong greed for Zhen, which may not all stem from Zhen's extraordinary appearance, or it may be that Cao Cao has used the successful cases of Du and Yin to further superstitiously believe that taking a concubine as a concubine will help give birth to a male.
Cao Gongzhi Tu Yiye (曹公之 Tu Ye) (曹公之) (曹公之) was also summoned by Zhen (氏). Left and right White: "General Lang (Cao Pi) in the Five Senses is gone." "This year's thief is a slave!" --"The World Speaks a New Language"
Zhen was already twenty-two at that time, and whether he had had a childbirth situation before, the history books are unknown; However, according to her "Shengming Emperor and Princess Dongxiang" after her marriage to Cao Pi, it seems to further corroborate Cao Cao's conjecture that the woman of the Naren people is helpful in having children, especially considering the historical background that Cao Pi originally married to the Ren clan for many years, but there was nothing to come out.
After Wen Di Na (Zhen), Yu Yi was favored, Emperor Shengming and Princess Dongxiang. --Biography of Empress Wenzhao of Wei
(Text) The emperor wanted to send the Ren clan, (Zhen) after asking the emperor to say: "Ren is a famous clan of the party in the township, virtue, sex, and concubines can't wait, how to dispatch him?" --Wang Shen, Book of Wei
Cao Cao's "good wife" incident invisibly affected Cao Pi. In addition to zhen, Cao Pi's favorite concubine Guo also had a similar origin.
Guo's early life was very complicated, "lost and displaced, not in the tongyun Hou family", until "taizu was the Duke of Wei" and "had to enter the Eastern Palace". At that time, Guo Shi was over thirty years old, three years older than Cao Pi, and undoubtedly belonged to a middle-aged woman in the Han and Wei dynasties, and probably had a history of marriage before.
(Guo Shi) lost his second relatives early, was displaced, and was not in the Tongyan Hou family. When Taizu was the Duke of Wei, he had to enter the Eastern Palace. --Biography of Empress Wende of Wei
When Taizu was the Duke of Wei, Guo had to enter the Eastern Palace
Unfortunately, the Guo clan was unable to produce children for Cao Pi, and was eventually forced to adopt Cao Rui, the son of the Zhen clan. It can be seen that if you want to have an heir, even if you recruit a woman, it is not necessarily a good policy, and it cannot guarantee that you will get what you want.
brief summary
The relevant records of Cao Cao's "good acceptance of people's wives" have seriously influenced and misled the understanding of this matter by later readers, and even regarded it as Cao Cao's special sexual habit, which is sincerely regrettable.
In fact, for Cao Cao, a rich and wealthy disciple, "beauty" is definitely not his ultimate pursuit; Beauty is at her fingertips, but a tool for achieving her political ambitions. Wang Shen's Book of Wei states that "attacking the city and pulling out the city, obtaining beautiful things, and giving meritorious deeds" is the best commentary on Cao Cao's mentality.
When you attack the city and get beautiful things, you will give them meritorious deeds, reward them with honors, and do not skimp on thousands of dollars. --Wang Shen, Book of Wei
As for why Cao Cao wanted to take concubines in the Jian'an period (196-220), and spread grace widely, even at the age of sixty, he was still working hard, the core reason was the change of his status.
As the head of the warlord clique, Cao Cao was no longer an ordinary eunuch, and he needed to take responsibility for the future of Cao Wei's military and political clique. In the chaotic world, the original heir may die violently at any time (such as Cao Ang), so Cao Cao must ensure that the heirs are prosperous and the more the merrier, which is what Dong Zhao said: "The foundation of the foundation, in the local and the people, it is advisable to establish a little to defend themselves."
Although the Ming Gong is a mighty virtue and a magic spell, he does not determine his foundation, and he is still not there. The foundation of the foundation, in the earth and people, should be established a little, in order to defend themselves. --The Biography of Dong Zhao, Book of Wei
If the heirs are weak, Hugh said to lay the foundation, only to be afraid of death and the destruction of the country is imminent, and the young emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty are a lesson for the future.
In this context, a married and fertile woman, although she has no complete body, has at least proved the perfection of her reproductive function, and does not appear to be infertile like Cao Cao's original Ding clan; Therefore, not only Cao Cao was a good woman, but also Sima Yu, Liu Yu and others in later generations, and all of them achieved the desired results in "seeking children". This is not due to sexual fetishism, but to the reality of the need.
In a sense, Cao Cao's "good wife" is like Sima Yan's "thousands of harems". Scholars throughout the ages have regarded Sima Yan as a traitor, but this is not the case. Japanese sinologists, by discussing the family composition of Sima Yan's concubines, believe that Emperor Wu of Jin wanted to co-opt the door valve family by entering into marriage, not purely out of lust.
Note: See Yasuda Jiro's "Western Jin Dynasty Emperor Wu's Lust Examination" and Watanabe Yoshihiro's "Western Jin Dynasty Sima Clan Marriage Examination".
In short, when discussing the behavior of politicians, it is necessary not only to know what they are, but also to know why they are so; It is not appropriate to live in a merely mortal mind, but also to understand the motivation of its behavior in combination with the historical environment and cultural background.
I am Fat Mi, the original author of the history of the headline number. Talk about historical anecdotes and focus on the history of the Three Kingdoms. From the clues in Shi Hai's sinking hook and the Yoshimitsu katayu, to analyze the hidden meaning behind the unfolding.
Thanks for reading.