In February 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Outline Development Plan for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which pointed out:
Since the reform and opening up, especially after the return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland, the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao has been continuously deepened and realized, the economic strength and regional competitiveness of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have been significantly enhanced, and the basic conditions for building a world-class bay area and a world-class city cluster have been met.
Outline requirements: firmly establish and practice the concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, treat the ecological environment like life, and implement the strictest ecological environmental protection system. Adhere to the principle of giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration, take the construction of a beautiful bay area as the guide, focus on improving the quality of the ecological environment, form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, production mode and lifestyle that conserves resources and protects the environment, and realizes the green and low-carbon circular development, so that the sky in the Greater Bay Area is bluer, the mountains are greener, the water is cleaner, and the environment is more beautiful.
Implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, build ecological corridors and biodiversity conservation networks, and improve the quality and stability of ecosystems. Delineate and strictly abide by the red line of ecological protection, and strengthen the control of the use of natural ecological space. Strengthen the protection of mountainous, hilly and forest ecosystems around the Pearl River Delta, and build an ecological barrier for forests in the northern part of the continuous mountains. Strengthen coastline protection and control, strengthen shoreline resource protection and natural attribute maintenance, and establish and improve a dynamic monitoring mechanism for coastlines. Strengthen the protection and restoration of ecosystems in coastal waters, carry out the proliferation and stocking of aquatic organisms, and promote the construction and management of important marine nature reserves and aquatic germplasm resources conservation areas. Promote the "Blue Bay" rectification action, protect coastal mangroves, and build coastal ecological belts. Strengthen cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao in ecological environmental protection, and jointly improve the ecological environment system. Strengthen the protection and restoration of wetlands, comprehensively protect international and nationally important wetlands in the region, and carry out cross-border joint protection of coastal wetlands.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area</h1>
The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, which includes the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and the cities of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province, has a total area of 56,000 square kilometers and a total population of about 70 million at the end of 2017.
Since the beginning of the pre-Qin Dynasty, Guangdong has become the birthplace of China's traditional agricultural civilization, and after the founding of New China, it has become the vanguard of the economic rise of reform and opening up, and the natural landscape and financial commerce go hand in hand. Located in the Greater Bay Area, the Xiangtou Mountain National Nature Reserve is centered on the protection of the South Asian tropical evergreen monsoon rain forest and the mountain subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the low mountains and valleys, as well as the rare and endangered wild animals and plants in the reserve and their habitats, with 418 species of terrestrial vertebrate wildlife, including 40 species of wild animals under national key protection, including 3 species of clouded leopards, pythons and Chinese pangolins, and 37 national grade II protected animals such as tiger frogs, three-line closed-shell turtles, and crested falcons species, and 72 species of fish. There are 1862 species of vascular plants, including 135 species of ferns, 16 species of gymnosperms, 1711 species of angiosperms, including 12 species of national key protected plants, such as gemu, half maple lotus, black alder and so on. Located in the Greater Bay Area, Xinghu National Wetland Park is the first national wetland park in China and the most typical and representative karst lake wetland in China's subtropical region. The Fairy Lake Bird Sanctuary, located in the wetland area, successfully introduced rare birds and animals under national key protection such as red-crowned cranes more than ten years ago, becoming a typical case of biodiversity conservation.
As an international financial center, Hong Kong is a transit point for world business cooperation. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Hong Kong Island was named after the transport of spice agarwood, hence the name "Hong Kong". The topography is mostly hilly and mountainous, surrounded by 263 islands. Lantau Island, as the largest island in Hong Kong, is located in the southwest of Hong Kong, with a total area of about 147 square kilometers, a long and tortuous coastline, harbors and beaches, mountains and flowing water, natural landscapes and historical monuments, with unique natural scenery, rich ecological environment, simple cultural customs and other landscape diversity.
Australia is bordered by Gongbei of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province to the north, Wan Chai and Hengqin in Zhuhai City to the west, Hong Kong across the sea to the east, and the South China Sea to the south, and is composed of four parts: Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island, Coloane Island and Cotai City. Macao's Mazu culture has a long history, influenced by Portuguese colonization, forming a parallel culture of coexistence of Chinese culture with deep traditional connotations and Western culture with Portuguese culture as the quality, and is an internationally diversified human and biodiversity area with Chinese culture as the mainstay and compatible with Portuguese culture.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Nanling National Nature Reserve</h1>
Nanling National Nature Reserve is located in the north of Guangdong Province, located in the southern foothills of the middle section of the Nanling Mountains, which is the largest mountain range in southern China, the watershed of the Yangtze River system and the Pearl River system, and an important natural geographical dividing line in China. The total area of the reserve is 58368.4 hectares, the forest coverage rate is more than 98%, the vegetation is dense, and it is a typical representative of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in southeast China, and the complete mountain forest ecosystem and the vertical zone of native vegetation are preserved.
As the largest nature reserve in Guangdong Province and the richest forest resources, Nanling National Nature Reserve is an important water conservation forest area in the Pearl River Basin, the largest oasis in the same latitude region of the world, and the most important ecological safety barrier for cities in the southeast coast. The reserve mainly protects subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and rare and endangered wild animals and plants and their habitats, and is the largest species gene bank in Guangdong Province.
Nanling National Nature Reserve is rich in species diversity, with 622 species of wild vertebrates, including 98 species of mammals, 316 species of birds, 99 species of reptiles, 44 species of amphibians, and 65 species of teleost fish; 3195 species of insects have been identified and recorded, including 529 species of butterflies, 2082 species of moths, and 584 species of Coleoptera insects. Terrestrial vertebrates include 44 species endemic to China and 76 species of wild animals under national key protection, including 11 species of national grade I protected animals, namely bear monkey, clouded leopard, leopard, South China tiger, forest musk, sika deer, black chamois, white-necked long-tailed pheasant, yellow-bellied horned pheasant, python and golden-spotted beaked phoenix, 65 species of national grade II protected animals, and 26 species of provincial-level protected animals. There are 3890 species of higher plants in the reserve, including 3539 species of vascular plants, including 363 species of ferns, 19 species of gymnosperms and 3157 species of angiosperms. It involves 22 species of wild plants under national key protection, including 3 species of national grade I protected plants, namely southern yew tree, Bole tree and lettuce, and 19 species of national grade II protected plants.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Guangdong Forestry </h1>
Guangdong Province is located in the south of Chinese mainland, east of Fujian, north of Jiangxi, Hunan, west of Guangxi, south of the South China Sea, southwest of the Qiongzhou Strait and Hainan Province, the total area of 178,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 1.85% of China's land area, the mainland coastline of 3368.1 kilometers, 759 coastal islands, inland rivers, mainly the Pearl River, Han River, Moyang River and Jianjiang River, the territory of mountains, plains, hills crisscrossed, is "seven mountains, one water and two fields" of the forestry province.
Guangdong Province has a total of 1359 nature reserves of various types, including 377 nature reserves, 28 scenic spots, 19 geological parks, 2 mine parks, 712 forest parks, 214 wetland parks, and 7 marine special protection areas, forming a natural protection system with complete protection types, reasonable layout, ecological benefits and social benefits, becoming the earliest and largest number of natural protected areas in the country, with natural protected areas accounting for 16.39% of the province's land area.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > wildlife</h1>
Guangdong Province has a total of 774 species of terrestrial vertebrate wildlife, 114 species of wildlife under national key protection, including 20 species of national grade I protected animals, 94 species of national grade II protected animals, and 76 species of terrestrial wild animals under provincial key protection. There are a total of 110 species of mammals in wild animals, including 8 species of national Class I protected animals such as South China tiger, clouded leopard and pangolin, 14 species of national class II protected animals such as macaque, black bear and sambar deer; 507 species of birds, including 9 species of white-bellied warship birds, Chinese autumn sand ducks and white-tailed seabirds, etc., 77 species of national class II protected animals such as Hainan tabby owls, black-faced spoonbills, and Guangdong provincial birds and white egrets; 45 species of amphibians, including 1 species of tiger frogs, and 1 species of reptiles. Including 3 species of national grade I protected animals python, monitor lizard and crocodile lizard, 2 species of national grade II protected animals such as large gecko and concave-beetle tortoise; more than 10,000 species of insects, 8,100 species of insects that have been named, including 1 species of golden-spotted beaked butterfly, a national Grade I protected animal.
Macaca mulatta
South China Tiger Panthera tigris
Crab-eating herpestes urva
Tamiops swinhoei
Lophura nycthemera
Pericrocotus solaris
Red-billed acacia leiothrix lutea
Bufo Melanostictus Schneider
Popp short-legged toad Brachytarsophrys popei
Crocodile lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus
Chinese Shilongzi Plestiodon chinensis
Guangdong Province has a total of more than 7,700 species of vascular plants, 55 species of wild plants under national key protection, including 7 species of national grade I protected plants and 48 species of national grade II protected plants. There are 607 species of ferns in wild plants, including 11 species of national grade II protected plants such as cycad fern, alder tree, golden retriever, etc.; 29 species of gymnosperms, including 4 species of national grade I protected plants Taiwan cycad, fairy lake cycad, southern yew, and water pine, 4 species of national grade II protected plants grate trichocerus, Fujian cypress, South China five-needle pine, and white yew; 5499 species of angiosperms, including the national I. protected plants Bole tree, primrose moss, hezhu golden lotus wood 3 species, national grade II protected plants four medicine gate flowers, Danxia sycamore, There are 33 kinds of soil agarwood and so on.
Guangdong Shidoulan Bulbophyllum kwangtungense
Apostasia shenzhenica
Vanilla shenzhenica
Danxiaorchis singchiana
Blood leaf orchid Ludisia discolor
Tainia hongkongensis
Danxia Sycamore F. dansiaensis Huse
Cibotium barometz
Michelia guangdongensis
Bright langur earring Archidendron lucidum
Salt-skinned wood Rhus chinensis
Mountain chicken pepper Litsea cubeba
Aquilaria sinensis
Bretschneidera sinensis
Iron holly Ilex rotunda
Fujian Bai Fokienia hodginsii
South China five-needle pine Pinus kwangtungensis
Tokiyama Dichroa febrifuga
Hook kiss Gelsemium elegans
Lemmaphyllum microphyllum
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > forest ecosystem</h1>
The vegetation type in the Nanling area in the northern part of Guangdong Province is subtropical mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest, the central part is subtropical evergreen monsoon rain forest, and the southern part is tropical evergreen monsoon forest, mainly coniferous forest, middle and young forest. The total forest area of Guangdong Province is 10.5241 million hectares, the forest coverage rate is 58.61%, and the forest stock is 578.7 million cubic meters.
Chebaling National Nature Reserve
Xiangtou Mountain National Nature Reserve
Nankunshan National Forest Park
Patio Hill National Forest Park
Dalingshan National Forest Park
Luofu Mountain National Scenic Area
Zijin Baixi Provincial Nature Reserve
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > wetland ecosystem</h1>
Guangdong Province is rich in wetland resources, with 5 types of wetlands and 21 types of wetlands, with a total wetland area of 1.7534 million hectares, accounting for 10% of Guangdong's land area. Among them, the area of offshore and coastal wetlands is 815,100 hectares, the total area of river wetlands is 337,900 hectares, the total area of lake wetlands is 0.15 million hectares, the total area of swamp wetlands is 0.36 million hectares, and the total area of constructed wetlands is 595,300 hectares.
Zhaoqing Xinghu National Wetland Park
Xinhui Bird Paradise National Wetland Park
Huizhou Daya Bay Mangrove Forest Urban Wetland Park
Guangdong Neiling Futian National Nature Reserve
Taishan Chuandao Macaque Provincial Nature Reserve
Zhuhai Qi'ao Mangrove Forest Provincial Nature Reserve
(News source: China Wildlife Conservation Association public number editor Wang Qiang)