Hu Jiandong/Wen
After the founding of New China, some people in the former Central Soviet Region took out the "Red Army Tickets" and "Red Army Shells" that had been saved at the risk of their lives and went to the local People's Bank to inquire whether they could be exchanged.
In December 1949, the Ningdu County Branch of the People's Bank of China took the lead in reporting this situation to the superiors, and then reported it to the Jiangxi Branch of the People's Bank of China, the Central and Southern Branch of the People's Bank of China, the Headquarters of the People's Bank of China, and even the Central South Military and Political Committee and the Central Financial and Economic Committee. On July 13, 1950, the Council of the Central People's Government promulgated the "Decision on the Acceptance of Banknotes Issued by the Workers' and Peasants' Governments During the Second Civil Revolutionary War", deciding to exchange the currency issued by the revolutionary base areas during the Second Civil Revolutionary War with the renminbi issued by the People's Bank of China uniformly issued throughout the country. In August of the same year, the Central Financial and Economic Committee instructed that the currency and public debt of the revolutionary base areas could be exchanged according to the ratio of 12 yuan of Soviet banknotes to 1 yuan of silver dollars.
The People's Government of Jiangxi Province and the People's Government of Fujian Province issued a notice in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of the State Council, clarifying that the banknotes and public bonds issued by the Provisional Central Government in the former Central Revolutionary Base Area shall be exchanged at a face value of 1 yuan for the first set of 1,500 yuan. On August 22 and September 12, 1950 People's Bank of China the Fujian Branch and the Jiangxi Branch respectively issued circulars on the exchange of Soviet currency, and decided that from now on, the people's banks of each county (city) would be responsible for the exchange.
It is worth mentioning that the Central and Southern Branch of the People's Bank of China, while reporting to the head office, has expressed to the Jiangxi Branch the opinion that "in order to take care of the interests of the masses and expand the political influence, in principle, it agrees to accept the exchange first". As a result, before receiving the official instructions issued by the Central Financial and Economic Commission, the relevant business institutions of the People's Bank of China in the former Central Soviet Region were already doing the collection and exchange work, and according to the actual situation, the collection time was relaxed many times.
According to statistics, from August 1950 to the end of 1954, Jiangxi Province received a total of 771,516.55 yuan of banknotes from the National Bank of China. Among them, at the end of October 1950, Ruijin County received 262928 banknotes of the National Bank of China, totaling 180,817.88 yuan; Xingguo County received more than 160,000 yuan of banknotes of the National Bank. In the Longyan area of Fujian Province, by the end of December 1954, a total of 156,048.97 yuan of banknotes of the National Bank of China had been exchanged.
On November 30, 1956 and February 8, 1957, the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China issued the [Cai Gong Bei Zi No. 90] and [Cai Gong Bei Zi No. 14] documents respectively, stipulating that all kinds of public bonds and borrowing bills can be exchanged in accordance with relevant requirements. On July 4, 1958, the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China jointly issued the "Joint Notice on the Continued Collection and Redemption of Public Bonds Issued by the People's Bank of China in the Pre-Liberation Soviet And Liberated Areas" [(58) Chu Gong Xu Zi No. 24 and (58) Cai Gong Zi No. 154], which once again extended the collection time. On August 16, 1980, the Ministry of Finance once again issued the "Notice on the Funds Borrowed and Raised by Local Governments and the People's Army from the Masses During the War Years, Which Are Still Uniformly Verified and Handled by Local Governments", which not only continued to extend the time for collection and redemption, but also further expanded the scope of collection and redemption of creditor's rights and tickets. The cash exchange work during this period was mainly undertaken by the Agricultural Bank of China.
The careful reader will find that from 1950 to 1980, spanning 40 years, the same thing that the relevant government departments did to this end was how to successfully fulfill the "national commitment": "debt repayment". Although the time is long, the people are willing to wait; The government is tight, but it still does its best!
The following 2 "Red Army Bills", 1 "Chinese Soviet Republic Revolutionary War Bond" and 5 "Chinese Soviet Republic Economic Construction Bonds" collected by the author are historical witnesses to the two generations of financiers "holding hands" in a specific way and jointly fulfilling the solemn commitments made by the Soviet Republic in that year.
Figure 1: The "Red Army Ticket" on the back of the ticket number is the second corner denomination of the 112732. The stamp on the ticket is "People's Bank of China Shanghang County Branch Cash Payment" stamp on July 13, 1959.
Figure 2: The ticket number is the "Red Army Ticket" with a one-round denomination of 670024. The stamp on the ticket is "Xinfeng County Finance Bureau Write-off" seal, and the redemption time is 1962.
Why is it that when the above two banknotes are exchanged, one of them is stamped with the seal of the county people's bank, and the other is stamped with the seal of the county financial department? The reason is that all the collection and exchange work is handled by the bank on behalf of the finance, and then the bank transfers the funds to the local finance. Whose seal is affixed to the original ticket, whether it should be handed over to the local finance bureau for verification, and kept for a certain period of time in accordance with relevant regulations, is caused by the differences in the specific business operation processes between Jiangxi and Fujian provinces.
Figure 3: The ticket number is the second phase of the Revolutionary War Public Debt with a 493332 one-round denomination, with a ticket width of 130×82mm. The stamp on the ticket is "Agricultural Bank of China Ganxian Branch Nantang Business Office Cash Payment" seal. The exact redemption time is unknown. After the founding of New China, the "Agricultural Bank of China" was initially called "Agricultural Bank of China" in March 1955, and after that, the Agricultural Bank of China and the People's Bank of China experienced a few points.
Figure 4: The ticket number is the economic construction bond of the 100507 Wujiao denomination, with a coupon width of 130×105mm. The stamp on the ticket is "cash payment of People's Bank of China Shicheng County Branch", and the redemption time is September 6, 1982.
Figure 5: The economic construction bond with ticket number 203610 one-round denomination is 127×117mm. The stamp on the ticket is "cash payment of the Guangchang County Branch of the People's Bank of China", and the redemption time is June 19, 1980.
Figure 6: The ticket number is 307953 two round denomination economic construction bonds, with a ticket width of 152× 121mm. The stamp on the ticket is "official seal of the ningdu county sub-branch of the People's Bank of China". The bank is the first branch to reflect the wishes of the people in the Soviet Union to the superior, and its initiative and enthusiasm are commendable, and it is worth learning from the relevant functional departments of the government and many practitioners in the banking industry!
Figure 7: The economic construction bonds with a ticket number of 033263 three round denominations, with a ticket width of 158×140mm. The stamp on the ticket is "official seal of the ganxian sub-branch business of People's Bank of China".
Figure 8: The economic construction bonds with a coupon number of 324,400 Wu yuan are 177×146 mm. The stamp on the ticket is "People's Bank of China Ningdu County Branch Third Counter Settlement Business Special Seal". The exchange time is estimated to be the beginning of the liberation period, due to the large amount of exchange workload at that time, the Ningdu sub-branch may set up a special counter to serve the exchange object. In addition, at that time, the five-round denomination was considered a large amount, so it was paid by transfer.
What is even more worth mentioning is that on January 7, 1980, the People's Bank of China and the Ministry of Finance approved People's Bank of China the article "Supplementary Provisions on the Measures for Calculating Interest on Public Bonds and Discounted Public Bonds in the Soviet and Border Areas" [[80] Yin Chu Zi No. 1 Cai Pre Zi No. 1] [[80] Yin Chu Zi No. 1 Cai Pre Zi No. 1] [[80] [[80] Yin Chu Zi No. 1 Cai Pre Zi No. 1] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] [[80] The fujian provincial government bonds and discounted public bonds in the old Soviet region have a long time and a small amount of discounted public bonds, especially in the war years, the people in the old liberated areas risked their lives, saved money and used money to support the In order to take into account the interests of the masses, the following provisions are added: "The interest of the public bonds and discounted public bonds in the Soviet Border Region that have exceeded the date of repayment of principal and interest may be calculated until the date of withdrawal." "Change the previous interest calculation method: "the time of interest calculation shall be until the deadline for repayment of the principal stipulated on the coupon of the public bond". It means that interest should be calculated at the original interest rate for how long it is held, regardless of how long it is held. This decision warmed the hearts of the people in the old areas.
Friends in the financial circles who have the habits and skills of interest-bearing occupations can measure how much interest should be paid on the above-mentioned public bonds from now until today, a hundred years after the founding of the Party. Counting and paying is to keep the solemn promise of the Communist Party of China in those years, is trustworthy, and is the original intention! Regardless of the payment, it is the voluntary dedication of the people in the Soviet Union, it is willingness, and it is faith!
On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the State Bank of the Chinese Soviet Republic, I would like to use this document to the martyrs, pioneers and ancestors who fought for the financial cause of the Communist Party of China! The people of the Soviet Union who contributed to the agrarian revolutionary war!