When I was a child, there were guests from home, laughing and saying, first welcoming into the house, inviting guests to take off their shoes and sit on the kang to rest, and then brought a bowl of boiling water and put it on the edge of the kang. Between greetings, the host handed over drinks to guests from time to time.
If you are a guest, add a spoonful of sugar to the boiling water. If there is no boiling water at home, go to the neighbor's house to borrow, white sugar is generally not available at home, you have to go to the rich people's homes to borrow, fortunately there are not many distinguished guests in this.
Whether the guest is passing by or specifically visiting relatives, a bowl of boiling water is a common gift. If you go to relatives, after talking, the host will go to the kitchen to buy meals, and there will be wine on formal occasions. This is true of families, and it is true of villages.
In those days, people drank cold water from the well every day, and every day when making rice, they poured an electric pot of boiling water, which was not necessary and not lightly used, and it had to be used sparingly in winter. Drinking boiled water is a privilege that only the frail elderly, the sick, and the guests enjoy.
Whether the guest drinks or not, first bring a bowl of boiling water, even if it is placed next to it, only in this way, the guest has the dignity of being a guest, and the Lord also appears warm and courteous. In the village, there is also the magnificence of the present world on the occasion of the guest and the host.
A guest of a family, that is, a guest of a village, to borrow boiling water, there is no one who does not rush to give. When the neighbors saw the guests, they didn't know each other, and they all smiled and greeted each other, asking for warmth.
This simple hospitality, and many customs in the countryside, were later declined, and most of the guests who came to visit relatives carried their own cups, boiling water and sugar were not uncommon.
- "A Bowl of Boiling Water" (three books)
When the guests came to visit, the door was opened
/ /
《Guest Arrival》
Du fu
Hi Choi Myeong House passed
The spring water in the north and south of the house is spring water, but the flock of gulls comes day by day.
The flower path has not been swept by guests, and the Pengmen gate is now open for the king.
PanYi City is far from tasteless, and the bottle restaurant is poor and only old.
Ken drank opposite his neighbor and called out the rest of the cup from the fence.
/ /
Du Fu's poem was written during the Period of Buju's Chengdu Caotang, and according to research, it was indeed the spring of the second year (761) of the second year of Emperor Suzong of Tang. The inscription is a small note "Xi Cui Ming Fu Xiang", Ming Fu is the county order, Du Fu's mother's surname is Cui, Cui Ming Fu is his uncle's surname, not necessarily his uncle, may also be a generic name of surname. From the overflowing joy between the lines and the harmonious atmosphere of the song, it can be seen that Cui Mingfu and Du Fu have a close relationship, and there are few polite words in the poems, and there are many sincere and interesting words.
In the winter of 759, after several months of displacement, Du Fu and his family came to Chengdu, and with the help of Yan Wu and other friends, at the turn of the spring and summer of the following year, at the west end of huanhua creek, the grass hall was completed. The hut covers an area of about one acre, with a tall nan tree next to it, a well in the garden, and a pond not far in front of it, and Du Fu also planted a number of fruit trees around the hut, and also set aside another vacant land for vegetable beds and medicine beds. The village is remote, and the state affairs are far away, and he said in the poem "For the Peasants": "Buju is from the old man, and he goes to the country on credit for the peasants." "After experiencing the vicissitudes of his career and wandering in the ends of the world, at this time he was not so much a farmer as a hermit.
"Spring water is everywhere in the south and north of the house, but I see the flocks of gulls coming day by day." The first sentence not only has a beautiful sound, the spring river rises, but also makes people feel that they are on the side of the water. Across a river, I have felt two townships, not to mention the vast expanse on all sides, and there are no guests in the passage. The hut is secluded around, and here there are hermits, and some people are equal to no one, so there are flocks of gulls that come day and day. The word "but see" is slightly lonely, and it is also becoming more and more expansive. Customers do not come often, and the host does not easily extend customers.
There are no visitors, the flower path does not need to be swept frequently, a night of spring rain, Xu is full of red trails. Because Jun came, he was overjoyed, and he quickly swept the flower path and opened the door. "Pengmen is now open for the king", reading it like hearing the sound of the empty valley foot, it is beneficial to see the depth of the friendship between the two.
"Pan Pi city is far from tasteful, and the bottle restaurant is poor and only old." This is written for hospitality, only a stroke, as the title indicates, Haoxing is the joy of the guest. The remote city is far away, the family is poor and the wine is thin, and the dishes are not abundant, this is a humble word, but also the truth, the word of persuasion to drink, more intimate and simple.
"Ken drinks with his neighbor, and calls out the rest of the cup across the fence." The end of the peak of the loop, the village is full of fun. The two main and guests were drinking heavily, and Du Fuzuer consulted the guests: "Do you want to call the neighbors to drink together?" So he loudly called his neighbor to come over and drink and have fun. The sentence is in a "fence call" posture. Tao Yuanming's poem "Have fun as pleasure, fight wine and gather next to each other", which is the pleasure of drinking in this village.
Ming Wen Zhengming "Mountain Villa Guest to Map" (partial)
You are welcome to the guests, and you are reluctant to provide
/ /
"Binzhi"
Du fu
The secluded area is rarely passed, and the old patients are helped to pray again.
Is there an article that shocks the sea? Manlao chariots and horses are stationed in Jianggan.
Even the day is flooded to sit on the good guests, a hundred years of rough and rotten Confucian meals.
Don't think there is no supply in the wild, and you also come to see the medicine bar.
/ /
This poem can be read in conjunction with the Guest, each with its own intent. The guest of "Guest" is a guest who knows each other; The guest of "Binzhi" is the guest of Takasuke. There are intimate regular customers in the home, and the atmosphere of hospitality is very different from that of high-status students. Guest and guest, the literal meaning also sees the difference.
In a poetic point of view, the guest should be a person of higher status, Du Fu is not familiar with him, plus the difference in identity, so the words are very polite. Secluded and uninhabited by guests, he was a little flattered. Du Fu was nearly fifty years old at the time, frail and sickly, and the visitors needed help from others, and "prayed again", which showed the respect for his hospitality.
"Is there an article that shocks the sea? Manlao chariots and horses are stationed in Jianggan. "Presumably, your distinguished guests have trekked to Jianggan and visited with labor, and their intentions can be described as sincere." "Article" refers to poetry, which is Du Fu's habitual words, such as his poem: "The famous article is written, and the official should be old and sick." Du Fu did not have any poetic names during his lifetime, but he often discussed poetry in poetry, wrote poems to pursue words that were not surprising and endless, and said that "articles have been through the ages, and they have gained and lost every inch of their hearts." "For poetry, he has great ambitions and great loneliness.
"Even the sun drowns the guests to sit, a hundred years of rough and rotten Confucian food." Five or six sentences of full affection are still polite words. Du Fu slightly apologized for drowning the distinguished guests in the hut. "One hundred years" refers to life, and this word is also used by Du Fu, such as the poem "Ascending to the Heights": "Thousands of miles of sorrow and autumn are often guests, and more than a hundred years of illness alone on the stage." A hundred years of coarse and rotten Confucian meals, self-effacing for rotten Confucianism, often eat coarse, containing the meaning of self-harm, but also shows that the hospitality is not good, but also hope that the distinguished guests are more inclusive.
The last sentence sends guests, invites guests to come again. "I don't think there is no supply in the wild, and I still come to see the medicine bar." If you are not afraid of the poor tea in the countryside, if you are interested, please come to see the flowers again. Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Man's Village" is to go to the old friend's house as a guest, the two opened the Xuan noodle garden to talk about the wine and mulberry, unrestrained, happy and farewell, parting, Haoran said unceremoniously: "Stay until the day of Chongyang, and come to chrysanthemums." "Du Fu was humble and not humble, courteous and courteous, quite a poet, and a high-ranking temperament.
This poem is also written in a strange way, one lord and one guest, and the battle is written. The whole text is endowed with the body, directly telling the love affair, no idle scenery, reading but feeling generous and bright, bold and warm.
Ming Tang Yin's Landscape Map (Partial)
There are guests who have met, small picks of affection
/ /
《There is a guest》
Du fu
After a long time of suffering, Linjiang Bu house is new.
The hustle and bustle avoids the vulgar, and the sparseness is quite pleasant.
There were guests who passed by Mao Yu and Hu'er Zheng Ge Towel.
Self-hoe thin vegetable nails, small picks for love.
/ /
This poem was composed in the same year as the Binzhi, in the first year of the reign of Emperor Suzong of Tang (760). Du Fu and this guest were familiar and friendly, and although the hospitality was not rude, it was cordial and did not have polite words.
The first four sentences write about the situation of Buju. "Suffering qi" refers to lung disease, Linjiang Bu house, in order to be fresh in the wild and neighborly with nature. Jiangcun is far away from the hustle and bustle, the world is not worldly, there is no dust and chaos, the mood is loose, and it is quite pleasant.
The last four sentences are available. "Hu'er Zheng Ge Towel", especially like this sentence, frank state, as seen and heard. Du Fubu lived on the banks of the river, lived in the shadows, and was lazy in everything, as evidenced by poetry: "A hundred years of drunkenness, January does not comb his hair." ("Screen Traces" three of three) Today's guest, he hurriedly called out for his turban, which is the common sentiment of people, written in poetry, multiplied and vivid.
No matter who came, what embarrassed Du Fu was the meal. Secluded, poor, what to entertain guests? "Self-hoe thin vegetable nails, small picks for lovers." Grass and trees are born with nails, and vegetable nails are small vegetable seedlings. The vegetable garden has just been hoeed, the vegetable nails are still rare, pick some small, chat to treat guests, for the sake of love and affection.
I believe we all remember that Du Fu was a guest at the home of his good friend Wei Ba when he was a teenager, and that meal was so fragrant that it is still unforgettable: "The night rain cuts spring leeks, and the new cooking room yellow sorghum." The incense is not only the spring leeks and yellow sorghum, but also the memories of that day: the night rain rustling, the master braved the rain to cut spring leeks in the garden, the leeks were tender green, the stems and leaves were wet with mud, the feast was drinking tonight and night, the flickering of candlelight, the aroma of the new cooking...
The above three poems are all written about hospitality, which can be roughly imagined to see a few fragments of Du Fu's life in Caotang. The subject and the guest are different, the hospitality is different, and the appearance of the poem is different.
Yuan Anon. "Wind and Rain Map of Xiqiao" (Partial)
What is a ritual? In short, it is the expression of human feelings. All nationalities and all eras, it is inevitable for people to be the main guests of each other in the world, although the ceremonies are diverse, the purpose is to return to people's feelings. A bowl of boiling water, in my hometown, used to be the affection of people to meet each other.
In November 2019, I was hiking in the mountains of Guizhou, and the villages I passed were sparsely covered, and most of the people left behind were elderly people. At the front door of the courtyard, outside the village, but anyone who saw my old man warmly greeted me into the house to drink water. I said I had water in my backpack, and they said they would come in and drink a bowl of boiling water. While I was moved, I was surprised that Guizhou had the same customs, and the old people were still so hospitable, and it was a stranger of unknown origin.
Text/Three Books
Edit/Zhang Jin
Proofreading/Lin Zhao