Asparagus is one of the largest open-field vegetable varieties under cultivation, cultivated all over the north and south, with its young stems for consumption, is a famous health vegetable variety. Asparagus, scientific name stone cypress, is a perennial herbaceous hermaphroditic plant. Key techniques for asparagus cultivation include:
(1) Asparagus mycorrhizal seedling technology
That is, the use of nutrient bowls or burrows for fine sowing, the application of beneficial microbial mycorrhizal agents in the seedling matrix, which can not only cultivate strong seedlings, but also protect the root system from damage when colonization, shorten the slow seedling period, and promote early maturation and high yield of asparagus.
(2) Cultivation ditch deep ploughing technology
Asparagus has a long growth period, a large root system, and every year the bulbs expand horizontally, and a deep trench of 40 to 50 cm is opened before colonization, in which the plantar fertilizer and straw organic matter are applied, and then colonized, laying a good foundation for the abundant production of asparagus.
(3) Ground covering technology
In order to prevent weeds and keep warm, crushed wheat or corn straw can be covered with 2 cm or black mulch film between rows, which has the effects of water saving, fertilizer retention and grass prevention.
(4) Integrated management technology of fertilizer, water and medicine
After 1 month of colonization, combined with watering, 10 kg of urea per mu of seedling fertilization was applied. Every 1 month, 45% ternary compound fertilizer of 45% is applied once every 1 month. When fertilizing, it is 15 to 20 cm away from the asparagus, and the ditch is opened along the ridge, and the depth of the ditch is 10 cm, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch and raked in time. Before spring harvest, 2000 to 3000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of 45% ternary compound fertilizer are sprinkled between rows per mu, and 10 to 15 cm of rotary tillage is rotated. During the bamboo shoot picking period, the ternary compound fertilizer is applied 1 to 2 times, about 20 kg each time. After the end of the bamboo shoot harvest, the autumn fertilizer is re-applied, and the organic fertilizer is applied 2000 to 3000 kg per mu, and the 45% ternary compound fertilizer is 40 to 50 kg, and then applied once after 1 month. During the entire growth period of asparagus, it must be watered in time after each topdressing to melt the fertilizer and promote the absorption of the root system of asparagus as soon as possible. Water the overwintering water before the soil freezes to facilitate the safe overwintering of asparagus, and cultivate 10 cm of soil to reduce the hollow shoots in the coming year.
(5) Continuous harvesting
Generally, the first bamboo shoots can be harvested for about 30 days in the first year, and about 70 days can be harvested in the second bamboo shoot year and later. Adult shoots can be harvested for 80 to 95 days. If the mother stem method is used to harvest bamboo shoots, it is harvested twice a year, and the number of harvest days can reach more than 120 days.
(6) Select the mother stem
The first bamboo shoot picking year should determine the number of stems left in early spring according to the development status of bamboo shoots in the previous year, leaving 3 to 4 mother stems for healthy growth and 6 to 7 for poor growth. After the second bamboo shoot picking year and beyond, no mother stems are left in the spring, and after 45 days of bamboo shoots, 3 to 4 female stems are left per plant, and after the harvest is received in early to mid-August, 3 to 4 are left for autumn management.
(7) Plant management technology
Asparagus plants are tall, naturally growing at heights of more than 2 meters, and the aboveground mother stems are prone to lodging. Measures that should be taken include vertical stents to prevent lodging, thinning side branches and weak branches to increase ventilation and light transmission, removing flowers and fruits to reduce nutrient consumption, etc. In addition, it is necessary to prevent and control pests such as fourteen-point negative mud worms, aphids, beet nocturnal moths, cotton bollworms and other pests to prevent large-scale occurrence of pests and diseases.
Source: Guangming Network - Popular Science China