Tubular flower subfamily - Spotted doves
Eukaryotic domain
Plant kingdom
Angiosperm phylum
Dicotyledonous plants
Chrysanthemum
compositae
Tubular flower subfamily
Spotted dove chrysanthemum
The genus Vernonieae is a family of plants in the family Asteraceae , with 5 genera distributed in China.
1. Morphological characteristics
Herbaceous, shrub, or thin tree. The leaves are alternate, fully margined or serrated. The cephalic inflorescences are disc-shaped, with homomorphic tubular flowers, the total bracts are usually multi-layered, or dilute 2 layers, covered with tiles, grassy, dry membranous or leathery, the outer layer is tapering; The flowers are flat or slightly raised, glabrous or how much fringed; Flowers are amphoteric, all fruiting, corolla tubular, purple, reddish purple, or white, rarely golden yellow, bell-shaped eaves, with 5 lobes; The anthers have appendages at the tip, 2 shallow lobes at the base, ear-shaped, sharp, or halberd-shaped, rarely tailed; The peduncle branches are usually slender, drill-shaped or pointed at the apex, slightly hairy on the outside, and unaddled; Lean fruit cylindrical or slightly flattened, with 5-10 ribs, or with 4-5 edges; Crown hairs are hairy or patchy, 1 or 2 layers, sparse crown hairs.
2. Genus Doris
The genus Doris ( Ethulia ) is a genus of the Asteraceae family , a branching herb. There are 10 species in the genus, distributed in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa and the Americas. There is 1 species in China, distributed in Yunnan and Taiwan.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Erect herb, alternating leaves, serrated or full margin, pinnate veins. The cephalic inflorescence is small, with mostly homomorphic flowers, arranged in the inflorescence of the umbel; Total bracts bell-shaped or hemispherical; Total bracts are multi-layered, shingle-like arrangement, near-leaf, with dry membranous edges, and the outer layer is short; The flowers are flattened or slightly raised, without hairs. All are strong amphoteric flowers, corolla tubular, lilac or reddish, thin tubes, bell-shaped eaves, 5 tooth cracks at the upper end; The anthers are slightly pointed at the top and have blunt or rounded ears at the base; The peduncle is branched and filamentous, drilled at the apex, and covered with short microhairs; The fruit is inverted tower-shaped, with 4-5 thin, 6 raised ribs, glandular dots between the ribs, truncated at the apex, with a 5-shaped thick ring, no crown hairs.
(2) Toriju
Doris ( scientific name : Ethulia conyzoides ) is a plant in the genus Doris in the family Asteraceae. It is found in southern Yunnan (Menghai, Xishuangbanna) and Taiwan. It is also widely distributed in India, the Indochina Peninsula and tropical Africa. It grows at altitudes of 600 to 1,400 m above sea level, generally in ponds and rice paddies, and has not yet been cultivated by artificial introduction.
3. Genus Pterocarpus
The genus Camchaya is a genus of the Asteraceae family that is an annual herb. There are 4 species in this genus, distributed in the Indochina Peninsula. There is 1 species in China, distributed in Yunnan.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Annual upright herb. The leaves are alternate, stalked, marginally wavy or serrated, pinnate veins. The cephalic inflorescence has mostly homomorphic hermaphroditic flowers, solitary in the axils of the top or upper leaves of the stem branches, sparsely arranged in the shape of an umbel; Total bracts bell-shaped or hemispherical; Total bracts are multi-layered, shingled, grassy, extremely unequal in length, and shorter in outer layers; Flower topped flat, with a rounded fossa in the center, without pallets; The flowers are all strong, purple or lilac, the corolla is tubular, the tube is thin, and there are 5 triangular or linear lanceolate lobes at the upper end of the eaves, often with glandular hairs on the outside; The anthers are triangular at the apex, pointed, with blunt ears at the base; The peduncle is branched linearly, tapering at the apex, covered with short microhairs; Lean fruit inverted ovate or oblong ovate, slightly flattened, rounded at the apex, hairless, with 10 longitudinal ribs; Crown hairs have 1-10 hairs that are easily shed or partially shed, or no crown hairs.
(2) Wither chrysanthemum
Pinnacle ( Scientific name : Camchaya loloana ) is a plant of the genus Asteraceae in the family Asteraceae. It is found in southern Yunnan (Hekou, Simao, Jingdong, Xishuangbanna). It is also found in Thailand and Vietnam. It grows at altitudes of 540 to 1,600 m above sea level, found in forest margins, valley shrublands and sparse forests, and has not yet been cultivated by artificial introduction.
4. Genus Gallium
The genus Elephantopus is a genus of Asteraceae that is an herbaceous plant. There are about 30 species in the genus, most of which are distributed in the Americas, and a few species are distributed in tropical Africa, Asia and Oceania. There are 2 species in China, distributed in south and southwest China.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Perennial hard herb, covered with soft hairs. The leaves are alternate, sessile, or have short stalks, full margins or serrated teeth, or rarely pinnate shallow lobes, with pinnate veins. The cephalic inflorescence is mostly densely packed into spherical compound-headed inflorescences, the base of the compound-headed inflorescence is surrounded by several leaf-like bracts, with a hard inflorescence peduncle, single or arranged in an umbel-like shape at the stem and branch ends, with several flowers; The total bracts are cylindrical or oblong, slightly flattened; Total bracts 2 layers, tile-clad, cross-opposite, oblong, sharply pointed at the apex or with small spikes, 4 outer layers shorter than 4 inner layers; Flower tray is small and hairless; Flowers are all both sexes, homomorphic, strong, corolla tubular, eaves funnel-shaped, 5 lobes at the upper end, usually deep fissures on one side; The anthers are short-pointed at the apex and short arrow-shaped at the base, with blunt ears; The peduncle is branched and filamentous, slightly hairy, and the apex is drilled; The fruit is oblong, truncated at the apex, with 10 ribs, and is short and soft; The crown hairs are 1 layer with 5 stiff bristles and a broad flattened base.
(2) Ground gall grass
Gall grass (scientific name: Elephantopus scaber), also known as lamp vertical decay, bitter gall (Materia Medica), ground gall, ground gall (Guangzhou), deer ear grass (Hainan), is a plant of the genus Asteraceae. It grows at altitudes of 300 to 1,500 m above sea level and is found on roadsides, open hillsides or valley edges. Widely distributed in the Americas, Asia, Africa and tropical regions; In China, it is distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces and regions.
Edible: The root system of gall grass has a unique aroma and effect, and is mostly used as an ingredient in southern China and is widely used as a soup ingredient.
Medicinal uses: Gall bladder herb is mainly used in the root of the medicine, bitter taste, cold, with the effect of clearing heat, cool blood, detoxification, dampness, used for the treatment of colds, tonsillitis, ocular conjunctivitis, jaundice, nephritis edema, eczema, stomach disease, hepatitis, nephritis and bronchitis.
5. Pseudoterranous gall bladder genus
Pseudoelephantopus is a genus of Asteraceae. There are 1-3 species in this genus, native to the Americas, distributed in tropical America and Africa. There is 1 species in China.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Perennial herb. The stem is erect and slightly stiff. The leaves are alternate, the lowest leaves are usually dense and rosette-like, nearly sessile, fully margined or sparsely serrated, with pinnate veins; 1-6 bunches of cephalic inflorescences grow in the upper leaf axils of the stem, and are densely packed into spherical, sessile, with 4 flowers; The total bracts are oblong; The total bracts are close together, 4 layers, each layer has 1 pair, cross-growing, tile-like, the outermost 2 layers are shorter than the inner 2 layers; Flower tray is small and hairless; The flowers are amphoteric, firm, corolla tubular, with 5 shallow lobes in the upper part, the upper lobe of the upper part is palmately unfolded, and the flowering period turns to the edge of the cephalic inflorescence; The anthers are short at the apex, slightly blunt, and the base is short arrow-shaped with blunt small ears; The peduncle is slender, filamentous, hairy, pointed at the apex; The fruit is linearly oblong, flattened, with 10 ribs, and hairy; Crown hairs are few (about 5–15) of varying length and bristles, of which 2 are extremely long and often twisted at the apex.
(2) False gall grass
Elephantopus spicatus is a plant of the genus Pseudoterranaceae in the family Asteraceae. It is native to tropical America and Africa, and is found in Taiwan and Guangdong. It is also found in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. It grows mostly in grasslands and has not yet been cultivated by artificial introduction.
6. Genus Phylloscopus
The genus Vernonia , also known as Asteraceae , is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae that contains more than 1,000 species of herbs and shrubs found in the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas , Asia , and Africa. There are 27 species on the mainland, mainly distributed in the southwest, south China and southeast coastal provinces and regions. Some varieties are edible, medicinal, and have economic value. Most of the décor is purple-blue.
The genus name Vernonia is named in honor of the 17th-century British traveler and botanist William Vernon.
(1) Morphological characteristics
Herbs, shrubs or trees, and sometimes vines. Leaves are alternate, sparsely paired, usually sessile or sessile, not extended, full margin or toothed, pinnate veins, rare near the base of the three veins on both sides or below often have glands; Cephalic inflorescences are small or medium-sized, sparse, most or more arranged in conical shapes, umbels or totals, or several densely spherical, sparsely solitary, homophomoretic amphoteric flowers, flowers few to most, rare 1, all fruity; Total bracts bell-shaped, oblong-cylindrical, ovate or nearly spherical; The total bracts are loose or tight, several layers to multiple layers, shingle-like, grassy, dry or leathery, blunt at the apex, pointed to the spikes, or grassy or membranous colored appendages, tapering outwards, often glandular; Flower topin, glabrous or sparsely hairless, fossa or vesicular fossa with a coniferous edge; The flowers are pink, lilac, rarely white or golden yellow, corolla tubular, often glandular, thin tubes, bell-shaped or bell-shaped funnel-shaped eaves, with 5 lobes at the upper end; The anthers are pointed at the apex, arrow-shaped or blunt at the base, with small ears; The peduncle is thinly branched, drill-shaped, slightly pointed at the apex, and slightly hairy; The fruit is cylindrical or gyroscopic, ribbed, apically truncated, often callous callous at the base, short-haired or hairless, often glandular; Crown hairs are usually 2 layers, thin 1 layer, the inner layer is slender, rough hairy, shedding or preserved, the outer layer is very short, most or few, bristle or scaly, or sometimes no crown hairs.
(2) Spotted dove chrysanthemum
Vernonia esculenta is a plant of the genus Asteraceae, endemic to China. It is distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places in Chinese mainland, growing at altitudes of 1,000 to 2,700 meters above sea level, mostly growing in grass slope shrubland, hillside sun, valley thinning forest and forest edge, and has not yet been cultivated by artificial introduction.
It grows on hillsides, grassy slopes, shrublands, valleys or forest margins, at altitudes of 1000–2700 m [1]. Not hardy, likes to be sunny and warm; Slightly shade tolerant: the soil requirements are not strict, and the barrenness is thin. Sowing or propagation in separate plants, mostly in the spring. Strong resistance, easy cultivation.
It is found in western and southwestern Sichuan (Luding, Kangding, Hanyuan, Asbestos, Xichang, Miyi, Yanyuan, Jiulong, Mianning, Puge, Lugu, etc.), northwestern, central, eastern and southern Yunnan, southwestern Guizhou (Chengheng), western Guangxi (Longlin, Baise, Jingxi, Napo, Du'an, etc.).
Garden value: The chrysanthemum is stress-resistant, has a long flowering period, and the flowers and fruits are small and numerous. In some areas of southwest or southern China with high temperatures, it can be used as a garden ornamental tree species, and it is more suitable for cluster or piece planting.
Medicinal value: sweet taste; astringent; Cool. Detoxification and detoxification; Muscle sores. Indications for the treatment of appendicitis; Boils; Burns.
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