In October 1978, director Junichi Niuyama led a five-member film crew into an inconspicuous lane in Shanghai. This is the first Japanese documentary filmmaker to come to Shanghai to shoot after the normalization of Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations – he used the lens to photograph the daily life of residents, from vegetable farms, breakfasts, prices, to neighborhood committees, nurseries, canteens, and even the wedding feasts of ordinary people.
Fragment of "Shanghai's New Wind"
The area where this alley is located is called Zhangjiazhai.
When it was learned that Yang Jumin, a worker in the Shangmian 22 Factory, and Zhang Lijuan, an employee of the Jing'an District Clothing and Shoes and Hat Company, were going to do a wedding at the Zhangjia residence, director Niu Shan set up a camera and took a day's follow-up shooting in a new house of only 15 square meters. At that time, such a forced labor was already a spacious space that the newlyweds were quite satisfied with. You know, until 1980, the per capita living area in Shanghai was only 4.4 square meters. Zhang Lijuan can still clearly remember that this day Niu Shan Junyi followed the film from 7 o'clock in the morning to 12 o'clock in the evening. In between shots, he chatted with the citizens of the cave house, a documentary that later became titled "Shanghai's New Wind" and won a silver medal at the New York International Film Festival.
Fragment of "Shanghai's New Wind"
At about the same time, also in the Zhangjiazhai area, one day, a large truck departing from the Standard Parts Mold Factory of the Shanghai Municipal First Bureau of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, carrying a group of elated young workers, drove to Zhangjiazhai. The car drove to the intersection of Beijing West Road and stopped because the Zhangjiazhai Branch Was too narrow and the truck could not continue to drive in. The workers who delivered the good news jumped out of the car, beat gongs and drums all the way in, and walked all the way to No. 20, Rongheli, west of Zhangjiazhai, to celebrate their co-workers, this year, 21-year-old lathe worker Zou Zhenhuan was admitted to the history department of Fudan University.
As soon as Zou Zhenhuan received the admission notice, he called zou Yitao, the father of the "capital agent" who was still being put in the toilet to clean, Zou Yitao, a senior student who graduated from the economic department of Southwest United University in the past.
This is the first year of China's reform and opening up, and the second year of the restoration of the college entrance examination system. Zhangjiazhai is not the political center of Shanghai, nor has it ever been a cultural center, and it is inhabited by ordinary citizens. But it is such an ordinary street, even the most ordinary people smell, they ushered in a turning point in their own destiny - the new wind given to Shanghai by the times is indeed blowing.
The range of Zhangjia houses, there are two.
The first is the name of a large alley, which refers to an area of about 0.6 square kilometers located on Beijing West Road, Shimen 2nd Road, Xinzha Road and Taixing Road; the other is the name of a large block, which refers to the Zhangjiazhai Block (which later became the basis for the division of Zhangjiazhai Street), that is, from Chengdu North Road in the east to The surrounding area of Gordon Road (later changed to Jiangning Road) in the west, jing'an Temple Road (now Nanjing West Road) in the south, and Shanhaiguan Road on Xinzha Road in the north. The name Zhangjiazhai first appeared in the 1908 Declaration, or was named after a Zhangjiazhaibang (filled in in 1931) that had been in the area.
Interestingly, the Zhangjiazhai area once had another name – Wang Jiaxuan. After 1843, the British colonialists crossed the border to build roads, and Insason B&C bought land to build dozens of British houses. Before the expansion of the concession, Cheng Jinxuan, a large shanghai real estate developer, purchased a large amount of land around 1900 and built garden houses and lane houses on both sides of Kade Road (now Shimen 2nd Road). Bounded by Shimen 2nd Road, the east side of the road is called Dongwang Jia Kui, and the west side of the road is called West Wang Jia Kui.
However, people used to call the east of Kade Road "East Wang Jia Hui Garden Lane" (now Lane 605 west of Beijing Road, later referred to as "East King"); The west was "Xiwang Jiahui Garden Lane" (now Lane 707 West Beijing Road, abbreviated as "Xiwang"). According to the Shanghai Dictionary, Wang Jia's general range is centered on Jing'an Temple Road and Kade Road, east to Datian Road, west to Medhurst Road (later known as Taixing Road), south to Jing'an Temple Road and Fengyang Road, and north to Avenue Road (changed to Beijing West Road in 1945). The spaces of Wang Jiahui and Zhangjiazhai basically overlapped, but the center was slightly different, the latter was no longer Kade Road and Jing'an Temple Road, but moved about 300 meters to the northwest, that is, the later Aiwenyi Road (now Beijing West Road) Zhangjiazhai Road centered.
ZhangJiazhai and Wang Jiazhuo on the map
As time passed, Wang Jiazhuo's name was gradually forgotten and replaced by the name of Zhang Jiazhai. With the disappearance of Zhangjiazhai, the only historical trace left in the territory today is today's famous dim sum shop Wang Jiasha.
The first half of the area's prosperity witnessed the legend of Shanghai's adventurers in the 1920s and 1930s.
In 1932, Xie Baosheng and Ma Yanqing founded The Card Pond (also known as the Card Pool Bath or The Card Bath) at the corner of the new gate road on Card Road. Cheng Jinxuan also built the most advanced and fashionable nine-story British apartment building with elevator at the intersection of Jing'an Temple Road and Cade Road, named after the English name "Denis" of Cheng's grandson, transliterated as "Deyi Building". In the 1920s, he built a seven-storey apartment on the east side of Kad Road (Shimen 2nd Road), called the Kad Building, as the residence of senior police officers in the British Concession. As a result, Kade Road has gradually become the most prosperous street near zhangjiazhai neighborhood.
Yucai Middle School, at the east end of present-day Shimen 2nd Road, was founded in 1901 by the wealthy British Jewish businessman Kadoorie on Baike Road (now Fengyang Road) in Shanghai, then known as Yucai Book Club. In 1909, the Ministry of Works agreed to set up the West District Huatong Public School, and in 1910, Kadoorie invested 25,000 taels of silver, purchased 10 acres of land at the junction of Shanhaiguan Road and Kade Road, and built a three-story teaching building with a playground. After the completion in 1912, the Yucai Book Club was moved to the new school site and handed over to the management of the Ministry of Works bureau, named the Ministry of Works Bureau Li Yucai Public School, the predecessor of Yucai Middle School, which was dedicated to taking day students and creating a new style of school in Shanghai.
Around 1929, when a financial crisis broke out and the Cheng family lost speculation, Cheng Jinxuan's eldest grandson, Cheng Yize, paid off his debts after bidding on the garden house at No. 306 Mathesi Tuo Road (now Taixing Road), and was converted into an entertainment venue by gao Xinbao, a member of the Qing gang, and named "Lido Garden Dance Hall". After the ups and downs, the prosperity is like smoke clouds gathering and dispersing.
In Shanghai, a ningbo man who migrated to Ningbo also experienced a low ebb.
The Zou family, which has been doing business in Ningbo, has been passed down to the Zou Chun branch, and it is almost impossible to continue. Zou Chun died of illness at the age of 41, leaving behind a number of minor children. Among them, the eldest son, Zou Jingru (Zi Meisun), was only 18 years old, alone, and went north to make his uncle who made wood, and the younger brothers in their teens at the bottom were entrusted with apprenticeships. The youngest two children were sent directly to the orphanage. The third son, Zou Xingru (Zi Chunsun), went to Shanghai at the age of 13 to work as an apprentice. In the case of the heavens and the other, the brotherhood and sisterhood have become stronger.
With the diligence of Ningbo merchants, the eldest son Zou Jingru gradually established himself in Tianjin and became a successful businessman with many children. The third son, Zou Xingru (Zi Chunsun), worked as a salesman for The Sanyou Industrial Company in Shanghai, and then later set up a company, invested in business, and became an industrialist with a good life. But what bothered Zou Xingru was that the couple was over thirty years old, but nothing came out. Knowing his brother's difficulties, Zou Jingru decided to send his child, who would be born in 1935, as a gift to Shanghai and pass it on to Zou Xingru and his wife.
In this way, in the early spring of 1935, zou Jingru's wife, who was pregnant with Liujia, took a train from Tianjin to Shanghai, and on August 31, she gave birth to a baby boy and became the adopted son of Zou Xingru and his wife. This child was Zou Yilin, a professor at Fudan University and an expert in historical geography.
If there is no accident, Zou Yilin, as the only heir of Zou Xingru, will inherit the family's company and engage in commercial operations. In order to ensure the smooth growth of this hard-won boy, the family first lived in Zhabei. In 1937, 1933, Zhabei was bombed by the Japanese army, and the family fled to Fukangli, Xinzha Road, and by 1941, the family moved to No. 46 Dadri, Lane 727, Jiangning Road (then known as Gordon Road) in the Zhangjiazhai area.
The time when the small family took refuge was also the time when the Zhang family's house was robbed.
Zhangjiazhai's former lively summer film theater was once used as a refugee camp. With the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese took over the Summer Film Theater, which was run by the pseudo-Chinese Film Company. Gao Xinbao, who was in charge of the stage of Lido Garden, was assassinated by the traitors. All the properties of the Kadoorie family in Shanghai fell into the hands of the Japanese, and Kadoorie died in the Japanese concentration camps.
At this time, it was also the time when Zou Yilin's brother, Zou Jingru's eldest son Zou Yitao, who was far away in Kunming, and countless enthusiastic young people threw pens to serve the country from Rong. Zou Yitao was admitted to the Economics Department of Southwest United University in 1940, and a year later the Pacific War broke out, and at the climax of the United Nations University students' pen and pen submission, he signed up for the fourth field service group translation training class. This training course was specially designed to cooperate with the work of aiding the Chinese, British, and American allies, and recruited graduates from grammar schools of universities across the country and students of the second grade or above of the Department of Foreign Languages, as well as students with better English to enlist for one year of service. Zou Yitao enlisted in the army as a translator, and the object of his service was the famous American volunteer aviation brigade, that is, the Flying Tigers.
The hearts of intellectual youth are linked to the fate of their home country. Zou Yitao thought about many possibilities in the future, but he thought that the war stirred the fate of countless people, and he and his descendants would be connected with this neighborhood called Zhangjiazhai in distant Shanghai.
In 1943, Zou Yitao returned to school to continue his studies, and in July 1945, he obtained a bachelor's degree in economics, and after graduation, he entered the General Administration of Rehabilitation and Relief of the Executive Yuan established by the National Government. In 1947, the task of the General Administration was completed, and the Hangzhou Zhejiang-Fujian Branch where Zou Yitao was working at the time was dissolved, and he and his wife left Zhejiang for Shanghai.
It is precisely because of the family ties that when Zou Yitao and his wife came to Shanghai, they worked as Xiangli at Zou Xingru's Jinguo Department Store and stayed next to them in the Zhangjiazhai area. Zou Yitao's house is located at No. 20 Rongheli in the west of Zhangjiazhai. Built around 1925, this is a Piece of Shikumen building that is somewhere between the old-fashioned Shikumen and the new-style Shikumen, with both wooden window layouts and en-suite facilities and spacious patios, with internal facilities superior to the same batch of buildings built in the surrounding period.
In 1957, 10 years after Zou Yitao and his wife arrived in Shanghai, Zou Zhenhuan was born in Zhangjiazhai. Due to the influence of the times, Zou Yilin could not inherit the family business to continue the life of the second generation of the rich, and the only way left was to study. That is, in 1957, after graduating from Shandong University, Zou Yilin, who worked at the Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, came to Shanghai with Professor Tan Qijun to participate in the compilation of the "Historical Atlas of China". Family members scattered around the war reconnect in the great rivers of Shanghai. But what awaited them was another separation.
At the beginning of the public-private partnership, Jinguo Department Store was merged into the Asian Weaving Factory, and although Zou Yitao went to the factory to work as a clerk, he was positioned as an agent of the capital, and since then the fate of a patriotic and knowledgeable youth has been labeled as an alternative political label. He became the object of dictatorship in the factory, and since then, he has not been spared any hard work such as cleaning toilets.
Zou Yilin's father, Zou Xingru, was imprisoned in the factory, and many of the interrogators were in accordance with the tradition of Yongshang, and he personally accepted the invitation of relatives and friends, brought them from Ningbo, and followed his students' wishes. When the political movement arrived, Although Zou Xingru was not yet fifty years old, he was already frightened and scattered. The traditional code of ethics, the camaraderie, is no longer applicable. The capitalists of the older faction, who started as apprentices, now have no way out except to retire and return home.
In 1960, Zou Yitao and Zou Yilin's biological father, Zou Jingru, died in Tianjin. In 1966, Zou Xingru's home was raided, and the mahogany furniture, sofas, and even pots were copied and smashed, and the family did not even have a table for eating and a stool to sit on. In 1971, Zou Xingru, who had been walking on thin ice, died of a myocardial infarction.
After his father's death, Zou Yilin also fell ill for more than a year. By this time he had three children, all in shabby clothes, and his daughter, who had gone to junior high school, was wearing pants with two large patches on her butt. Zou Yilin saw the pain, but he could only carefully bury his head in the university and try his best to stay away from politics.
Until 1978, his son Zou Zhenhuan opened the phone and told him that he was admitted to Fudan University that Zou Yitao was still cleaning the toilet. But this phone call made the old college student who graduated from Southwest United University see some kind of hope, and the burden that was imposed on him could be put down. Also in October of that year, Zou Yilin was promoted to lecturer, ending a 22-year teaching assistant career. Two years later, he was promoted to associate professor and, in 1982, became deputy director of the Institute of Historical Geography.
In Zou Yilin's memoirs, it is recorded that the eldest brother Zou Yitao's most enjoyable thing in his later years: one day, two Greek crew members passed by the factory gate and asked the doorman about the way to the hotel. For a while, the news that Zou Yitao could speak foreign languages transmitted from the guard room to the office of the factory leader. Perhaps because he caught up with the era when the whole people learned English in make-up classes, Zou Yitao was taken to the factory school to teach English, and ended the hard labor. Zou Yilin said: "The reason why we, the leaders of Zou Jiayi's generation, regard the English teaching position of a factory school as the brightest highlight of his life, I think it is because the dark night road he has walked is too long." ”
Looking at Zhangjiazhai from 1978, it is the end of a period of history.
Zou Yitao spent the last days of his life in Zhangjiazhai. After his rehabilitation, as an English teacher, he had a renewed opportunity to use the foreign language he was familiar with as a young man. Zou Zhenhuan studied in Fudan, stayed in school after graduation, and later became an expert in the history of translation and publication, and was a professor at Fudan University with Zou Yilin's uncle and nephew, which was a good story for a while.
Zou Zhenhuan, born in 1957, is a professor in the Department of History of Fudan University and an expert in the history of translation and publication. In 1999, his doctoral thesis "The Spread and Influence of Western Geography in China in the Late Qing Dynasty" was selected as one of the 100 Outstanding Doctoral Theses in China in 2001. In 1997, "100 Translations That Influenced Modern Chinese Society" won the "Society Award" of the first Shanghai Historical Society.
After leaving Zhangjiazhai, director Junichi Ushiyama held Sino-Japanese television exchange activities in Shanghai and Japan. Later, in the second and sixth Shanghai TV Festivals, Mr. Niu Shan came to Shanghai twice, and each time he had to meet with Yang Jumin and his wife.
Facing the spring breeze of reform and opening up, Yang Jumin and Zhang Lijuan opened a cleaning company, leaving the European style of only 15 square meters and owning a two-bedroom house. In 1998, they met with director Niu Shan to let Mr. Niu Shan, who had come to the Shanghai TV Festival International Film and Television Masterpieces Exhibition "Niu Shan Junichi Special Session", to see their new home and see that the vision of that night 20 years ago had become a reality. However, they did not expect that because of the death of Mr. Ushiyama, this special exhibition became a memorial exhibition for the director.
In 1992, Zou Yilin left the Zhangjia mansion where he had lived for 51 years. If there is no change in the era of the teenager, according to the high probability, he, as the only heir of Zou Xingru, should have entered the business world and become a boss. Fate ticked his tracks, sometimes leaving gifts, such as contributing a professor to academia.
In 2001, with the relocation, Zou Zhenhuan's family also left Zhangjiazhai. In the same year, the Card Bathroom, which had been renamed Hujiang Bath, was demolished along with the transformation of Zhangjiazhai Block. Soon after, the once strange residential area became a construction site, and new buildings were erected, and the legends of the heroes and countless ordinary people who had occurred here were scattered.
Later, when collecting Shanghai materials, the Shanghai Audio-Visual Archives once developed the program resources of the city's five radio and television stations for the second time, so that many old programs "came back to life" and rejuvenated. In the collation, the data personnel found a record of the Zhangjiazhai area of the city from a feature film "Shanghai New Wind" filmed by the famous Japanese documentary filmmaker Junichi Ushiyama in Shanghai 20 years ago. Feeling that the content was vivid and informative, they immediately reproduced and edited this valuable material. Later, Shanghai Television used these materials to make a documentary "Shanghai Zhangjiazhai 1978-1998", 20 years ago Zhangjiazhai and 20 years later Zhangjiazhai focused in the film, forming a strong contrast, because it vividly reflects the great changes in Shanghai's reform and opening up in the past 20 years, and won the first prize of the highest award of China's foreign television program "Rainbow Award".
1998, 1978, two historical nodes.
More than two decades have passed since 1998. From 1978 onwards, thirty years ago, in 1948, on the eve of the Pingjin Campaign, the Zou Jingru family in Tianjin brought relatives and friends, asked many people, and used a lot of gold before trying to find a way to return to Ningbo. After many years of loss and absence from Yong when they were young, in fact, for them, there are no immediate relatives in ningbo, and the old house has no trace. But in the event of a crisis, almost subconsciously, they first thought of returning to their hometown to find shelter.
Zou Jing's concept of returning to the roots was deeply rooted, and after returning to Ningbo, he planned to buy land and build a house, which coincided with the Kuomintang bombing of the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the workers did not start work during the day and rushed to work all night, named Chunlu in the name of his grandfather who died early. Several brothers raised funds to open a Kowloon silk cloth village on Ningbo North Avenue, and the result of the huge momentum was to attract masked robbers in the years of chaos. The men, women and children of the family were locked up in the firewood house, rummaged through the boxes and cabinets, and looted. But then the robbers were disappointed to find that they had nothing but a little bracelet necklace, because the family had spent all their savings after going south to buy tickets, buy houses and open stores.
Years later, the brothers of the Yizi generation talked about the old family affairs, and they all felt that Zou Jingru had made a mistake in returning to Ningbo from Tianjin, but he was the eldest, so several younger brothers were accustomed to obeying him. At that time, Zou Jingru's company in Tianjin was in a prosperous area, although the business was prosperous, but Zou Jingru was unwilling to increase the number of employees and expand the business, usually took care of the clerks, and was not allowed to go out. Self-made ningbo old-fashioned businessmen, adhering to tradition, self-discipline, no political vision, no modern business philosophy. Zou Yilin concluded that "the decline of the Zou family, although there are external factors for changes in the situation, there are also limitations in itself."