Explore the squid –
squid? Soft fish? Gun squid?
Let's start with the scientific name:
As mentioned in the first article , the closed-eye suborder / Myopsina and the open-eye suborder / Oegopsina , which previously belonged to the order Lancet ( or Squid ) / Teuthida , have now been elevated to the order WoRMS. In fact, this change has been carried out by many scholars as early as the end of the last century, such as Richard E. Young in 1998, who observed that the two belong to convergent evolution in the evolutionary tree. Therefore, it is more intuitive to use the generalization of the gun type order, coupled with the lagging spread of unpopular scholarship, many people still follow the second classification system of Gilbert L. Voss in 1973 - the closed eye suborder and the open eye suborder under the gun type order.
Of course, it may be premature to agree to the new classification right away, after all, the evolutionary tree has not yet fully reached the consensus of scholars.
Traditional cephalopod classification, pictured from mini's life exercises
Although closed eyes and open eyes are not the same evolutionary branch in terms of traceability, the two do look very similar, and people are generally called squid.
So how do you distinguish between these two types of squid?
1, the biggest difference is obviously the "open" and "closed" of the eyes. The so-called opening and closing actually means that the orbit is not covered with cornea! If there is a closed eye, there is no eye opening.
The cornea of closed cephalopods is very similar to the human cornea, and also has the effect of protecting the eyeball and refracting light, so the closed eye class that is located on the coastal seabed has many corneas, and the open eye that lives in the deep sea does not need it.
Squid eyes with cephalopod eyes, self-compiled
2. Most of the closed-eye meat fins are relatively long, often exceeding 1/2 of the carcass length; most of the open-eye species are less than 1/3 of the carcass length, with the exception of a few such as diamond fin squid. In addition to the circumferential fin-shaped pseudo-squid, diamondfin squid, etc., the end fins of the two types of squid are mostly diamond-shaped, among them, the open-eye class is mainly transverse diamond-shaped, and the bottom fin is connected; the closed-eye class is longitudinal diamond-shaped, and the carcass tail is protruding; at first glance, the longitudinal diamond-shaped is still very similar to the head of the long gun in the past, so there is a gun squid. In addition, some of the open-eye suction cups have specialized into barbed spines, while the closed-eye types have almost none. In terms of the inner shell, the open eye class is also more narrow than the closed eye class.
In addition, open-eye species usually have 2 fallopian tubes, while closed-eye classes usually have only 1.
Comparison of closed-eye and open-eye features, self-compiled
Next, according to the new classification, the common squid is generalized, especially the most common gun squid and soft fish in the market.
It must be emphasized that there is a serious phenomenon of "allogeneic" or "heterogeneous" in squid! That is to say, by visual inspection alone, it is impossible for ordinary people to easily identify the level of "species", and even morphological experts may not be stable! DNA sequencing is nonsense for the average citizen, so, in general, we can only do generalizations.
New classification of closed eyes and open eyes, self-compiled
<h1 style="text-align: center;"> is first of all closed eyes</h1>
Myopsida, also known as The Order Officiae, has 2 families, namely the Squididae and the Squididae.
[Ultraman] Why is it called a lock tube? The 1720 Chronicle of Taiwan County explained it like this: The lock pipe, straight and round, is like a lock tube; this latter lock tube should refer to an ancient class of nearly round locks, when it is inserted with a long strip key, the structure is just like the long strip of inner shell located in the gun squid carcass, so it is called a lock tube.
Approximate origin of the name of the lock pipe, the figure is self-compiled
The name of the lock pipe is mainly popular in Taiwan, the province generally calls the gun squid with a length of 15-30 cm as the lock tube, the middle roll or the translucency (the translucency sometimes refers to the sword tip tail gun squid); less than 15 cm is called the small tube or small roll, less than 3 cm is even called rotten flow; in some places, the lock tube is also called the gun barrel, the gun barrel is also small, medium and large, more than 30 or 40 cm is called a cannon. Squid generally refers to open eyes, such as Pacific fold soft fish, Argentine smooth soft fish and so on.
Among gun squid, males are usually larger than females.
Headfoots are commonly compared with lighters in the Taiwan market, and are processed from the Times illustrations
Australiteuthidae, currently only australiteuthis aldrichi. This squid has not yet been observed alive, and all dead bodies are particularly small, mature female carcass length is not even more than 3 cm; amazingly, such a small size, but it has a unique funnel, end fin, ink sac, etc., very valuable for research. Its nickname is Frederick Allen Aldrich (1927–1991), a distinguished professor of marine biology at Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada, but the earliest descriptor was Chung Cheng Lu, 2005.
Australiteuthis aldrichi: There is only one kind of a subject, the figure is self-compiled
There are currently 47 species in 10 genera and 47 species, mainly in the coastal and continental shelf waters. The lifespan is generally not more than 3 years, and most species in the Indo-West Pacific are not even less than 1 year. The whole staff of the department implements a sexual openness strategy, although the male can be merciful everywhere, but often mate a few times to hang up, and the female will also be killed after laying eggs, and some even have time to protect the eggs... Despite the flash of age, the gun squid has almost no whiteness time, as long as the environment is suitable and the food is sufficient, it can develop from the egg sac to an adult of 40 cm or even 50 cm long and weighing more than 4 kg in 8 months.
On June 2, 2005, Japanese fishing friend Katsu Uchida also fished for a large soft filament weighing 4.15 kilograms and 50 centimeters long on Kazu Island, which was only about 240 days long when pushed back by the homeostasis stone.
Squid life cycle, translated from Justin Hofman
Of the world's cephalopod catches, squid produce much higher than other subjects, and of the 47 species of gun squid, these three are the most famous: Loligo vulgaris (European squid), Loligo forbesii (Veined squid), and Doryteuthis pealeii (longfin inshore squid), all of which are distributed in the Atlantic Ocean.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the most abundant cephalopod species in recent years is the American giant squid.
L. forbesii is also known as Foch's gun squid; ordinary gun squid generally does not have the word gun. The figure is self-compiled
There are about 12 kinds of gun squid in Chinese waters, of which 5 are the most economically valuable, including the Chinese tail gun squid, the sword tip tail gun squid, the Du's tail gun squid, the Japanese small gun squid and the musket squid.
Gun squid commonly seen along the coast of China, self-compiled
Chinese tail gun squid / Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, also known as Chinese gun squid, Local squid, Taiwan lock tube, long barrel squid, rocket squid, etc., English Mitre squid. It is mainly distributed in the Penghu Islands, the waters of southern Fujian, around Hainan Island, and the Beibu Gulf of Guangxi, and the peak period of infestation is from April to June. Common carcasses are 20 cm long and the longest recorded is 49 cm (male, FAO data). The meat is tender and sweet, suitable for stir-frying or raw food, and its dried products are recognized as top-notch.
Identification of Chinese tail gun squid, self-compiled
Why not call it Chinese gun squid /Loligo chinensis?
This is because the 10 gun squid in the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean are obviously more than the three kinds of gun squid in the Atlantic Ocean, so since 2011, some scholars have advocated that these 10 gun squid be classified as the only genus of the gun squid established in 1945, the only genus of the luminous tail gun squid genus / Uroteuthis, and then in 2016 merged into the 1984 (luminous) subgenus (luminous) added due to the difference in the peritoneal convexity of the stemmed carp.
Genus Squid, self-edited
Sword-tailed gun squid / Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, aka true lock tube, transjector, drag squid, etc., English Wordtip squid. The Taiwan Strait is the most distributed, and it can also be seen in japan, the Philippines and other waters, and the peak production period is from June to August, during which you can see the dense collection of fish lanterns at night. Common carcass length 15-25 cm in the market, up to 50.2 cm (male, FAO data). The permeable pump is brownish red in the water and gradually fades after leaving the water. The meat is thick and often cut horizontally into circles for three cups or teppanyaki dishes.
Identification of squid with a sword tip and tail gun, self-compiled picture
Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii, aka Oshima lock tube, English Indian squid. It is mainly distributed in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, and the East China Sea is also becoming more and more common. Common carcasses are 15 cm long, medium type, up to 33 cm long (male, FAO data). Since the 1980s, catches have been increasing in China's waters.
Du's tail gun squid identification, self-edited
Japanese small gun squid / Loliolus (Nipponololigo) japonica, also known as cuttlefish boy, pen tube, zi wu, etc., is mainly distributed in the Yellow Sea, and the South China Sea is also found from time to time. The body surface has nearly round pigment spots of similar sizes, and the back of the eye has dense purple spots; the common carcass is 10 cm long and up to 15 cm (sex is not reported, FAO data). Although small in size, it is very large in number and tender and delicious meat, which is an important fishing object in the Yellow Sea.
Because of its extremely fast escape speed, some areas in Shandong, such as Qingdao, are also known as sea rabbits.
Identification of Japanese small gun squid, self-compiled
Musket squid / Loliolus (Nipponololigo) beka, commonly known as squid, ghost arch, water rabbit, sea rabbit and so on. It is mainly distributed in the southern waters of the Japanese archipelago, which can be seen off the coast of China, but is the most prosperous in the Bohai Sea. The carcass length is generally not more than 10 cm, and the maximum carcass length of the female is 8.7 cm (FAO data). Although the production is large, the value of the commodity is low, and it is often caught as fish bait.
Because it is often caught with the Japanese small gun squid, and it is a small squid, it is also a common name for the sea rabbit, but it should be noted that the real sea hare generally refers to the sea slug, and here the added child is used to show the difference.
Musket squid identification, self-compiled figure
Seeded squid cubs?
I like to eat snacks, used to buy squid fillets, squid razor on the Internet, especially with seeds squid, always feel so many seeds, must be fresh and sweet, but then the more I think about it, the more wrong, is it possible for squid to have so many seeds? What about the other organs?
In fact, this kind of squid should be a small gun squid commonly known as the sea rabbit, and the so-called "with seeds" - "with seeds" is a routine! Squid egg sacs do not attach to the body at all. This kind of snacking practice is actually to chop the head of the small gun squid, season, and then stuff it into the carcass for smoking, and the more conscientious one may be replaced by cod roe, but the price is not cheap.
Squid with seeds, self-compiled
Ley's pseudo-squid /Sepioteuthis lessoniana, commonly known as big-tailed squid, spoon, soft silk or soft ink, etc., English Bigfin reef squid. Widely distributed in the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean, not only new Zealand, Australia's northern coast can be seen, the Mediterranean Sea is also often caught, so widely has produced two shapes! Because of the wide flesh fin, it is called pseudo-squid, it is said that the difference between the sexes of the pseudo-squid is more significant, the female body surface is usually covered with nearly round pigment spots of different sizes, the male carcass back has intermittent horizontal stripes, there are about 10 thick spots on both sides; the carcass length is 20-30 cm, the maximum is 42.2 cm (male, FAO data).
Although the soft silk distribution is widespread and the growth rate is super fast, it is delicious, the meat is tender, and it is even more well-known to make sashimi, and it is widely captured, and the natural price is very expensive in short supply.
Ley's pseudo-squid is a kind of gun squid that is easily recognizable, in addition to the identification guide in the picture below, there are green, complex mating behaviors around the eyes, etc.
Raishi pseudo-squid identification, self-edited
The finale is in the next article.