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Fish farming, first of all, involves the question of how many seeds are stocked, many people are asking and often asking: what kind of fish is good to feed? How many fish are appropriate to put? Some people even ask what breed is the most profitable? Or what fish is best and easiest to raise? Wait, these questions are the worst thing to say because there are no cookie-cutter formulas or standard answers to apply. Therefore, here is a special reminder: this article is only based on the level of ordinary conventional breeding, high-density intensive breeding is not within the scope of this article, for reference only!
1. Prerequisites
Each fish farming equipment and its conditions vary widely, and the climate of the region varies from place to place, depending on how well your entire planning and design matches the actual situation.
Is the fish farming equipment and its fish pond design configuration (area, water depth, etc.) perfect?
What is the level of technological maturity?
Is the funding strong?
Is it intensive or extensive?
Feed the concentrate or feed the grain?
Feeding the fish or feeding occasionally?
People do not feed pure ecological breeding, or do they have to fertilize or feed?
Is water quality good or bad?
Is there enough water?
What fish are dominant (regular or famous)?
Is it equipped with ancillary equipment such as aeration?
What is the tenacity of the human mind?
Consumption habits and market conditions vary from place to place!
Wait a minute.
There are many and wide and chaotic aspects, and they cannot be set in stone and cannot be generalized.
Second, the principle of seed stocking
The specific stocking density is determined and mastered by a variety of factors such as the level of technology, the abundance of funds, and the quality of pond conditions. The experience summarized in production practice is:
More concentrates are fed in intensive (professional) mode, and less is fed in coarse (non-professional) mode.
Small fish are more abundant, and large fish are less so.
Ordinary fish are more put, and famous fish are less.
The water depth is more and the water is shallow.
The main fish are more stocked, and the fish are raised less.
Ponds in good condition are more likely to be placed.
Put more bait and fertilizer.
There are aerators and high levels of breeding technology can be more. Otherwise, the stocking density should be diluted and less released.
More places with good conditions and complete facilities, and less releases with poor conditions and lack of water.
In addition, in addition to the above-mentioned contents, the problem of seed stocking is also related to various aspects such as "polyculture of fish", "feeding habits of fish", "rotation and release". The "polyculture" of fish is a three-dimensional ecological and environmental protection project: grass carp remove weeds from ponds, silver carp is a water quality cleaner, carp and green fish eat snail mussels, and carnivorous fish eliminate wild trash fish and diseased fish. All kinds of fish live in their respective water layers to give full play to the maximum effect of the pond water. Polyculture should be based on the different feeding habits of fish, choose species that do not compete with each other and are mutually beneficial, in order to achieve good results.
Third, the method of determining the stocking density
Stocking density is related to environmental factors, feed conditions, fingerling species and sizes, and has a lot of flexibility. In addition, empirical methods are also important. When determining stocking density, factors such as stocking density, growth status and commercial fish production of seed over the years can be taken into account.
If the fish farming experience is rich, the technical level is high, the fish farming equipment conditions are better, there is a suitable and sufficient compound feed, the management is meticulous, the pumping machine and the aerator and the intelligent equipment are available, the psychological quality is good, and there is no rush, as long as the stocking density does not exceed the maximum fish load capacity (that is, the total amount of fish in the pond or cage when the fish stop growing), the stocking density can be released.
If the fish grow well, the unit yield is high, the floating head is not many times and not serious, and the bait coefficient is lower than or equal to the general level, indicating that the stocking density is reasonable; If the fish grow poorly, often floating heads and are serious, and the size of the pond is small, and the bait coefficient is high, it proves that the density is too large and the density should be appropriately reduced.
The bait coefficient is not as low as possible, but also depends on the quality of the output efficiency, for example: in the case of thin breeding, the bait coefficient is low, but the yield is not necessarily high. The fish has not been floating or normal, indicating that the density is too thin, and the yield is low and the benefit is slight. If the size of the fish out of the pond is too large, the yield per unit area is low, and the overall benefit is also low, it also indicates that the stocking amount is too dilute, and the stocking amount must be appropriately increased.
Third, for example, take only conventional fish as an example.
1. Grass carp
Grass carp grows quickly and is one of the fastest growing species in inland waters. Grass carp, as the name suggests, takes grass as the main food, and in the natural state, adult fish are mainly draught grass, which is a typical herbivorous fish. Grass carp are meso-pelagic fish that grow rapidly and have a wide range of feed sources.
Stocking per mu of grass carp as the main fish culture:
Human stocking: 50-100 grass carp. Can be bred: 100-200 crucian carp, 20-30 silver carp, 10-20 carp, 20-50 carp, 5-10 bluefish, other fish....
Extensive culture: 500-800 grass carp. Can be bred: 300-500 crucian carp, 100-200 silver carp, 30-50 carp, 100-200 carp, 10-20 bluefish, other fish....
Professional intensive culture: 1000-1500 grass carp. Can be bred: 500-1000 crucian carp, 200-300 silver carp, 50-100 carp, 200-300 carp, 30-50 bluefish, other fish....
Under normal circumstances, when grass carp is mainly raised, the total amount of stocking per mu throughout the year should generally not exceed 1000 fish, the non-rotational rearing should not exceed 600-800 fish, and 50-100 fish should be used when polyculture.
2. Crucian carp
Crucian carp is a small fish, tolerant to low oxygen, heterogeneous food, and slow growth rate. There are many kinds of crucian carp, high-quality crucian carp must have more than 29 pieces (pieces) of scales, more than 35 pieces (pieces) of scales or more, if less than or equal to 28 pieces of (pieces) scales, it is earth crucian carp or at least inferior crucian carp, in short, the more the number of lateral scales of crucian carp, the better the longer.
Stocking per mu of crucian carp as the main fish farming:
People stock: 300-500 crucian carp. Can be bred: 20 silver carp, 10 silver carp, 5-10 bluefish, other fish...
Extensive extensive culture: crucian carp 1000-2000. Can be bred: 100-200 silver carp, 30-50 silver carp, 10-20 bluefish, other fish....
Professional intensive culture: crucian carp 3000-5000 fish. Can be bred: 150-300 silver carp, 50-100 silver carp, 30-50 bluefish, other fish....
When raising crucian carp, it is generally not advisable to mix carp, grass carp and other large-sized and predatory fish. Crucian carp eats Sven, therefore, polyculture carp and grass carp are not supported.
3. Carp
Carp, typical carp of the Cyprinid family, belongs to the demersal fish, meat and vegetarian food, eat miscellaneous food, large amount of food, for the Chinese people common common fish species.
Stocking per mu of carp-based fish farming:
Human stocking: 100-200 carp. Can be bred: 100-200 crucian carp, 20-30 silver carp, 10-20 carp, grass carp 20-50, bluefish 5-10, other fish....
Extensive rearing: 500-800 carp. Can be bred: 300-500 crucian carp, 100-200 silver carp, 30-50 carp, grass carp 100-200, bluefish 10-20, other fish....
Professional intensive culture: 1000-2000 carp. Can be bred: 500-1000 crucian carp, 200-300 silver carp, 50-100 carp, 200-300 grass carp, 30-50 bluefish, other fish....
Polyculture of a certain number of carp (such as 50-100 fish per acre) has benefits, because the carp is a typical bottom fish, the tone is downward like a kissing mouth, and there is a habit of digging mud to eat scavenger, we can make full use of its "digging mud" characteristics to flip and decompose the bottom silt, so as to achieve a certain "bottom change" effect.
4. Other types
(1) Tuantou bream (Wuchang fish), also commonly known as "bream", food with grass fish, omnivorous and herbivorous fish, when the main breeding of Wuchang fish, mu put 1000-1500 tails, with fish breeding reference as above.
Compared with grass carp, Wuchang fish is slightly less tolerant of low oxygen, and the feeding ability and intensity are lower than those of grass carp, so it is best not to polyculture grass carp when the main group head bream is raised.
(2) Yellow spicy ding, yellow rating, also known as ang thorn fish, yellow bone fish and other names, belongs to small fish, small head, high meat yield, no intermuscular thorns, slow growth. When the main rearing of yellow jaw fish, 5000-10000 fish per mu, the fish culture refer to the above.
(3) Bluefish, also known as green sticks, snail green, the main culture of blue fish 800-1500 fish, with reference to the above. In addition, although the bluefish eat both feed and snail mussels, thinking that they want to eat fish, there is no basis or literature and records of the discovery of the bluefish eating fish.
Taking advantage of the fact that bluefish are particularly fond of eating aquatic animals with shells (such as snails, mussel shells, lobsters, etc.), polyculture (nesting) of bluefish is particularly advocated, which can not only control the consumption of nutrients and oxygen by the large reproduction of benthic animals, but also reduce their transmission of diseases as hosts (such as trematodes). The amount of mu set culture is generally 20 to 50 fish, and the first polyculture of bluefish in the pond can be 100 to 200 per mu.
(4) Silver carp, referring to the two kinds of fish of silver carp and silver carp, is a typical filter feeding fish, which is conducive to purifying water bodies and regulating water quality with magical effects.
When the main breeding of silver carp (silver carp), most of them are mainly raised, generally 500-800 per acre, with 100-150 silver carp.
There are very few silver carp breeding, and there is a special bighead carp technology, which can put 400-600 fish per mu, and a small amount of silver carp with 50-100 tails.
When silver carp is mainly raised in lakes and reservoirs (human stocking), it is generally released per acre: 30-50 silver carp and 20-30 silver carp.
Ponds are rarely exclusively raised, most of them are supporting stocking polyculture, in order to clean the water quality, polyculture set, generally mu put: silver carp 100-200 tails (up to 300 tails), flower silver carp 50-100 tails.
When silver carp is farmed in the same pond, the rough ratio of the two is 8:2 or 6:4; When the main breeding of white carp, there must be a certain water depth (such as at least 1.5 meters or more) and a certain degree of fertility, otherwise, the number of seedlings must be greatly reduced, the so-called "water should be wide, water should be deep, water should be good" is suitable for the main breeding of white carp.
In addition, silver carp feed on phytoplankton, silver carp is the nemesis of cyanobacteria, no matter what form of fish farming, it is necessary to mix the pond to feed the filter silver carp, which is conducive to regulating water quality, so as to avoid cyanobacterial outbreaks in hot days every year, otherwise the water quality will deteriorate.
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