On June 25, 1950, nearly seven elite divisions of the Korean People's Army crossed the 38th Parallel, and these fighters told the world that they would liberate all of Korea within three weeks and capture Syngman Rhee.
Many of the soldiers of these 7 elite divisions participated in the Liberation War and were close disciples of our Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the Korean People's Army was unstoppable along the way, and every piece of news shocked the Americans.
Soon after, U.S. President Harry S. Truman sent a United Nations army, mainly the United States, to land on the Korean Peninsula, and in the bitter cold wind, North Korean soldiers fought bravely with the soldiers of the most powerful countries in the West.
While Five-Star General MacArthur was triumphant, the Americans suddenly heard bad news that a force had crossed the Yalu River.
The volunteer army entered the Korean War
This force was the Chinese Volunteers, and the Americans did not yet know that they would be plunged into a protracted, hopeless, and never-ending terrible war.
The Americans only saw the strong strength and will to fight of the volunteer army, but they did not know how much determination Chairman Mao had made in order to make this decision.
You must know that Lin Biao and others have been expressing resolute opposition.
People have been afraid that if they had made decisions according to Lin Biao's opinions, they would probably have immeasurable consequences.
Today, mainly talk about why Lin Biao disagrees?
One
For Kim Il Sung, October 8, 1950 was definitely a day he will always remember, and it was on this day that Chairman Mao, in his capacity as chairman, issued an order to form the Chinese Volunteer Army and called Kim Il Sung at the first time.
The order clearly pointed out: "In order to assist the Korean people in the war of liberation, oppose the attack of US imperialism and its lackeys, and defend the interests of the Korean people, the entire Chinese people, and the people of the Eastern countries, the Northeast Border Defense Army will be transformed into the Chinese Volunteer Army, and immediately dispatch to the Korean border to jointly coordinate with the Korean comrades to fight against the aggressors and win a glorious victory!" ”
This decision was so difficult to make, at this time, the new China was just one year old, just out of the torment of war, and anyone who was ready to wrench the wrist with the United States, the world's number one power, needed great courage and boldness.
It was extremely difficult to make this decision at this juncture, because at that time Tibet had not yet been liberated, there were still a large number of Kuomintang troops stationed in the land of China, Taiwan and the southeast coast, and there were many bandits and bullies in the whole country, who were in cahoots with the Kuomintang troops.
The country is in ruins, the new China needs time to build China well, the whole 14 years of the War of Resistance, coupled with several years of liberation war, the country and the people are in urgent need of recuperation.
Most importantly, the people of the whole country no longer want to fight.
However, the enemy has reached the doorstep of their homes, and in the face of the threat of American soldiers, China has only one way, that is, Chairman Mao said, "Fight with one punch, lest a hundred punches come." ”
China will not see North Korea dead, nor can it watch American bombers begin to bomb the northeast of the mainland, but when this decision was made, the Politburo held a special meeting to discuss it.
At that time, there were two attitudes that were tit-for-tat, the first was to advocate sending troops to Korea, and the other was to oppose the dispatch of troops, lin Biao attended as commander of the four fields, and the attitude of opposition was very firm.
But because of the stakes, the meeting did not make a decision directly, but discussed some programmatic issues, and asked everyone to go back and discuss it and wait for the next meeting to make a decision.
This is a tough choice for all.
Two
On June 27, 1950, the United States sent its most powerful navy and air force to invade North Korea's territorial waters and airspace in a fierce attack on the Korean People's Army.
At that time, the U.S. Navy's Seventh Fleet, under the orders of then-U.S. President Harry S. Truman, inserted like a wedge into the Taiwan Strait, preventing the People's Liberation Army from liberating Taiwan and beginning to openly interfere in China's internal affairs.
The next day, on the 28th, Chairman Mao made it clear that the Americans were hypocritical, because on January 5 of that year, Truman claimed that the United States would not interfere in Taiwan, but now he has changed his face and blatantly torn up all international agreements between the United States and china's internal affairs.
The Americans were menacing, and on July 7, the United Nations Security Council, in the absence of Soviet representatives, directly established the so-called "United Nations Command", and the next day, MacArthur, who had a great reputation, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army".
The war in Korea has evolved into an imperialist war of aggression, which has forced the Chinese government to seriously consider the future direction.
On 4 August, Chairman Mao saw that the current world situation was already very unoptimistic, and he pointed out to the point at the meeting of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee that if US imperialism won, it would be proud, and then it would threaten the mainland.
Chairman Mao held that it is necessary to provide assistance to the DPRK, to choose the right time, and to be prepared.
At that time, Chairman Mao was ready for the worst, and on August 5, he met with Deng Hua, the head of the Northeast Frontier Army at that time, and the chairman believed that Truman would not give up in Korea, and that the task of the Northeast Frontier Defense Army was to defend our territory and prepare for a hard battle with the Americans.
Chairman Mao looked in the direction of Korea and said seriously that we must prepare for an unprecedented big battle, and we must also prepare him to fight atomic bombs, he will fight atomic bombs, we will fight grenades, we must seize his weakness, then follow him, and finally defeat him completely.
Soon after, on September 30, Premier Zhou Enlai also issued a solemn warning to the United States, stating that Chinese people love peace, but in order to defend peace, they will never be afraid of resisting a war of aggression, and the Chinese people will never tolerate foreign aggression, let alone allow the imperialists to ignore the wanton aggression of their neighbors.
When the news was conveyed to the Americans, the United States showed its usual arrogant and arrogant face, believing that the possibility of China sending troops to participate in the war was really small, and it was completely "not enough."
On October 1, 1950, the first anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, U.S. troops crossed the 38th Parallel.
Hu Qiaomu once said that he had worked with the chairman for more than 20 years, and there were only two things that he had the most difficulty in making up his mind, the first of which was in 1946, when I was ready to break with the Kuomintang once and for all.
The second is whether to send troops to fight in North Korea in 1950, the chairman is very aware of the huge power gap between China and the United States, in 1950, the total industrial and agricultural output value of the United States reached 280 billion US dollars, and we only have 10 billion US dollars when we are fully calculated.
At that time, the United States already had advanced fighters, and China's air force was not very strong, and even flew twice in a row only at the founding ceremony to show that we also had our own flying team.
What's more, the United States already has atomic bombs, and among the weapons and equipment of a US army, there are more than 1,000 guns of caliber above 70 mm.
What about the People's Liberation Army? At that time, the People's Liberation Army had only 36 such artillery pieces per army, and even if it was a very important northeast border defense army, a corps had only 190 guns at most.
On October 4, the Politburo began to discuss the issue of sending troops again at the Yinian Hall in Zhongnanhai, and many people still believed that this battle could not be fought, and that troops could not be sent unless they had to.
On the way to the meeting, Marshal Peng Dehuai rushed to the meeting hall in a dusty manner, and it was originally General Manager Peng, as the first secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, who was guarding Xi'an, and only received this news at noon on the 4th and was received to Beijing.
Mr. Peng didn't even know the content of the meeting, so he just listened to everyone's speeches.
That night, Mr. Peng thought about going to and from the residence of the Beijing Hotel, unable to sleep, he remembered the passage that Chairman Mao once said during the day, the chairman said that other people's countries are in a critical moment, we just stood by and watched, no matter what, our hearts are sad.
The next day, Chairman Mao and Mr. Peng exchanged views, and when the chairman talked about the North Korean issue, Mr. Peng only said one word: fight.
At the meeting on the same day, General Manager Peng's attitude was very resolute and he said very loudly that it was very important to fight in Korea, and that if we fought it badly, it would mean that we would be victorious a few years late in the war of liberation, and if the US troops were placed on the banks of the Yalu River and Taiwan Province, then if they wanted to start a war, they would have an excuse at any time!
The meeting directly laid down the strategic decision to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the homeland, and it was decided that General Manager Peng Dehuai, General Manager Peng Dehuai, would wear armor and lead the volunteer army into Korea to fight.
On October 6, Premier Zhou also presided over an enlarged meeting of the Central Military Commission at the War Room of the Central and Southern Naval Commission, when they were discussing the plan for the volunteer army to enter the DPRK, including some weapons and equipment replacement and logistics supply.
At this meeting, Lin Biao still insisted on not sending troops, and Premier Zhou gave serious criticism this time.
Premier Zhou said in a serious tone: Now it is not a question of whether we should send troops or not, but the enemy is there, forcing us to fight. Our self-defense is just, so the just war will be won in the end.
The determination of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao has been determined, so at this moment it is no longer a question of whether or not to send troops, but a question of how to win victory after the dispatch of troops.
The gap in our strength is really too big, so when we decided to send troops to North Korea on October 8, it definitely required great courage and boldness.
Perhaps Lin Biao believed from a military point of view that this battle could not be fought, and it was even more difficult to win, but Chairman Mao considered the problem from the perspective of the whole country, and if he really did not send troops according to Lin Biao's opinion, China was likely to face great challenges now.
Three
If we do not send troops to Korea, then the American soldiers will definitely hit the Yalu River on the mainland, and once the North Korean army retreats to the northeast of the mainland, then the Americans have enough reason to cross the border to pursue the North Korean army.
At that time, the northeast will once again face the abuse of the imperialist army, and if the battlefield is burned to China itself, then China will once again return to the decadent Qing Dynasty in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which no one can tolerate.
If the United States feels that we are fiercely inward-looking, then the southeast coast will not be calm at all, and the Chiang Kai-shek regime on the island of Taiwan may even carry out his dream of "counterattacking the mainland."
At that time, China will enter the dilemma of two-front combat, China's Yalu River is likely to become the dividing line of confrontation between China and the United States, the follow-up First Five-Year Plan may not be implemented at all, and the construction of new China will become a joke.
At that time, 85% of China's heavy industry was concentrated in the northeast region, where the power generation accounted for half of the country's total power generation, and once the northeast became the front line, then this "eldest son of the republic" could not provide assistance for the construction of the whole country, and the economy suffered a major blow.
There is also a possibility that many people overlook, that is, if China does not participate in the war, then we will become a country that does not have the courage to resist the enemy outside the country's door, if we think in this way, then if China's relations with the Soviet Union break down in the future, the Soviet Union will despise China, and even send troops to occupy the northeast.
Both the Soviet Union and the United States may think that China is just a chess piece, but we cannot be a chess piece, we must be a chess player on the chessboard, which can only be played, we must defeat the enemy with life, and the status of a great power is not given by others, but by ourselves.
After the fact, we defeated the United States, so the Soviets had no reason to stay in the northeast at all, and even immediately returned the Port of Lushun, Dalian, and the China-Long Railway that belonged to us.
Four
All questions of whether or not to send troops are fully discussed before the decision is made, and after the decision is made, everyone resolutely implements it, and there is no voice of opposition, because the decision of the organization is the direction of everyone's progress, this is the strict discipline of the Party and the code of these revolutionaries.
At that time, there was always a problem in the mind of the chairman, that is, who to appoint as the commander-in-chief of the volunteer army.
Chairman Mao actually wanted To make Lin Biao the commander-in-chief of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, but only because he opposed sending troops, and because of his physical age and stubborn illness, he had to recuperate, so he could only abandon this plan.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Lin Biao was mistakenly injured by Yan Xishan's soldiers, the bullet pierced the chest on the spot, injured Lin Biao's spinal nerves, the injury was very severe, and after the cure, he also left a stubborn disease that had not been eliminated, at that time he often showed symptoms such as fear of cold, heat, light, headache and waist pain.
During the Liberation War, Lin Biao had been hiding in a dark room sheltered from the light, chewing soybeans and boiling Chinese medicine, and he often even prescribed medicines for himself to treat diseases, so it was really reluctant to let Lin Biao go to North Korea.
Chairman Mao also said in one sentence that Lin Biao did not support the reasons for resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, mainly in two points: First, Lin Biao was cautious but lacked courage, and he was mentioned at the earliest, because he was very familiar with the northeast, and the Four Wilds and Thirteen Corps were also there, but Lin Biao was afraid of not winning the battle; Second, he is not in good health, so he is unwilling to take on this heavy responsibility.
In addition to Lin Biao and The last general Peng, there was actually another person who was the best candidate to go to Korea at that time, and this person was Su Yu, who was known as the "Battle of the Immortals".
At that time, Su Yu was preparing to attack Taiwan, and after the outbreak of the Korean War, attacking Taiwan became a difficult matter, and the people also decided to make Su Yu the commander of the Northeast Border Defense Army.
At that time, General Su Yu also immediately began preparations, but on July 10, General Su Yu relapsed with high blood pressure, gastrointestinal disease, and Meniere's syndrome, so he could only discuss a new commander.
Although Chairman Mao wanted Su Yu to be a marshal, on August 1, General Luo Ruiqing went to visit Su Yu once, and at that time Su Yu did not see any improvement in his illness for a long time, and he was so anxious that he could not sleep all night and could not recover from his illness.
Many military experts believe that Su Yu has never been timid in battle, that these people have made outstanding military achievements in their military careers, and that it is impossible to fear this matter; during the War of Liberation, Su Yu dared to face Chairman Mao head-on and repeatedly dared to bluntly state the central authorities' policy decisions.
Now many people say that Su Yu is pretending to be ill, which is actually an insult to a general, as early as the Battle of Huaihai, Su Yu was hospitalized for a long time, and even did not participate in the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee.
Even if he reads from the book, he can feel the thrill of it, and it is impossible for people who do not put life and death aside to fight the battle like this, not to seek fame, not to avoid crime, if even Su Yu is afraid of fighting, it is the biggest joke.
Therefore, after excluding many generals, only General Peng was left, and in that cold and freezing North Korea, it seems that only Peng Zong's style of hard fighting is suitable for that land, and the facts have also proved Chairman Mao's vision.
Five
The Americans were carrying out an aggressive act on the Korean Peninsula, and the generals on our side were selected, and the volunteer army was ready to go, but I never expected that the Soviet Side actually had another moth.
At this critical juncture, the assistance given to us by the Soviet Union suddenly fell short. At this moment of tension, Stalin suddenly informed us that the Soviet Union was fully capable of meeting the aircraft, tanks, artillery and other equipment proposed by China, but that at present the Soviet Air Force was not ready and would not be able to move in two months or two and a half months.
Without the support of the Soviet Air Force, our volunteers would have been exposed to the unusually strong aerial fire of the United States.
Later, Mr. Peng reviewed the situation at that time and said that when he saw the US troops crossing the 38th Line, he knew that we really couldn't fight without fighting, and after the Politburo held an emergency meeting, everyone thought that we must participate in the war, even if the Soviet Union did not provide air support, we would also send troops to Korea.
On the evening of October 19, 1950, the Chinese Volunteer Army officially began the journey of resisting the United States and aiding Korea to defend the country, from Kim Il Sung's request for help on October 1 to the volunteer army crossing the Yalu River today, a long but short eighteen days, which historians called "eighteen days and nights of difficult decision-making."
Among them, the hardships and hardships experienced by Chairman Mao are really not humane to outsiders.
On the land of only 3.7 square kilometers in Shangganling alone, the "United Nations Army" has invested more than 60,000 people in three divisions, and has fired more than 1.9 million shells, and the mountain has been cut down by two meters.
Such fierce firepower is extremely rare in the entire history of war, but our volunteer army is still standing still in the face of such a strong enemy, and American military experts are disheartened and lament that even the atomic bomb cannot wipe out all the volunteers in Shangganling.
Qin Jiwei, then commander of the 15th Army, recalled that the Battle of Shangganling was a special battle; it was a deadly contest between the military strength of the enemy and us, and it was also a contest between two world outlooks, two values, and two ideological systems.
We have used this battle to prove that China is no longer the "sick man of East Asia" who was poor and weak, and as long as there is a volunteer army in Korea, the Americans will not want to step into China.
Under the heroic battle of the Chinese Volunteer Army, the U.S. army suffered 33,000 casualties, 105,000 wounded, 415,000 South Koreans, and 429,000 wounded.
After the war, the Americans signed the armistice treaty for the first time without victory, and this war brought out the reputation of the Chinese, when Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew said that western countries originally discriminated against the Chinese, and after the Korean War, they began to respect every Chinese.
This is not only a campaign to resist US aggression and aid Korea, but also a battle for the founding of a country.
To pay high tribute to Chairman Mao and to pay the highest respect to these "loveliest people"; without their efforts, there would be no new China now; in other words, with them, China would never have been crushed.
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