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Eight Years of Research Advances in Bourbon Virus, a Tick-borne Thogotovirus of the Orthomyxovirus Family
A positive myxovirus tick-borne to high earth virus, bourbon virus research progress in the past eight years
作者：Siyuan Hao, Kang Ning, Çağla Aksu Küz, Shane McFarlin, Fang Cheng and Jianming Qiu
Bourbon Virus (BRBV), belonging to the genus Orthotropic virus, is a tick-borne, six-segment negative-stranded RNA virus. It is mainly endemic to the American Dull Star tick (Lone Star tick, also known as the American tick, a genus of ticks in the family Pterocarpus) and can cause fever, kidney failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome in tick bite patients, and in severe cases death.
On June 14, 2022, Zoonoses published a review of research advances on BRBV from Professor Jianming Qiu's team at the University of Kansas Medical Center.
There are currently 7 virus genera in the family Possyroviridae: including 4 influenza viruses (A, B, C, D), Quaranjavirus, Isonavirus, and Thogotovirus, and many viruses are important pathogens in humans and animals. Among them, Togao soil virus is mainly transmitted by ticks, which is a tick-borne virus, and the Thogotovirus and Dhori virus in this genus are mainly endemic in Europe, Asia, Africa and other regions, and have been shown to infect people and cause death. At the same time, studies have shown that Thogotovirus can spread epidemics in livestock groups such as sheep, cattle, camels and cause neurological diseases and miscarriages in animals. Based on existing genome sequence phylogenetic analysis, Togaut virus can be divided into two subpopulations, Thogoto-like and Dhori-like, while BRBV is more closely related to the Dhori-like subpopulation.
This review systematically elaborates on the clinical symptoms, vectors, genome structure and replicant construction, in vitro culture, animal infection model, prevention and treatment of BRBV infection patients, and puts forward specific suggestions for the future research direction of BRBV.
In terms of epidemiology, considering that the American dull-eyed tick (Tick) is the main vector of BRBV transmission, the article argues that in the region outside North America (Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, etc.) should focus on the in-depth investigation of BRBV and related viruses of tick-related tick species to further clarify its epidemic distribution and public health significance; In terms of antiviral drug research, the authors believe that BRBV replicators should be constructed for high-throughput screening of small molecule complexes, and further verification of antiviral effects in vitro (cellular) and in vivo (animal infection models), while optimizing the structure of antiRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) effective compounds is also necessary for antiviral drug development; In terms of pathogenic mechanisms, the article argues that it is necessary to understand the convulsiveness of viral infection by identifying host receptors or factors that mediate the entry of BRBV. In addition, the life cycle of BRBV remains to be explored.
In general, this paper systematically and comprehensively expounds the relevant research progress of BRBV in the past eight years, and puts forward specific directions and suggestions for further exploration, laying a foundation for in-depth research on BRBV.
Fig. 1 Classification of virus species in the family Orthogonyroviridae
Figure 2 Geographical distribution of the American blunt-eyed tick (Lone Star Tick) in the United States.
Figure 3 BRBV replicator sub-build diagram.
Figure 4 BRBV plaque experiment demonstration.
About the Author
Dr. Qiu is a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, a tenured professor in the Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology at the University of Kansas Medical Center, and a member of the International Classification of Viruses Committee. Dr. Qiu Jianming is one of the outstanding Chinese scientists active in the field of virology in recent years, mainly engaged in molecular virology research, and has made remarkable achievements in the comparative virology of animal parvovirus, the basic research and prevention of mink Aleutian virus, the infectious cloning of human Boka virus (a parvovirus that causes pneumonia in children) and the construction of immune vectors.
This Chinese comments are provided by The Youth Committee of Zoonoses and Dr. Wang Zedong of Jilin University, and we hereby express our gratitude!
Original link: (Click below to read the original article directly)
https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/ZOONOSES-2022-0012