Summer is hot, and it is time for all kinds of mosquitoes to reproduce vigorously, and the most unbearable thing is that various inflammatory symptoms appear after being bitten by mosquitoes. Among them, there is a small black worm the size of a sesame seed, which can quietly drill into our skin to suck blood, and it can not be easily detected, and when it is found, it may be too late, and it is easy to take people's lives at this moment, so it is also known as "life-killing vampires".
According to the People's Daily, in a university in the south, there were 3 people who were bitten by mosquitoes, and 2 of them were in a lesser condition. The other person is the most serious, Xiao Wu was bitten when he went home for the holiday, he was bitten while climbing the mountain with relatives and friends, because the discovery time was too late, the symptoms were extremely serious, even life-threatening, and finally he could only be forced to dig up meat to get bugs
The reason for the matter is this, Xiao Wu happily returned to school after playing, at first there was no abnormality, a few days later he found that the back of his neck was uncomfortable, and his roommate helped him pull open his clothes and hair to see, which was very crazy!
A black "small dot" seems to be embedded in Xiao Wu's skin, the number is as much as four or five, at this moment the skin around the small black dot is red and swollen, Xiao Wu did not think too much, think it is some insignificant little bugs, so he casually buckled those small black dots down a few.
However, not long after, Xiao Wu had headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, and high fever symptoms and was sent to the emergency department, and the other two were Xiao Wu's roommates, and xiao Wu came in for treatment shortly after entering the hospital.
These three people were bitten by the same insect, what kind of insect should this be, and even send three college students who are in their youth and strong to the hospital, and almost killed?
The team asked about the case history, combined with the cases of three people, and concluded that they were attacked by an insect called a tick.
This is not the first case. According to the data, in 2010, ticks caused Henan to fall into the water: in the summer of 2010, in a small county town in Henan, there was such a creepy story, many people were bitten by it, and they died, which made the villagers in the surrounding villages restless.
Careful investigation shows that there have been cases of deaths after being bitten by insects in 2009, but in 2010, there were especially many cases, becoming the hardest hit area for ticks.
According to the investigation, ticks have killed so many people in just a few months, and now they are reappearing. Such a terrible and vicious insect, everyone knows very little about it, invisibly poses a threat, the more you know about ticks, the better, otherwise you will lose your life when you go to a place with abundant water and grass in the summer.
One. What exactly is a tick?
Ticks are arthropod parasites of the arachnid family, because they cannot fly without wings, but can crawl quickly in the grass, so they are also called grass crawlers. The abdomen is flattened, the head is small, and the volume at birth is comparable to that of dust. During growth, when not sucking blood, it is only the size of a grain of rice, and after sucking up enough blood, there are 1/2 large fingernail caps.
It is very poisonous, don't look at it as inconspicuous, but the bite is much more fierce than that of a poisonous snake. And because of its small size, when a tick climbs on a person, it is most likely not to be able to find it. At this moment, its head will be stuck into our skin, and it can kill people after being bitten.
Ticks grow in four stages: eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults, and in addition to the egg stage, the other three stages have blood-sucking behavior.
When the tick has just attached to the human body and has not inhaled too much blood, the volume is so small that it is not easy to find.
But as it continued to suck blood and slowly increased its weight to about dozens of times, the tick had become very large by the time it found itself bitten. Later, according to the patient Xiao Wu himself, when he found ticks, they were of different sizes, because the small ones were still in the early stage of growth, and the large ones had reached the adult stage.
There are more than 800 species of ticks in the world, and on the mainland, 100 to 110 species of frightening data have been found. In general, they like a warm environment, in the south can be active for three seasons, accustomed to living in forests, bushes, grasslands, pastures and other places, but not limited, because there are many types, more common throughout the country, of which the genus in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places are extremely common in rural areas, Xiao Wu is unfortunately infected when going to the wild where there are many grass and trees.
Ticks also belong to the parasite class, and their hosts include mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. At the same time, its parasitic site often has a certain degree of selectivity, generally in the thinner the skin, the more obvious the blood vessels, the less likely to be found in the hidden place. For example, it likes to be in the neck of an animal or person, behind the ears, at the base of the thigh, in the groin, etc.
Therefore, when the family likes to raise some small animals, it is easy to take ticks home, especially in the countryside. Because at this time, animals have a relatively large free choice, such as cats, dogs, often run to grassy places, no doubt, they have become the best host for ticks.
In addition, some animals with shorter fur are easy to be targeted, such as cattle, often parasitic at the neck of cattle, because ticks are too small, humans and animals in contact, can not easily find abnormalities, so they can parasitize humans.
Therefore, in the summer, we should pay more attention not to contact too closely with cats and dogs, or we can regularly deworm them to reduce the threat of ticks. It is best not to encounter it, but once it is bitten, what symptoms will occur?
Two. What does a tick bite look like after it??
1) The skin is red and swollen, itchy and painful
When bitten by a tick and sucks blood, it will insert its own blood-sucking mouthpiece with the entire head into our skin, and then it will emit anesthesia when sucking blood, and when we cut it off casually, it will also secrete toxins, causing infection to our local skin, so there will be symptoms of redness, swelling and itching.
Xiao Wu and two roommates both develop this symptom.
2) High fever does not go away
With the time of tick parasitism, more and more toxins will be secreted, and the toxins will enter the circulation, which will cause the white blood cells in the blood to surge, the symptoms of high fever, and it is difficult to reduce the fever.
Because in the summer, people often think of this symptom as heat stroke or cold, delaying the golden period of treatment.
3) Headache, eye pain, low back pain
Over time, symptoms of nervous system toxicity may also occur, which is so severe that it will cause multiple organ failure and death.
Unexpectedly, a well-known biological research expert Yu Xinbing once said that it is not enough for our body to be infected, but it is a parasite, very easy to parasitize in animals, will often suck animal blood, so the body will often carry a variety of viruses from animals, when some ticks carrying viruses parasitize humans again, it is very likely to bring the virus to a new host.
Ticks are known to carry 83 viruses, 14 bacteria, 17 regressive thermospiratory bodies, and 32 protozoans, most of which are important and very frightening zoonotic diseases such as forest encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever, and a type called neobuniavirus.
Not only will it have an impact on our livestock industry, it will be easier to spread various infections among people in this way.
The roommate's condition is relatively stable, and the two roommates have also been bitten, because Xiao Wu's clothes were borrowed by the roommate to wear, and there are some fallen ticks on them, parasitizing the two of them again.
However, Xiao Wu's high fever situation is not optimistic compared to the two roommates, they have been bitten for too long, and the way of handling is not appropriate.
In fact, as long as you master the method of treatment, you can avoid a very serious disease to a large extent.
Three. What should we do after the bite?
1. Do not use your hands to forcibly pull
This is the top priority, do not pull hard, because directly pulling out is very easy to cause tick mouthparts together with the head to remain in our skin, toxins seeped in and lead to serious infections, organ failure and other serious problems can lead to death.
If it is just bitten or the time of bite is within 24 hours, the correct method is to apply anesthetic substances such as ether, kerosene, etc. to the head of the tick, and after a few minutes the tick inhales, it will slowly relax. You can also use the cigarette butt to gently blanch the exposed part of the body so that its head slowly withdraws on its own.
Pay attention to safety when scalding ticks and avoid burning yourself. When the tick shows signs of relaxation, we can see the timing, use forceps to clamp the head of the tick to take it out vertically, remove it and disinfect the wound.
For the removed ticks, whether on the surface of the human body or animal body, or free on the wall, the ground, do not touch it directly with your hands, or even squeeze through the outflow of pus, use forceps or other tools to clip and then burn to death; If the skin comes into contact with ticks, it must be disinfected.
If the tick has been found for a long time, the symptoms are also very obvious, it is recommended that the patient directly seek medical treatment, let the doctor deal with it, do not do the same thing.
2. Carry out professional disinfection treatment and anti-inflammatory treatment
After self-removal, and then use 75% of ethanol for local disinfection treatment, and observe the physical condition at any time, such as redness and swelling, pain, mound plaque, and even ulceration and other symptoms, to see a doctor in time, diagnose whether you have some kind of infectious disease, to avoid missing the best time for treatment. In this way, life-threatening can be avoided to a large extent.
Of course, if you are not sure, you can also go directly to the doctor, after taking out, you must closely observe the situation of the body, if there is discomfort or fever, you must consult a doctor, do some auxiliary examinations in time, find the cause, sensitive antibiotics of bacteria, and receive treatment.
When the condition is very serious, you can also take oxygen therapy and other first aid.
Xiao Wu did not have the understanding of this knowledge, with his hands raw pulling hard, causing the head to fall into the skin, immediately after the diagnosis for her surgery, surgery was taken out of the head of the tick, while actively fighting the infection, which saved lives.
3. Prevent tick parasitism
And prevention and treatment methods, each end of the line, are very important, from the source to solve the problem is more effective. For example, before going outdoors, you can spray permethrin-containing insect repellent spray on clothing; Do not stay in places where the vegetation is flourishing when playing; Wear long clothes and trousers, clean up clothes and take a bath when you go home; Pets should go out for a walk, and when they come back, they should also be dewormed so as not to infect the owner and so on.
About such an introduction, I believe that also let everyone have a deep understanding of ticks, and understand the way to deal with how to deal with tick bites again, Xiao Wu finally after timely treatment, but also recovered and discharged after a short period of time, in general, we must do a good job of protection, pay attention to everything, remember the main points of processing, and do what to protect yourself is the most important.
Bibliography:
1]Ning Ling, Jin Kun, Liu Lei, Li Lei. Clinical epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for death of novel Bunia virus infection[J]Anhui Medicine, 2019-10
Dong Zefeng, Hou Junming, Qi Daiting, Qi Haihua, Liu Fei. Causes and preventive measures of ticks[J]Hebei Forestry Science and Technology, 2011-10
Chen Rui. Don't be hard to pull [N] by tick bites, 2019-07-08