Hainan Daily A05 page map↑ published on September 27
The following is the full text of the report ↓
According to Hainan Daily, reporter Li Mengyao and Sun Hui
Liang Yiwen, a 58-year-old ranger who has worked in the Rainforest of Hainan for most of his life, is skilled at identifying more than 2,000 species of vascular plants.
"Many of these are very rare and very small populations, and some species can only be found in Hainan." In his view, this tropical rainforest with the most concentrated distribution, the best preservation and the largest contiguous area in China can be called the "priceless treasure" that nature has given to Hainan, China and even the world.
It inhabits the red-headed biting crane in the tropical rainforest of Jianfengling in Hainan. Xinhua News Agency
This is an ordinary ranger's simple assessment of the ecological value of Hainan's tropical rainforest, and with the first release of the gross ecosystem product (GEP) accounting results of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Area on September 26, the "priceless treasure" has also been quantified as "tangible value" - 204.513 billion yuan.
Overlooking the Pinnacle Ridge rainforest at dusk. Hainan Daily reporter Li Tianping photographed
"This 'value' is not set in stone, and the more effective the protection, the more value-added GEP will be." In the view of Jin Jincheng, secretary of the party group and director of the Hainan Provincial Forestry Bureau (Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Administration), GEP accounting has turned the "ecological account" into a clear "clear account", which is exactly the meaning of the transformation of "two mountains".
Quantify the "ecological account" to solve the problem of "green water and green mountains are priceless"
The 4,269 square kilometers of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Area covers almost one-seventh of the land area of Hainan Island.
"An important part of the world's tropical rainforest", "China's most distributed, best-preserved, contiguous tropical rainforest" "The ecological commanding heights of the whole island"... In the past, this ecological treasure land has been crowned with many reputations and titles, and its ecological status has been widely recognized by the international community.
Everyone knows its preciousness, but what is the value? In October last year, the Chinese Academy of Forestry and the Hainan Academy of Forestry took the lead in launching the accounting of gross ecosystem product (GEP) in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System, and with the help of scientific, reasonable and quantifiable yardsticks, a tangible "value map" was finally clearly outlined.
The so-called GEP refers to the value of all ecological products provided by the natural ecosystem of a specific geographical unit, which is equivalent to the green version of "GDP".
"In other words, it uses a clear number to tell people how much 'green water and green mountains' are worth 'golden mountains and silver mountains'." Yang Zhongyang, president of the Hainan Academy of Forestry, introduced that the GEP accounting system has three first-level indicators of material products, regulation services and cultural services, of which material products include agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry products and ecological energy, etc., regulation services include water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, etc., and cultural services include leisure tourism and landscape value.
How much are the ecological products and services provided by a river worth? What is the value of a forest's carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity? The attributes of ecological products vary widely, and how to value them has become the biggest problem.
"We have accumulated massive background data by using resource surveys, positioning monitoring, remote sensing monitoring, 3S technology, etc., and at the same time calculated the physical quantity of ecological products for various indicators such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation, and biodiversity through the establishment of ecosystem process models and ecosystem spatial databases." Chen Zongzhu, a researcher at the Hainan Academy of Forestry Sciences, said that after finding out the "ecological base" in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system, they immediately used the market value method, the alternative cost method, the payment willingness method and other methods to calculate the monetary value of the above indicators.
For example, the role of forest conservation water sources is similar to that of reservoirs, and when measuring the monetary value of this service function, the alternative cost method is used to price it with reference to the cost of reservoirs; In April this year, a "GEP Accounting Questionnaire for the Pilot Area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System", which was widely disseminated in the circle of friends of Hainan people, widely solicited their willingness to pay for science education services in the tropical rainforest from all walks of life, thus attaching a relatively reasonable "price tag" to this ecological product.
Intangible ecological products can be quantified, and then put into the corresponding price accounting formula, the "ecological ledger" of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Area is derived from this - after accounting, the total amount of ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, grasslands, farmland, settlements and other ecosystems in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System in 2019 is 204.513 billion yuan, and the unit area GEP is 0.46 billion yuan per square kilometer.
So far, the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Area has become the first national park system pilot area in China to release GEP accounting results, which means that Hainan has taken a solid step in exploring the specific practice of transforming "green water and green mountains" into "golden mountains and silver mountains", and also provides a "Hainan model" for The evaluation of the effectiveness of the transformation of "two mountains" in China's national parks.
Draw a good "assessment table" to highlight the characteristics of Hainan's tropical rainforest
GEP accounting is not a new concept in China, but it is the first time that "national parks" are used as an accounting unit.
"The pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System spans 43 townships in 9 cities and counties in Hainan, and is not composed of a complete administrative area, and has a complex forest ecosystem structure, and the tropical rainforest ecosystem alone is divided into 7 different vegetation types." Lu Zhaohua, deputy director of the Institute of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, said bluntly that in the acquisition of ecological product yield data and localized parameters, the GEP accounting cannot directly use existing data such as statistical yearbooks for statistics, and it is necessary to obtain relevant forest parameters according to different vegetation types, so it is much more difficult to collect and integrate data than other regions.
Based on this unique regionality, the accounting team established a unique GEP accounting methodology system and index system for the Pilot Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System on the basis of referring to relevant norms and relevant cases at home and abroad.
According to the "Technical Guidelines for Accounting the Gross Production Value of Terrestrial Ecosystems" and the "Technical Scheme for Accounting for the Gross Ecosystem Value (GEP) of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park" jointly compiled by the Environmental Planning Institute of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it will be found that the latter reflects the "characteristics of Hainan Tropical Rainforest" everywhere: it is divided into five first-level measurement units such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, farmland and settlements, etc., and the division of forest ecosystems is more detailed, and indicators such as "coastal protection supply" are excluded, and new" is added" Provide air negative oxygen ions" and "popular science education" and other indicators.
"Unlike other accounting units, national parks have the primary objective of protecting natural ecosystems and related biological species resources." In Yang Zhongyang's view, this concept can be confirmed from the GEP accounting results of the Pilot Area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System: its regulatory service value is 168.891 billion yuan, accounting for 82.58%.
Carefully combing the value composition, it will be found that the "gold content" of the three indicators of water conservation, biodiversity and carbon sequestration and oxygen release is the highest, which is 54.571 billion yuan, 51.069 billion yuan and 19.85 billion yuan respectively.
"When it comes to these three ecological products of the Hainan tropical rainforest, in the past, the evaluation we gave was usually a relatively vague concept such as 'Hainan Water Tower', 'Species Gene Bank', 'Natural Oxygen Bar', etc., not only the people are confused, but even government departments, experts and scholars are difficult to describe their importance in three words and two words." Yang Zhongyang believes that the construction of the ecological civilization pilot zone in Hainan is inseparable from the improvement of public ecological awareness, and GEP accounting can make people more intuitively understand the ecosystem and its protection value by "clearly marking the price" of the valuable value of green waters and green mountains, so as to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all sectors of society to protect and utilize ecological resources.
Explore the "transformation road" and cultivate the ecological product trading market
Just as the speed of economic growth affects GDP, the quality of the ecology will also put GEP in a state of constant floating.
"With the implementation of the strictest protection of national parks, the carbon sink capacity of Hainan tropical rainforest is currently increasing by an average of 3% to 4% per year, indicating that there is still a lot of room for increase in the total value of carbon sequestration and oxygen release in the future." In the view of Li Yide, a researcher at the Institute of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, GEP accounting is like a "green ruler", whether the ecology is good or not, the value is high, and it is known in one amount.
Compared with the traditional GDP accounting system, the GEP accounting system effectively compensates for the shortcomings of GDP accounting that fail to measure natural resource consumption, ecological resources and environmental damage. This also means that in the future, this accounting result can be used as a starting point for ecological assessment and quantification, applied to the evaluation of the effectiveness of national park construction, the audit of the departure of leading cadres, and the change of its specific indicators can also provide a decision-making basis for natural resource protection and ecological environment governance.
The quantification of the value of ecological resources has forced the construction of ecological civilization, and at the same time, the green mountains and green waters have truly become "golden mountains and silver mountains".
Shuiman Township, Wuzhishan City, located in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system, gave a vivid sample. In recent years, more than 4,700 mu of tea has been planted locally, with annual sales of more than 30 million yuan, and more than 30 tea processing plants and more than 10 tea brands have been cultivated.
"The price of tea green in other parts of the province is generally between more than 10 yuan and more than 20 yuan per kilogram, but our tea green price can reach more than 30 yuan per kilogram, and sometimes even sell to more than 40 yuan per kilogram." Wang Qiongxiang, a tea farmer in Shuimanxiang, said bluntly that it is thanks to the good local ecological environment that the tea they grow can sell at a good price.
Material products represented by tea and cultural service ecological products represented by leisure tourism have now achieved value transformation to a certain extent by relying on market forces. However, the transformation channel of regulating service ecological products has been in a closed state for a long time.
"For example, villages located in ecological core protected areas have given up many industrial development opportunities, how should the losses of villagers be measured?" Chen Zongzhu believes that at this time, the government department can scientifically calculate the value of water conservation, soil conservation and other regulated service products between upstream and downstream, take the increment of GEP as the basis and standard for ecological compensation, and let the beneficiary areas and protected areas, upstream and downstream of the river basin complete horizontal ecological compensation through various forms such as financial compensation and industrial support.
In this process of transforming the value of ecological products, the government will not be the only participant. In the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-term Goals for 2035", it is proposed to establish a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, improve market-oriented diversified ecological compensation, and encourage all kinds of social capital to participate in ecological protection and restoration.
How does social capital come in? The Hainan Daily reporter learned that at present, Hainan is exploring the cultivation of the national park ecological product trading market, establishing a unified, standardized and open ecological product market trading platform and trading mechanism, and improving the ecological product price formation mechanism and related policies and regulations, in order to open up the transformation channel of "resources - assets - capital - funds" as soon as possible.
"In addition, we will also vigorously build a regional public brand of ecological products with distinctive characteristics in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system, and at the same time strengthen the scientific and technological support for the accounting and value realization of ecological products in the national park, and excavate biological genetic resources for food, pharmaceutical, breeding, horticulture, health care products and other industries." In Yang Zhongyang's view, as a new exploration to promote the construction of ecological civilization, GEP accounting and the realization of the value of ecological products cannot be achieved overnight, "Next, we will continue to explore the path of realizing the value of ecological products, improve the refinement of ecological civilization construction, better protect and continuously feed back the green water and green mountains, and achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature." ”
A little more news
Experts and scholars talk about the significance of GEP accounting in the pilot area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System——
It provides a quantifiable yardstick for the construction of ecological civilization
According to Hainan Daily, reporter Xie Kai
On September 26, our province released the results of the accounting results of the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System. What is the significance of GEP accounting in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System? How to create a regional public brand of ecological products in the pilot area of The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system through GEP accounting? In this regard, the Hainan Daily reporter interviewed relevant experts and scholars.
Li Yide, researcher of the Institute of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Chen Yiqing, vice president of the Hainan Academy of Forestry, and Chen Zongzhu, researcher of the Hainan Academy of Forestry.
"GEP's accounting is an 'ecological account' that 'negotiates' various service functions of the ecosystem, which can make people more intuitively understand the ecosystem and its conservation value, and help improve people's awareness of natural ecological protection and the enthusiasm for actively participating in ecosystem protection actions." Li Yide, a researcher at the Institute of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, introduced that the GEP accounting of the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System provides a quantifiable yardstick for the construction of ecological civilization, and is a concrete embodiment of Hainan's implementation of the new development concept and the promotion of green development.
He believes that the construction of the National Ecological Civilization Pilot Zone is inseparable from the improvement of the public's ecological awareness, and the GEP accounting system of the Pilot Area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System introduces the people's evaluation of tropical rainforest resources, ecological services and environmental protection values, and values all kinds of functions provided free of charge by the tropical rainforest ecosystem, by attaching price tags to ecological products and services such as conserving water sources, maintaining water and soil, sequestering carbon and releasing oxygen, purifying the air, and improving negative ions. Let the public feel the value of ecological well-being more intuitively, and establish the correct concept of "limited resources and ecological value".
"GEP's accounting also helps to improve the assessment and evaluation system and promote the sustainable development of regional economy and society." Li Yide said that compared with the traditional GDP accounting system, GEP accounting system through regular quantitative accounting of the output and benefits of the ecosystem in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system, display the achievements of ecological civilization construction, help government departments to form a political performance concept with GEP growth as the bottom line, for the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system pilot area, GEP accounting will help the competent departments understand the natural resource endowments and ecological asset potential in the national park, and formulate appropriate development policies. Promote the sustainable use of natural resources and coordinated regional development, and promote the growth of the value of tropical rainforest ecological products.
Talking about how to build a regional public brand of ecological products in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System, Chen Yiqing, vice president of the Hainan Academy of Forestry, suggested that government departments can combine the "Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park Franchise Management Measures" to vigorously support and build a regional public brand of ecological products in the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System, and include all kinds of ecological products in the pilot area into the brand scope and strengthen brand cultivation and protection.
Chen Zongzhu, a researcher at the Hainan Academy of Forestry Sciences, said that Hainan has highlighted the ecological product value of the pilot area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park system through GEP accounting, and should take GEP accounting as an opportunity to establish and improve an ecological compensation system oriented to the value of ecological products. At the same time, GEP accounting is a bridge built between "green water and green mountains" and "golden mountains and silver mountains", on the one hand, it can improve the existing ecological compensation mechanism, on the other hand, it can coordinate ecological products and rural revitalization strategies according to the characteristics of different natural ecological resource endowments, and promote the accurate docking of supply and demand sides of ecological products and the revitalization of surrounding rural areas.
"We should refer to factors such as the physical quantity and quality of ecological products, explore more ecological compensation models, attach importance to the pilot areas and their surrounding villages and the masses, and guide the masses to enhance their awareness of ecological protection and share the dividends of national park construction by supporting industrial development and expanding the scope of ecological compensation." Chen Zongzhu said.
Source: Hainan Daily