Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is coming, and experts teach you how to let the baby "hide"
Tengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital Jia Peng
First, unveil the mystery of hand, foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is widely prevalent in various parts of the mainland, the incidence time is mostly concentrated in April and July every year, is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus (EV), in recent years has become an important infectious disease endangering the health of children in the mainland. Most patients have mild symptoms, mainly fever and rashes and herpes on the hands, feet, mouth and other parts. A small number of patients may have damage to the central nervous system and respiratory system, causing encephalitis, acute bradypals, and cerebral edema. A very small number of patients are critically ill and can cause damage to multiple organs such as the heart, brain, liver, and lungs, and even endanger life. The virus is mainly transmitted through close contact, respiratory tract, digestive tract and other channels, infants and children are generally susceptible, children under 5 years old are particularly susceptible, of which the age group from June to 3 years old is the peak of severe cases, with strong infectiousness, complex transmission routes, high epidemic intensity, fast transmission and other epidemiological characteristics.
Second, how does it "stir up trouble"?
First, in terms of time distribution, the incidence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease is large and small every year, with a large peak in April-July and a small peak in September-November, which is related to the growth and reproduction characteristics of the HFMD virus and the opening of schools. The main reasons are summarized as follows: First, the enterovirus likes the warm and humid environment in summer, which is conducive to virus reproduction; Second, the two peak times are exactly the school time for kindergarten children, and the campus crowd is dense and easy to contact with infections; Third, in summer, young children are thinly clothed and easy to contact with infection.
Second, in terms of regional distribution, there is a clear regional cluster of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and the incidence rate in urban areas is significantly higher than that in rural areas, that is, the distribution of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in the place of incidence is related to the level of regional economic development. There are three main reasons: First, the population density in urban areas is large, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an intestinal infectious disease, which is easy to contact and spread; Second, the medical resources in urban areas are better than those in surrounding areas, and cases are easy to see and report; Third, the health awareness of urban residents is stronger than that of rural areas, and they will seek medical treatment in time when diseases occur, which in turn leads to high disease examination rates and incidence rates.
Third, in terms of population distribution, the incidence of children is mainly concentrated in children under 5 years old, especially 1 to 2 years old population has the highest incidence, young children at this age, low immunity level, in the hand-mouth sensitive period, relatively poor hygiene habits, easy to be invaded by bacterial viruses and disease. The high incidence of young children may be related to the frequent contact between young children during the kindergarten, the relative density of personnel, and the large number of group activities, which creates favorable conditions for the spread of the disease. Once a case of this group occurs, it should be dealt with immediately, otherwise it is easy to develop into an outbreak or a sudden event, which should cause the police
How do we "hide" from it?
The first is to vaccinate in a timely manner and take the most effective measures. Vaccination is one of the important ways to prevent the emergence of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, at present, the mainland to prevent the development of vaccines against hand-foot-and-mouth disease has been relatively perfect, parents should lead their children to inject vaccines related to hand-foot-and-mouth disease in the early stage of the onset of hand-foot-and-mouth disease to prevent children from being infected.
The second is to let our children develop good living habits. In daily life, we parents should usually educate our children to pay attention to personal hygiene, wash their hands before eating and after going to the toilet, brush their teeth on time every day, and bathe frequently in normal times to avoid the breeding of germs, tell children not to drink raw and cold water, should drink boiled water and so on.
Third, for children under the age of 3, parents should take good care of their children, whether at home or when they go out. Don't let your child play or crawl on the floor. Some parents will have the habit of feeding their children the food they have chewed, which is an unhygienic behavior and should be avoided at any time.
The fourth is appropriate exercise to enhance the resistance of the child's body. In daily life, parents should encourage their children to exercise outdoors in order to enhance their physical fitness and be less harmful to the virus. However, parents should also choose suitable sports according to the child's actual physical condition, and strictly control the child's exercise time and exercise intensity, the exercise time can not be too long, to avoid affecting the child's physical development, the exercise time can not be too short, and it is difficult to achieve the effect of exercise.
Fifth, a reasonable diet to ensure the healthy growth of children. Meat and vegetarian collocation should be reasonable, breakfast should be eaten well, dinner should be full, dinner should be light, for some children are not willing to eat vegetables or fruits, parents should take vitamin supplements for children, vitamins are an important element to improve children's immunity, so it is indispensable in the daily diet.
Sixth, our parents need to do a good job of home hygiene, timely cleaning up garbage and other foreign objects in the home. Parents should create a clean and tidy living and learning environment for their children, indoor ventilation should be diligent, to ensure the number of indoor ventilation, but in winter to avoid blowing through the hall wind, timely cleaning of indoor hygiene, the floor and tables and chairs and other active scrubbing, sanitary cleaning to completely prevent the breeding of bacteria.