The Republic of Paraguay, or Paraguay for short. It is a landlocked country in central South America, the main mountain ranges are Mount Amanbai and Mount Barrancayou, and its southern border is completely bordered by Argentina, and the northeast and northwestern corners are Brazil and Bolivia, respectively. With a population of 7.253 million, Spanish and Guaraní are the official languages, and Guaraní is the national language, with the capital Asuncion.
Originally inhabited by Indians, Paraguay became a Spanish colony in 1537 and became independent on 14 May 1811. After its defeat in the Paraguayan War of 1864-1870, it lost its sea access to the sea and became a landlocked country. The junta came to power in 1954 and was overthrown in 1989. The democratically elected President was reinstated in 1993.
Most of Paraguay has a subtropical climate, with the main rivers being the Paraguay and Paraná rivers. In 1767, Spanish colonists expelled jesuit priests. In the 18th century, the Paraguay region was the largest population concentration in South America. Paraguay is a member of the Union of South American Nations and its economy is dominated by agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry, with cotton and soybeans produced.
History
Originally inhabited by the Guaraní Indians.
Before the 16th century, the Guykuru people were active in Western Paraguay, making a living from fishing and hunting; The Guaraní people live in east Paraguay and are engaged in agricultural production.
In 1537, the Spaniards established the first colony at the confluence of the Paraguayan and Picomayo rivers in Asunción. Since then, it has become a Spanish colony.
At the end of the 16th century, it came under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Peru.
In 1776, it was incorporated into the Viceroyalty of La Plata.
On May 14, 1811, independence was declared and the Republic of Paraguay was established.
In 1862, Francisco López López Sr., the father of the president, died, and he took over the scepter from his father and succeeded him as President of Paraguay.
From 1864 to 1870, Francesco López, as a small landlocked country of Paraguay, fought the largest war in South America against the Triple Alliance of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Some historians refer to this war as a watershed between modern warfare and modern warfare. Modern weapons such as rifles, machine guns, high explosives, and cannons were used in this war, and hot air balloons for telegraphy and reconnaissance were also used. Many of the weapons and equipment that were later used in world war I were already on display in this war.
On May 1, 1865, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay secretly signed a three-power alliance treaty in Buenos Aires against Paraguay and formed a trilateral alliance.
In 1866, Brazil replaced Field Marshal Mitter and was replaced by Garcia. At the time he took over, the Brazilian army had advanced just 15 miles in eight months. Garcia did not rush to attack, but spent 8 hours preparing for the attack, while also making the navy determined to transfer the most expensive ships to deal with paraguayan mines and shore artillery fire. He carefully laid out a plan to bypass the Paraguayan fortifications by making a great detour to the east.
In May 1868, he finally completed the siege of Humetta, the core stronghold of the Paraguayans. López had no choice but to lead a large army to break through the siege, leaving only a few soldiers to defend the city. With daily shelling, the Allies finally captured the fort 13 months later.
From 1932 to 1935, Paraguay and Bolivia fought the Chaco War for the oil resources of the Northern Chaco region, and Paraguay won and occupied about 3/4 of the disputed area.
On May 4, 1954, the soldier Strösner and the right wing of the Red Party staged a coup d'état and imposed a military dictatorship for 35 years.
On February 2, 1989, the commander of the First Military District of Pakistan, Rodriguez, staged a coup d'état to overthrow the Trossner dictatorship, and the first democratic elections were held in May of the same year, and Luo himself was elected president.
In the 1993 presidential election, red party candidate Vasmosi won, becoming the first democratically elected civilian government since 1954.
Natural
Regional location
Paraguay is a landlocked country in central South America. It is bordered by Bolivia to the north, Brazil to the east, and Argentina to the west and south. The land area is 406,800 square kilometers.
Topography
Paraguay is located in the northern part of the La Plata Plain, the Paraguay River divides the country into east and west from north to south: the east of the river is hilly, swampy and wavy plains, which is an extension of the Brazilian plateau, with an altitude of 300 to 600 meters, accounting for about 1/3 of the territorial area, and more than 90% of the country's population is concentrated here; Hexi is part of the Chaco region, mostly of which is virgin forest and grassland. The main mountain ranges in the territory are Mount Amanbai and Mount Barrancayu.
Climatic characteristics
Much of Paraguay has a subtropical climate. The Tropic of Cancer runs through the central region, with a savannah climate in the north and a subtropical forest climate in the south. Summer (December to February) temperature 26~33°C; In winter (June to August), the temperature is 10 to 20 °C. Precipitation decreases from east to west, about 1300 mm in the east and about 400 mm in the arid areas of the west. The forest area accounts for 54% of the country's area, and it is rich in precious hardwood forests, broken axe trees and yerba mate trees. There are more limestone reserves, and there are a small number of manganese, copper, iron and other mineral deposits. Hydropower resources are abundant, and large hydropower stations have been jointly built with neighboring Brazil and Argentina.
Water system distribution
The main rivers in Paraguay are the Paraguay river and the Paraná river.
natural resources
Paraguay has large reserves of salt ore and limestone, as well as a small amount of iron, copper, manganese, ferrovanadite, mica, niobium, natural gas, bauxite and so on. Hydropower resources are abundant. Produces precious hardwood wood.
Administrative divisions
Division
The country is divided into 17 provinces and 1 special district (capital Asunción).
capital
Asunción, with a population of 519,000, has a temperature of 22 to 35 °C in summer and 12 to 22 °C in winter. It is the largest city in the country and is located on the east bank of Paraguay, at the confluence of the Picomayo and Paraguayan rivers, at latitude 25° 15' S and longitude 57° 47' W. Asunción used to be inhabited by Indians. The Spaniards arrived on August 15, 1537, on the occasion of the Catholic Feast of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. In Spanish, ascension is pronounced "Asunción", hence the name of the city. In 1811, Paraguay became independent and Asunción became the capital. The city is located in the upper reaches of the Paraguayan river system, the second largest river in South America, and its strategic position is very important. In the Paraguayan War of 1864-1870, Asunción was occupied by a coalition of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, and ruled by Brazil until 1876.
Important cities
Encanassio
A city in southern Paraguay, the capital of the province of Itapua. Located on the banks of the Upper Paraná River, across the river from Posadas in Argentina. Population 28,000 (1982). It was founded in 1632. It was damaged by a tornado in 1926. It is surrounded by trade and industrial centers in agricultural and forest areas. There are wood processing, tea making (yerba mate), cigarettes, cotton ginning, leather, grain processing and other industries. Railways and roads lead to Asunción, and there are train ferries connected to the Argentine Railways. There is an airport.
Oriental City
Oriente City is the second largest city in Paraguay and has a population second only to the capital Asunción. The urban population is about 240,000 people, and if the suburban population is included, it is about 375,000 people. There are highway buses from Asunción that travel here every day, which takes about 7 hours. It is also possible to take a flight (45 minutes, the airport is in Brazil). Oriente City is located in paraguay's easternmost city, the famous Iguazu Falls is on the border of Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina on the edge of the city, the most spectacular scenery of the waterfall can only be seen in Brazil. As a tax-free city, Brazil and Argentina have many tourists and single-hand shoppers who come here to shop.
National symbol
national flag
The flag of Paraguay consists of three horizontal stripes: red, white and blue. It is transversely rectangular and has a ratio of 2:1 length to width. The central front of the flag is the national emblem and the back is the financial seal
national emblem
The coat of arms of Paraguay is rounded. In the center of the circle is a radiant five-pointed star called the "Star of May", commemorating Paraguay's liberation from Spanish colonial rule and its independence on May 14, 1811. The "Star of May" is surrounded by palm branches symbolizing victory and olive branches symbolizing peace, and the lower end of the green branches is tied by the tricolor band of the national flag. The outer half of the circle of green branches is the Spanish "Republic of Paraguay". The circumference is made up of a three-color ring of the national flag. The financial seal is also round, and the middle pattern of the round face is different from the national emblem, which is a golden lion, and a "pole of freedom" is erected on the back, and the top of the pole has a "hat of freedom".
national anthem
Paraguayans, No Republic, Better to Die
The lyrics are to the effect that the people of the Americas have spent three hundred years of misery under the oppression of the royal power, and finally have a day to raise their eyebrows, say "enough", and resolutely overthrow the kingship; We remember our fathers and fathers who fought bravely, whose names go down in history and illuminate the world. They crushed the majestic throne and woven it into a crown of triumph. Paraguayans, dedicated to the Republic; In exchange for freedom, with courage. Slaves and tyrants were not allowed, and rulers were united and equal.
Ethnicity of the population
Paraguay has a total population of 7.033 million (2014), nearly 97% of which is concentrated in the eastern half, and only about 2 to 3% of the population lives in the vast western Region of Chaco. 95% are Ofdo-European mestizos, with the rest Indians and Caucasians. The official languages are Spanish and Guaraní. 89.6% of the inhabitants are Catholic. 1.8 per cent of the population is indigenous.
51% of the country's population lives in cities, of which the capital Asunción accounts for 11.2% of the country's population. Since the 1970s, East Asian immigrants from Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, as well as immigrants from West Asia and Brazil, have injected power into the country's economy.
Like many Latin American countries, Paraguay, as a result of its long history of Spanish colonial rule, is nearly 95% of the population of Mystisso (Indo-Europeans), mainly descendants of a mixture of Spaniards and local Guaraní peoples.
politics
constitution
The current Constitution was promulgated on 20 June 1992. The Constitution makes Pakistan a representative state. The President shall be elected by universal suffrage for a term of five years, without re-election, and shall have a Vice-President. The current Vice President, Hugo Adalveto Velasquez Moreno, took office in August 2018 for a term until August 2023.
parliament
Divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives, there are 45 senators and 80 deputies, all of whom are elected by universal suffrage for a term of 5 years. The current Parliament was elected in April 2018. The President of the Senate and the House of Representatives shall be elected for a term of one year and shall be re-elected every year. The current Speaker of the Senate is Silvio Oviral. The current Speaker of the House of Representatives, Miguel Cuevas.
government
The Secretary-General of the Presidency, Julio Vicente Uyong Brizuela, the Minister for Foreign Affairs Luis Alberto Castiglione Soria, the Minister of Finance, Berninho López, the Minister of Defence Bernardino Soto Estegarivia, the Minister of the Interior Juan Ernesto Villamayor, the Minister of Public Works and Communications, the Minister of Public Works and Communications, the Minister of Industry and Trade, Liz Cramer (female), the Minister of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Dennis Leach, the Minister of Public Health and Social Welfare, Julio M. Daniel Mazzoleni, Minister of Education and Science, Eduardo Petta San Martin, Minister of Justice Julio Javier Rios, Minister of Labour and Social Security Carla Bashigalupo (female), Minister of Women Nilda Romero (female), Minister of Social Development Mario Barrera, Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Ariel Oviedo and Minister for Children and Adolescents Theresa Martinez (female), among others.
judicature
According to the Constitution, the State has a Judicial Council, composed of 8 members. The Supreme Court consists of nine justices, who are nominated by the Judiciary Committee and appointed by the Senate with the consent of the Government. The current President of the Supreme Court, José Raúl Torres Kilmusel.
party
3 main political parties or coalitions of political parties:
(1) Red Party: Also known as the National Republican Alliance or the National Republican Party. The largest party in Pakistan, the ruling party. There are about 2 million party members. Founded on 11 September 1887, it has been the ruling party for most of its history. It mainly represents the interests of the big landlords, the big ranchers and the big bourgeoisie. Internally, we should pay attention to the development of the national economy and crack down on corruption, and externally we should devote ourselves to strengthening the construction of the Yugoslav Communist Party and regional integration. The current President, Pedro Ariana.
(2) Truly radical liberal party: also known as the Blue Party. The largest opposition party. There are nearly 1 million party members. It split from the Radical Liberal Party in 1977. It was granted legal status in February 1989. It had a certain influence on workers, peasants and intellectuals. Internally, it advocates the implementation of land reform and the development of the national economy, and calls for democratic opening up and the comprehensive transformation of the country; Foreign countries advocate safeguarding national independence, opposing foreign interference, and developing friendly relations with all countries in the world. The current President is Evrain Alegre.
(3) The Guazu Front: a coalition of centre-left and left-wing opposition parties. Founded in 2010. It is composed of the National Unity Party, the Broad Front Party, the Civic Participation Party, the Paraguayan Communist Party, the People's Party of Tekojoha, the Socialist People's Assembly Party, the People's Patriotic Movement Party, and the People's Unity Party. Advocate land reform, ensure national energy security, narrow income disparities, and strengthen public health construction. The main leader is the former President and current Senate President Fernando Lugo Mendes). The current President is Carlos Felizzolla.
economy
Overview
The national economy is dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry, and the industrial base is weak, making it one of the most backward countries in Latin America. Economic activity is mainly concentrated in the capital city of Asunción and Oriental, and the economy is greatly affected by the climate and international prices of primary products.
From the early 1970s to the mid-1980s, with the construction of the Itaipu hydropower station, the average annual economic growth rate of Pakistan reached 9%. In the late 1980s, the economy stagnated. After the 1990s, Pakistan implemented neoliberal economic policies, actively expanded foreign trade and introduced foreign investment, but failed to change the situation of slow economic growth. Since 1996, the economy has been negative for seven consecutive years, and in 2002, the total economic volume and per capita national income reached the lowest level in nearly 20 years. After 2003, due to the improvement of the regional economy and the price changes in the international agricultural market, the economy has experienced a recovery of growth, and exports, investment and consumption have gradually become stronger.
In 2008, affected by the international economic and financial crisis, Pakistan's economic growth fell sharply, the fiscal deficit and trade deficit widened, and foreign exchange reserves and investment decreased. Since the second half of 2009, with the easing of domestic drought and the rise in demand for international agricultural products, the economic situation in Pakistan has gradually stabilized and rebounded. In 2013, driven by the bumper harvest of domestic agricultural products and the growth of exports, pakistan's economy rebounded strongly, with an annual growth rate of 14.4%, ranking first in Latin America. In recent years, Pakistan's economy has maintained a steady growth momentum.
industry
The industrial base is weak, mainly light industry and agricultural and animal husbandry products processing industry, the main products are canned meat, flour, beverages, tobacco, diesel, naphtha and so on.
agriculture
Agriculture is the main pillar of the national economy. The main agricultural products are soybeans, cotton, tobacco, wheat and corn.
animal husbandry
Animal husbandry occupies an important place in the economy. In recent years, the demand for meat in the international market has increased, and the export of Pakistani meat has risen sharply.
forestry
The forest cover is high. 70% of forest resources are concentrated in the Gran Chaco region.
energy
Oil and its derivatives depend on imports. In recent years, abundant natural gas has been found in the Chaco region, close to the Bolivian border. Hydropower resources are abundant, with reserves of about 56,000 MW. Joint construction of the Itaipu hydropower station with Brazil, with an installed capacity of 14 million kilowatts. Jointly build the Yasireta-Apipe hydropower station with Argentina, with a total installed capacity of 3 million kilowatts.
tourism
Tourism is one of the main sources of foreign exchange earnings. Tourists are mainly from neighboring countries such as Argentina and Brazil. In recent years, due to the impact of regional economic downturn, the development of tourism has faced more challenges.
Finance
As of the end of 2017, the balance of Pakistan's foreign exchange reserves was US$8.079 billion and the balance of external debt was US$5.592 billion.
foreign trade
In 2017, the total amount of foreign trade was 19.707 billion US dollars, of which exports were 8.680 billion US dollars and imports were 11.027 billion US dollars, an increase of 12.2%, 1.8%, 2% and 21.9% respectively year-on-year. The main trade target countries are Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina, the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, Italy and so on. The main export products are grain, vegetable oil, meat and so on.
Foreign capital
The Paraguayan government is actively attracting foreign investment. In 1991, the Domestic and Foreign Investment Law was enacted, which implemented a special preferential policy for foreign investment and stipulated that 95% of the profit tax would be exempted for five years. Foreign investment mainly comes from the United States, Brazil and Argentina, and the investment is concentrated in the food, processing, textile and chemical industries.
culture
language
The official languages of Paraguay are Spanish and Guaraní.
religion
89.6% of the inhabitants of Paraguay are Catholic. 1.8 per cent of the population is indigenous.
festival
New Year's Day: January 1
Epiphany: January 6
San Blas: February 3
Heroes' Day: March 1
International Labour Day: 1 May
Flag Day: May 14
Independence Date: May 15
Chaco Of Paraguay Commemoration Day: 12 June
Asunción City Anniversary: August 15
Children's Day: August 16
Unstained Virgin Mary's Day: 8 December
Christmas: 25 December
mores
Among the Paraguayan Indians, boys performed a ritual until they were 14 years old. The tribal chief pierced the boy's lower lip, and the rest of the men prayed to the god "Tupa" for 3 consecutive days, only to eat polenta. Since then, he has had the same rights as adults. Girls also have to undergo certain tests when they reach the age of 13. People locked her up in the house, separated by a barrier, for 3 weeks, the girl could only eat a small amount of food, could not speak, could not laugh, and looked at the ground. Girls then have the same rights as adult women.
Paraguayans often greet them by saying, "Mnucho. Gusdu", which means "very happy to see you". Paraguayan business etiquette is always appropriate to wear a conservative suit. Visiting government offices must be an appointment in advance, preferably with a business card in English and Spanish, which can be printed locally and 2 days is preferable. Sales instructions should be in Spanish. Be sure to shake hands when meeting and saying goodbye to business events. When local friends meet and greet each other, men often hug and women kiss their cheeks. No matter how long good friends walk together, they hold their arms. At business events, according to the rules, when a woman reaches out to a man, the man must shake his hand. Men should never reach out and shake women's hands first.
military
The Constitution stipulates that the President shall be the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The National Defence Council is the supreme military decision-making body and is composed of the President, all Cabinet Ministers, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and the Commanders of the Armed Forces, with the President as Chairman and the Minister of Defence as Vice-Chairman. The Ministry of Defence is the highest military administrative body. In addition, there is a Special Committee for the Qualification of the Armed Forces, composed of the Commander-in-Chief, the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the Chief of the General Staff, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force and the Commander-in-Chief, who chairs the Committee and whose main function is to determine the promotion and retirement of officers. Compulsory military service is established, with one and a half years of service in the Army and Air Force and two years in the Navy.
The current Commander of the Army, Vice Admiral Adalveto Ramón Garcert Martinez, the Commander of the Navy, Rear Admiral Juan Carlos Benitez Flomeges, and the Commander of the Air Force, Rear Admiral Miguel Criste Jacobs.
In 2012, the total strength of pakistan was about 17,000 people.
traffic
railway
It has a total length of 1147 km. Originally controlled by British capital, it was nationalized in 1961. There are 12 lines, of which the Central Railway is 441 km long, connecting the capital with the Argentine border city of AncarNación.
highway
The total length is 12,300 kilometers, of which 7,460 kilometers are asphalt roads, 1,300 kilometers are stone roads, and 1,000 kilometers are gravel roads.
Water
There are 7 ports in the country, the main port is Asunción. The national merchant fleet was mainly responsible for short-distance river transport from Pakistan to Argentina and Uruguay. Paraguayan overseas shipping companies have liners to some of the major ports in the United States and Europe.
airlift
There are 2 international airports, located in Asunción and Orient City. Paraguayan Airlines (LAPSA), formerly state-run, sold its 80% stake in the government in 1994. There are regular flights to Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Belgium and the United States.
society
educate
Nine-year compulsory education is introduced. There are 2 public universities in the country: Asunción National University and Catholic University, and 10 private universities. The Constitution stipulates that the education budget shall account for more than 20 per cent of the total budget. Since 1990, the Government has implemented the National Education Development Plan and carried out literacy campaigns. In 2012, the illiteracy rate among Palestinians over 15 years old was 4.7 per cent, of which 3.2 per cent were urban, 7.2 per cent were rural, 5.6 per cent were females and 3.8 per cent were males. Public education investment in Pakistan accounts for 4.1% of GDP.
physical education
Paraguay began competing in the Olympic Games in 1968 and did not win a silver medal until the 2004 Athens Olympics, the men's silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. At the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, seven athletes represented Paraguay in five events. The level of paraguay in other sports is not high, and the only sport that can have a competitive advantage in the Olympic Games is the men's football team, which has reached the World Cup finals five times in history.
Famous stars of the Paraguayan men's national football team: Santa Cruz, Chilawite, Gamarra, Valdes, Cardoso, etc. One of the stars, Barrios, played for Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. and Borussia Dortmund in the Bundesliga.
medical
Statistics on health development in 1998
Project data
Birth rate (per 1,000 population) 30
Mortality rate (per 1,000 population) 5
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 population) 24
Average life expectancy (years) 70
Proportion of population drinking safe water (%) 39
Proportion of the population seeking medical care (%) is 32
Proportion of population earning less than $1 per day 19.4 (1995)
Doctors (per thousand people) 1.1
Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) 1.3
media
The main newspapers are: "Color ABC", "Today", "Tribune", "Latest Moment" and so on. National Radio is the national radio station, with 11 private commercial stations and 5 television stations.
Livelihood
Social polarization is severe. The poor account for 26.4% of the total population (2017). Land is highly concentrated, with less than 1 per cent occupying more than 75 per cent of the country's land. In 2012, each 100 households had 83.3 refrigerators, 89.4 televisions, 69.5 washing machines, 30.3 air conditioners, 27.5 cars, 19.4 landline telephones, 92.2 mobile phones, 29.5% of households owned computers, and 25.1% of households used the Internet. In 2013, the population growth rate was 1.69%, and the population density was 16.4 people/km². Among them, the urban population is 3.9329 million and the rural population is 2.7397 million. There are 1.13 doctors and 1.2 beds per 1,000 people.
diplomacy
foreign policy
Paraguay pursues a foreign policy of opening up and pluralism, and is willing to develop friendly and cooperative relations with all countries in the world. It advocates the principles of safeguarding national sovereignty, people's self-determination, non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, opposing the use or threat of force in international relations, and advocating the settlement of international disputes through negotiations. It attaches importance to relations with Latin American countries, in particular other members of MERCOSUR, and strives to participate in regional affairs and integration processes. Actively develop relations with the United States and Western European countries.
Paraguay is a member of international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, the Group of 77, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, the Organization of American States, the Latin American Economic System, the Latin American Integration Association, the Latin American and Caribbean Community, MERCOSUR and the Andean Community (associated Countries). In October 2016, Ba was elected a member of the UPU Council for 2017-2020. In June 2018, Ba was elected a member of the UN Economic and Social Council for the year 2019-2021.
After President Lugo was impeached and announced his resignation in June 2012, most Latin American countries and major regional organizations questioned the impeachment process in the Palestinian Parliament, MERCOSUR announced the suspension of Pakistan's membership, and Argentina, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and the Bolivarian Union of the Americas condemned the Pakistani opposition as a "coup". After being elected president, Carters actively carried out peripheral diplomacy, visiting Brazil, Argentina, Chile and other countries and attending international conferences such as the Summit of the South American Association of Nations.
Foreign relations
Relations with China
China and Pakistan have no diplomatic relations for the time being, and there are not many exchanges. In 1957, Pakistan established so-called "diplomatic relations" with the Taiwan authorities. Taiwan has a so-called "embassy" in the Capital of Pakistan and a so-called "Consulate General" in Dongfang City, The second largest city in Pakistan.
According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs of China, in 2017, the total trade between China and Paraguay was 1.594 billion US dollars, of which China exported 1.561 billion US dollars and imported 333 million US dollars, up 33.7%, 33.4% and 47.5% respectively year-on-year.
Relations with the United States
It attaches importance to relations with the United States and actively cooperates with the United States on the issues of combating international crimes, anti-narcotics cooperation, and counter-terrorism, but has not given the United States support on issues such as sending troops to Iraq, sending human rights observers to Cuba, and establishing the Free Trade Area of the Americas. In August 2005, US Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld visited Pakistan, and the two sides reached a consensus on establishing a "US-Pakistan strategic relationship", and US-Pakistan military cooperation was further strengthened. In May 2006, Vice President Castilloni visited the United States. In October 2008, President Lugo visited the United States. In December 2009 and November 2010, Valenzuela, Special Envoy of the President of the United States barack Obama and Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, visited Pakistan twice. In April 2017, Palmieri, the U.S. State Department's Interim Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs, visited Pakistan. In July 2018, Avdo, then President-elect of Paraguay, visited the United States.
Relations with Brazil
Maintain traditional friendly relations with Brazil. Brazil has a great influence on Paraguay in terms of politics, economy and culture, and is Paraguay's most important trading partner in MERCOSUR, and the two countries have signed a number of bilateral cooperation agreements. President Lugo visited Brazil twice, in September 2008 and May 2010. In June 2011, Brazilian President Rousseff visited Paraguay and attended the 41st MERCOSUR Summit. In September 2013 and August 2017, President Carters visited Brazil. In August 2016, President Carters traveled to Brazil to attend the opening ceremony of the Rio Olympic Games. In June 2018, Avdo, then President-designate of Paraguay, visited Brazil. In January 2019, President Avdo traveled to Brazil to attend the inauguration ceremony of Brazil's new President, Bolsonaro.
Relations with Argentina
Long-term good-neighbourly relations with Argentina. The two sides have close economic and trade relations and have achieved remarkable results in hydropower cooperation. In May 2010, President Lugo travelled to Cadales, Argentina, to attend the Extraordinary Summit of the Union of South American Countries. In August, Foreign Minister Timmerman paid a working visit to Palestine. In May 2016, President Carters visited Argentina. In June 2018, Avdo, then President-designate of Paraguay, visited Argentina.
Relations with other Latin American countries
Relations with Latin American countries have developed steadily, and high-level exchanges have been frequent. In June 2016, President Carters traveled to Panama to attend the completion ceremony of the Panama Canal expansion project and held bilateral talks with President Juan Carlos Barrera. In August, President Carters visited Mexico. In September, Paraguayan President Carters traveled to Colombia to attend the signing ceremony of the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the rebels.
Relations with Japan
Maintain a close economic partnership with Japan. Japan is Pakistan's largest donor. There are about 7,000 Japanese expatriates in Pakistan. In January 2010, Pakistani Foreign Minister Laconata went to Tokyo, Japan to attend the Fourth East Asia-Latin America Forum Foreign Ministers' Meeting and visited Japan. In March 2011, after the devastation of a mega-earthquake in northeastern Japan, the Pakistani government provided assistance to Japan. In June, Japanese Foreign Minister Tsuyoshi Matsumoto visited Pakistan and the two sides signed the Food Security Cooperation Agreement. In August, Japan provided $19 million in aid to Pakistan to build public facilities such as drinking water for remote areas. In June 2014, Pakistani President Kates visited Japan to hold talks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and sign an aid agreement. In December 2018, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe visited Paraguay.
tourism
Asunción
Asunción is the capital of the Republic of Paraguay and the largest city in the country. It is located on the eastern bank of Paraguay, at the confluence of the Picomayo and Paraguayan rivers. Asunción is a picturesque river port city known as the "Capital of Forests and Water". The hillsides are high and full of orange groves. When the harvest season comes, bright red oranges hang all over the orange trees, like a bright lamp, so many people call Asunción "Orange City".
Oriental City
The city of Oriente (also known as Este) is a city in the Republic of Paraguay and the capital of the province of Gau paraná in the southeastern province of the country. Oriente Islegua's second largest city and has the highest proportion of Asian populations among many Latin American cities.
Paraguay River
The Paraguay River is the fifth largest river in South America and is a major tributary of the Parana River, originating at an altitude of 300 meters in the Mato Grosso region of Brazil. The Paraguay River is 2,550 km long and has a basin area of 1.1 million square kilometers, flowing through Brazil and Paraguay, and is the border river between Brazil and Bolivia and Paraguay and Argentina. The Paraguay River Basin covers an area of 980,000 square kilometers, and the climate of the basin is mainly of the humid and hot savanna type, characterized by dry winters and rainy summers, with forests and grasslands on both sides of the river.
Fish in the river include mahalot, sawfish and pachu. The basin is sparsely populated and most of the region is economically underdeveloped. The river is mainly used for regional transport, with ships travelling from Buenos Aires, Argentina, up to Asunción, Paraguay. The waters of the Paraguay River are open and calm, and the flow is gentle. The scenery of the riverbank is reflected in the water and is picturesque. The rivers in the swamp are not much different. Always curvy. At the confluence of some tributaries, many birds are foraging. Probably the food here is more abundant.
Trinidad Jesuit Mission
Jesus of Tavalange and Santisimo of Paraná – The Trinidad Jesuit mission was founded in the 17th century by members of the Jesuits, who moved into the town known as Guaira in the late 16th century. These Jesuit members played an important role in the invasion and exploration of South America. From the establishment of these missions, one can witness a corner of the missionary's enthusiastic performance of his duties.
The works of Art of the Jesuits of Jesus in Tavalang and the churches of the Santisimo-Trinidad Jesuit Mission in Parana embody the perfect blend of local Indian culture and Christianity. The ruins are now in ruins, the most complete of which is the missionary district, which contains a chapel and a cathedral, a university, a monastery, a cemetery, a vegetable garden and orchard for self-use, a bell tower, a workshop and several civil houses. To this day, however, these churches are still frequent places of worship by local residents, and from the ruins of these buildings, people can easily imagine the glory of these buildings in the past.
Independence House Museum
The Independence House Museum, located in the A pine forest in Paraguay, was inaugurated on May 14, 1965. The Independence House Museum presents the history of the country during the Independence Period, with exhibits such as paintings, swords, Jesus and Franciscan carvings, and portraits of Fernando de la Mora. On May 14, 1881, a group of brave Paraguayans came out of this museum to declare paraguay's independence, a moment of profound historical significance.
The Independence House Museum is in the colonial style, the building where the museum is located was built in 1772 by the Spaniards by Antoni Nessens, the walls are gray clay, the thatched roof and its frame are made of bamboo, palms. The Independent House Museum is composed of offices, dining rooms, living rooms, bedrooms, lecture halls, corridors, and courtyards. Many important documents of patriots during the independence period are preserved in the museum, and 5 paintings are displayed in the museum to commemorate Paraguay's independence, as well as the sword worn by Furhencio Yegerros.
Guaira Falls
Waterfall in front of the Paraná River on the Brazilian-Paraguayan border. Directly west of Guaira, Brazil, it consists of 18 large and small waterfalls. The total drop is about 114 meters. After flowing through the Malacajo Mountains, the width of the river plummeted from 381 meters to 61 meters, and the river water flew between the canyon cliffs, crashing cliffs and turning stones, thundering and thundering, up to 32 kilometers away, the waterfall was hung high above the rainbow, and the amount of waterfall falling water could be the first in the world's waterfalls. It is a famous tourist attraction. Paraguay and Brazil jointly built the 12,600 million Waitepu hydropower station nearby, which was completed in 1982. The dike and spillway complex is almost 8 km long and is one of the most powerful hydropower projects in the world. After the completion of the Itaipu Dam, the Guaira Waterfalls were all submerged by the reservoir.