For us ordinary people, I believe that many friends are very concerned about the rural revitalization in 2021, and on the road of rural revitalization, how to go, how to choose, it can be said that this is the problem facing many regions at present.
As beekeepers, we are naturally most concerned about whether our bees can contribute to rural revitalization. Speaking of bees, Italian bees due to the high degree of domestication, so the basic traits have been stabilized, whether it can become a helper for rural revitalization, this is predictable, but China's native Chinese bees due to their strong wildness, low degree of domestication, can not shine in rural revitalization, it seems that there are more uncertainties.
In the work of poverty alleviation, many places in the country have bee farming as a project to alleviate poverty to support, although there are successes and failures in the process, but in general, it still provides a lot of material for the artificial breeding of Chinese bees, especially in today's large number of open networks, the success rate of Chinese bee breeding is getting higher and higher, I have to say that many of them are also accumulated in the work of poverty alleviation.
Recently, when we chatted with friends, we talked about a topic, that is, to let the Chinese bees help the revitalization of the countryside nationwide, where is the most suitable? The small editor of the bee tribe blurted out - Guizhou, Guizhou is the most suitable. Friends immediately said that it is because the bee tribe xiaobian is a Guizhou person, there is a special plot for Guizhou, no matter what the project, the first impression of the bee tribe xiaobian in the whole country is that Guizhou is the most suitable for development, but it is really not the bee tribe xiaobian Guizhou plot heavy, but the real Guizhou has the unique conditions for the development of Chinese bee breeding, let's take a serious and scientific look at this problem.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > the current situation of domestic bee farming</h1>
From the current situation of domestic bee breeding, there are two main types of domestic bee breeding forms, one is the traditional soil breeding method, one is the current live frame breeding method, of which China's native bees use soil breeding methods and modern live frame breeding methods, while the Italian bees introduced abroad only use one breeding method.
In terms of the overall number of breeding, according to the statistics of previous years, the number of domestic Chinese bees is slightly more than the number of Italian bees, but the number of artificially farmed bees is still more than the Number of Italian Bees, because there are a large number of Chinese bees still living in the wild, as for the amount of honey produced, conservative estimates, the honey produced by Italian bees still accounts for more than 90% of the total number of honey.
It can be seen that the development space of Chinese bees is still very huge, due to the low honey production of Chinese bees, the market demand is still relatively large, but the Italian bees have also appeared consumer dissatisfaction, beekeepers are dissatisfied with the embarrassing situation, the main reason is the maturity of honey and the invasiveness of Italian bees.
From the name we can know that the Italian bee is not a domestic bee species, but a bee species introduced from Western countries, this bee is large, the degree of domestication is high, the honey collection ability is strong, good at using bulk honey sources, the variety of bee products produced is many, compared with China's Chinese bees, there are indeed many advantages, but China's Chinese bees due to small individuals, low degree of domestication, also have their own advantages, such as good at using sporadic honey sources, strong viability and so on.
Because the Italian bee belongs to the foreign species, the domestic bee species have a greater invasiveness, especially the Italian bee worker bee size and the Chinese bee male bee size is the same, it is very easy to "impersonate" the male bee of the bee into the bee colony of the bee to kill the queen bee, resulting in the extinction of the bee colony, which can be said to have become the main contradiction between the chinese bee breeder and the Italian bee farmer, and even some beekeepers believe that the current disappearance of the bee in many plain areas is related to the introduction of the Italian bee.
In terms of honey, because Italy is famous for collecting honey in China, the "soil honey" that China has pursued for a long time in the past is less and less, and the taste is getting worse and worse, and all of this, many consumers think is caused by Italian bees, so Italian bees not only do not like beekeepers, consumers do not like it.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="58" > the current beekeeping industry pain point analysis</h1>
To say that the current beekeeping industry pain point analysis, in fact, the key is that the output is not difficult, sales are difficult, but if we in-depth analysis can find that the pain points are still relatively many, of course, from a commercial point of view, there are pain points, there must be business opportunities, just to see if we can seize, according to the bee tribe Xiaobian's understanding of the current beekeeping industry, the current beekeeping industry at least has the following pain points.
First: the beekeeping industry faces no successor
This is a more serious problem in the current beekeeping industry, the specific current age composition of beekeepers is not known, but according to the data revealed by Song Xinfang, vice chairman of the Chinese Beekeeping Society, in a public report:
"In 2019, China's beekeepers are mainly couples over the age of 50, accounting for more than 65% of beekeepers, of which 75% are fixed breeding, 30% are mobile stocking, about 30% are 30% of beekeepers aged 30 to 50, and less than 5% are under 30 years old."
What a terrible data, from this data point of view, young people do not want to keep bees at all, and as a beekeeping family according to the understanding of the bee tribe editor, almost no one is willing to take over their children in the future to take over their own beekeeping "big business", the more professional beekeepers do not want their descendants to beekeeping in the future, and the breeding of Italian bees, if it is not family heirloom or family breeding, the failure rate is very high, so the future of bee breeding, has faced a huge challenge.
Second: the extremization of bee farming
Bee tribe xiaobian has said many times that a problem, no matter how consumers and bee farmers spray, the breeding of Italian bees is still the main body of the beekeeping industry, this fact can be said to have existed from the past to the present, but whether the future continues to exist, the bee tribe xiaobian is not confident.
It is undeniable that the bee products produced by the Italian bee are abundant, although the bee products produced by the Italian bees and the bee products produced by the Chinese bees are not much different, but the bee products that the Chinese bees can be used for sale are actually a small amount of beeswax in addition to honey, and the bee pollen, royal jelly, and propolis that we often hear about are all Italian bee products, which is why the Italian bee looks unpopular in China, but it can occupy the mainstream in The key.
At present, the breeding of Italian bees has not been able to make money, and the price paid is not a lot, the sales of honey are becoming more and more difficult, especially in recent years, China's vigorous development of rural areas, more than the industry of breeding bees to make money, so many beekeepers have withdrawn from the beekeeping industry, to the current data of beekeepers, the future either Italian honey price increases, Italian bee farming has become a standard occupation, and the income will not be lower than the general salary income, otherwise the breeding of Italian bees is facing no one to follow up it is only a matter of time.
The reason is very simple, the breeding of Italian bees needs to travel all over the country for a long time, constantly migrating bee colonies, in fact, the physical strength that needs to be consumed is very large, although the current Italian bee breeding in China has a small amount of mechanization, but it is only limited to transportation, the bee colony of getting on and off the car and taking honey, etc. all need to be completed manually, and taking royal jelly, collecting bee pollen These complicated work, it is more difficult for young people to complete, and with the social welfare getting better and better, if there is no huge temptation in the beekeeping industry, It simply does not attract the attention of young people.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="59" bee farming ushered in a new life in ></h1>
In contrast, although the situation of the Chinese bees does not seem to be a climate at present, it meets the requirements of the future era. Bee breeding is simple, at present can also be wild, even in the place where honey sources are scarce, the bees will also use a large amount of honey storage during the honey flow period to store more honey, in order to meet the needs of the long winter, so even in the place where honey sources are scarce, the general Chinese bees also have a small amount of production, if scientific breeding, the honey bee production is actually not low.
In terms of honey collection ability, Chinese bees are indeed inferior to Italian bees, but Chinese bees have the habit of early honey harvesting and early harvesting, which makes up for the honey collection ability, and Chinese bees are good at using the characteristics of sporadic honey sources, which are also doomed to their requirements for honey sources that are not as high as Italian bees, so breeding Chinese bees, without full-time can also breed well, but want to breed Italian bees, full-time but also good technology, and future young people can suffer less and less, for the Italian bees that kind of refined breeding methods, Young people have that patience will be less and less, so in the future breeding bees, the choice of Chinese bees will be more and more people, in fact, we can pay attention to observe, now in many parts of the countryside there are large-scale Chinese honey bee farms.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" >Why is Guizhou the most advantageous in china? </h1>
Perhaps when it comes to letting Chinese bees help rural revitalization, Guizhou has the greatest advantage, many friends will think that the reason for this idea is mainly that the team of our bee tribe is the Guizhou team. It is undeniable that as a Guizhou person, this can also be said to be a reason, but this reason is also based on our team's understanding of Guizhou, and in fact, Guizhou does have the unique advantage of developing Chinese bee farming, we may wish to take a specific look.
First: The structure of Guizhou is in line with modern Chinese bee farming
From the structure of Guizhou, in fact, Guizhou has a variety of climates, the weather in the north of Guizhou is relatively cold, the south is relatively warm, the southwest is almost no winter weather all year round, and the climate in the southeast is relatively mild, in fact, this is more in line with the modern bee farming.
Want to bees can also collect a lot of honey, transfer bees is still a good choice, and Guizhou has the characteristics of winter long from the south to the north, which is very satisfying for the characteristics of Chinese bees suitable for small transfers, and also reduces the large-scale transfer cost of the country's north-south transfer, that is to say, Guizhou can achieve a small transfer in the province to meet the needs of bees for honey sources, but this demand is that small honey sources can also be used, which can be said to be the tailor-made land of Chinese bees, And Italian bees have high requirements for honey sources. Even in Guizhou, it is difficult to meet the huge demand.
Second: Guizhou has a special geomorphology
In the Three Kingdoms era, people used to use barren land to describe the southwest region, as the main province in the southwest region, in fact, Guizhou took into account the climatic conditions of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, such as Guizhou Zunyi Xishui County is a typical Sichuan climate, and Qianxian Xingyi is a typical Yunnan climate, although in the Three Kingdoms period is not optimistic about the geographical environment of the southwest region, but for the breeding of Chinese bees, this is the paradise of Chinese bees, the reason is that Chinese bees are good at using sporadic honey sources.
In modern terms, Guizhou has a typical karst landform, such as Wanfeng Forest, Maling River Gorge, Fanjing Mountain, etc. can be said to be typical of typical karst landforms, and such a landform has formed a complex three-dimensional honey source structure, providing a lukewarm living environment for bees, so that bees can collect honey for a longer time and can use more honey sources, and such honey sources, Italian bees are difficult to use.
Third: Guizhou has a good foundation for Chinese bee farming
Many friends may not pay attention, in fact, Guizhou in the Chinese bee breeding, there is really a relatively deep accumulation, we can look at this problem from the talent, enterprise, bee species.
(1) Talent: In terms of talents, there are currently more successful beekeeping enterprises in Guizhou, and these enterprises have accumulated a large number of modern beekeeping talents, who are good at using modern beekeeping technology, proficient in modern beekeeping tools and means of transport, to a certain extent, their work efficiency is much higher than that of the previous generation.
In terms of the accumulation of breeding technology, Guizhou has a well-known domestic beekeeping expert Xu Zuyin, Xu Zuyin teacher can be said to not only study the bees in Guizhou, but also become the bee "database" of Guizhou, engaged in bee research for more than 40 years, its independent or joint published academic works reached 14, published more than 200 papers, most of which have special records and research on Guizhou beekeeping industry, it can be said that this is a rare research masterpiece in small areas across the country, which is the bottom of Guizhou beekeeping.
(2) Established enterprises have formed brands: In Guizhou's local enterprises, we are familiar with Yelang Bee Industry, Guizhou Fuzi Bee Industry Group (formerly Baihua Bee Industry) and various cooperatives and bee companies that have emerged later, which can be said to have accumulated valuable experience and a good foundation for Guizhou.
According to the understanding of the small editor of the bee tribe, Guizhou Fuzi Bee Industry Group mainly focuses on Chinese bee breeding, and has established a number of ecological beekeeping bases in Anshun Huangguo tree, Guiyang Taoyuan River, Xishui and other places, driving the number of employees to more than 1,000 people, and has formed an industrial chain from breeding to processing to sales.
(3) Bee species: From the perspective of bee species, in fact, the local bee species in Guizhou have formed different habits due to large climate differences, such as guizhou Nayong bee grumpiness is more famous, and Guizhou's changeable climatic conditions have also formed characteristics suitable for breeding bee species in many parts of the country, which is also the advantage of Guizhou.
(4) Guizhou has a lot of historical precipitation: from the original breeding point of view, Guizhou as a mountainous area, Guizhou also has a wealth of experience in beekeeping, especially after the modern breeding, with the help of professionals and agricultural experts in Guizhou Province, to solve the pain points of insufficient honey source in beekeeping and the pain points of honey nest insects in beekeeping, so that Guizhou beekeeping has also begun to take off. According to relevant information:
In 2019, the number of Chinese bees farmed in Guizhou Province reached 510,000 groups, accounting for one-tenth of the number of Chinese bees in the country, and the number of beekeepers in 9 prefectures and cities in the province reached 41,000.
It can be seen that the cultivation of Chinese honey in Guizhou not only has deep roots, but also solves a large number of employment problems in Guizhou.
Fourth: the development of Chinese bee farming is more conducive to the development of agriculture in Guizhou
At the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress held in March this year, the government work report put forward that "the key to ensuring food security is seeds and other places, emphasizing the need to strengthen the protection of cultivated land, curb the "non-farming" of cultivated land, prevent "non-grainization", and strictly abide by the red line of 1.8 billion cultivated land."
As an important pollinator in nature, it is of great significance for Guizhou to develop Chinese honeybee farming. Guizhou's special geographical environment has determined the development of suitable for the development of Chinese honey, and the sufficient number of Chinese bees will provide a guarantee for the yield of agricultural products in Guizhou, Chinese bees are good at using sporadic honey sources, not that Chinese bees can not use large honey sources, but when there is no honey source in the outside world, Chinese bees can also use less honey sources, which is the advantage of Chinese bees compared with Italian bees.
Guizhou belongs to is also a large agricultural province, the output of crops in addition to our common rice, corn, wheat, soybeans and the like, in fact, there are a large number of fruits, and a wide variety of fruits, according to relevant data show that Guizhou fruit planting area reached more than 9 million acres, and Guizhou actually breeds the number of Western bees is not much, only a few areas sporadic occurrence or mobile breeding of beekeepers occasionally appear, and Guizhou's special climatic conditions determine that Italian bees can not survive in Guizhou for a long time, Therefore, it is of greater significance to solve the problem of crop pollination in Guizhou and develop Chinese bee breeding.
Fifth: the development of Chinese bee farming is in line with future needs
In the past, there were countless statements about the barren and backward land of Guizhou, but after several years of development, not only people in China looked at Guizhou with disdain, but even many people in the world also looked at Guizhou with admiration, and even many people have forgotten that "the sky is not clear, the earth is not three miles flat, and no people have three points of silver" is specially used to describe Guizhou, but recalls the prediction of Liu Bowen, a strategist of the Ming Dynasty 500 years ago: "A thousand rivers in jiangnan, a thousand mountains in the clouds, five hundred years later, yungui wins over jiangnan."
Indeed, the development of tourism in Guizhou in recent years is obvious to all, and the service is also obvious to all. Bee tribe Xiaobian once saw a website dedicated to the world bridge ranking, according to the 2019 records of this website, the world's top 100 bridge rankings, China has more than 80, and of these more than 80 bridges, Guizhou accounts for more than half, the world's top ten bridges, Guizhou 5 on the list, in fact, this is not only the development of bridges, but also the development of Guizhou Expressway, today, Guizhou's highways are still increasing, the future of Guizhou every corner, tourists can reach, and such results, It will inevitably lead to the development of tourism in Guizhou, and when tourism develops, agricultural products will naturally be sold.
As a traditional natural food, native honey is more special, now the price is only increasing, the key is that it is difficult to distinguish serious fake, so the soil honey to the Internet is difficult to sell out, even if 50 yuan a pound is also very difficult, but many friends do not know, Guizhou's local honey, in fact, almost all 150 yuan a pound of price sales, high even two or three hundred a pound, this kind of sales is offline sales, no mail costs and packaging costs, to consumer habits, the future of this way of selling soil honey, May still be the mainstream, which is the advantage that Guizhou has.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="61" > problem is also obvious</h1>
Although it is of great significance to the development of Chinese bee farming in Guizhou, the problems it faces are not small, and it can be said that it has been faced in the past. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
First, there are fewer programs and policies to promote bee farming in China: although Guizhou has also been supporting bee farming, the bee farming industry is still relatively small compared to other industries.
The second is that there is no scientific management system: at present, experts and scholars in the field of beekeeping have been studying the development of bee breeding in Guizhou, and are also facing more problems, but they want to solve the problem of financial and service support, such as the problem of pesticide poisoning of bees has always been a pain point in the bee breeding industry, if you can form a scientific management system, let the strength, experienced institutions or enterprises join the management, scientifically establish a beekeeping base, implement scientific transition and pesticide application, It can not only reduce the risk of pesticide residues in honey, but also reduce the risk of pesticide poisoning in bees.
The third is to learn "door-based": because there is no special training institution for bee breeding or training institutions that are not in place, the fish and dragons are mixed, resulting in the technology of breeding bees, either relying on family heirlooms, or "door-schooling" (an experienced beekeeper with several apprentices), resulting in although the beekeeping technology is constantly improving, the problems are constantly being found, but these newly discovered problems and technologies enter the beekeeping "database" very little, once the problem of beekeepers no longer keep bees, these technologies and problems are equal to loss, It is also necessary to wait for the discovery of the next beekeeper, so it is also a major problem facing the establishment and improvement of academic exchanges and scientific research innovations in beekeeping technology, establishing a Guizhou beekeeping "database", recording new findings of beekeeping at all times, and providing reference for future generations.