There are generally two particularly profound impressions of the Yuan Dynasty established by the Mongols: the first is the ancient and modern Geisha martial arts.
Mongol army
The second is brutal and terrible bloody tyranny.
Rise up to the people
The formation of the second impression is partly derived from the real Yuan Dynasty system, such as the prototype of "ten households and one kitchen knife" is the weapon control of the Yuan Dynasty, some are summaries of social forms, such as "the "four-class system" is a summary of the ethnic discrimination policy of the Yuan Dynasty and the illegal code system, and some such as the "First Night Right" is an unverifiable rumor.
girlish
According to legend, the Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty took power in China, and the Mongol magistrates had the right to the first night of the night over the women in the places under their jurisdiction, and the newlywed women had to go to the Mongolian magistrate's house three nights before (implicitly). In this humiliating oppression, the Han people formed a tragic means of resistance full of blood and tears - the head-throwing fetus. Every woman's first child must fall to death to maintain the purity of the Chinese bloodline.
The emergence of the "right to the first night" will naturally lead to the idea of "falling head", and to verify whether the "first night" really exists, it is necessary to start from the "right to the first night".
At present, neither the history recorded by the Yuan Dynasty itself nor the history recorded by the later dynasties has described the "right to the first night" of the Yuan Dynasty. If this privilege had existed systematically, even if the Yuan Dynasty itself covered it up, its destroyer, the Ming Dynasty, would not deliberately cover it up, and would certainly try to pass on the people's hatred for the Yuan Dynasty.
At present, there is no written information to explain, even if it indirectly implies the existence of the "first night power" of the Mongols in the Yuan Dynasty. However, we can find its possible abuse in the written materials - "Embers". According to legend, the "Ember Records" written for Xu Dazhuo, a remnant of the Southern Song Dynasty, is the only ancient written material associated with the "Right of the First Night".
According to the Records of embers, the Yuan army of the Southern Expedition killed on a large scale after invading Suzhou and brutally ruled the survivors:
The scourge of the Northern Soldiers, the killing was ignored, and even the children were tied to high poles, and those who shot their tricks gambled on sheep wine. After the chaos, more than 100,000 bones were inspected and buried in the Northwest Zhoushu Bridge in Taowu, with the inscription Wan Zhong. After the Ding Revolution, twenty families were compiled into A, and the northerners were the A masters, dressed and fed only as they wanted, virgin boys and girls were only ordered, and those who committed suicide did not know how many. ...... After the Ding Revolution, there were masters in urban and rural areas, slave wives and daughters, and those who had lofty ideals were self-imposed.
The true author and credibility of the Ember Records are disputed, and the book was "kept in an exquisitely framed album of calligraphy and paintings" until the seventeenth year of Guangxu (1891) when it was copied by Li Mo from Xu Shaozhai in Jinling. It sounds like "Chongzhen Pengyin is old, Wuzhong is long drought, the city dweller buys water and eats, and the contenders are in conflict with the Tao." On the eighth day of midwinter, the Chengtian Temple Wolf Mountain House Junxiao Well, the iron letter was heavy, the chalk was ashes, and the Zheng Sixiao's "History of the Heart" obtained by Qi Zhi was quite similar. Therefore, some people have always regarded "Embers" and "History of the Heart" as sister books.
The content of the Embers chronicle corresponds to the History of the Heart. Like the "History of the Heart", there is also the problem of "chronicles are also inconsistent with history". For example, after the Yuan army invaded Suzhou, it carried out a massacre, but in fact, the Yuan army entered Pingjiang Province (Suzhou) twice without fighting. The History of the Yuan Dynasty (vol. 127, Column 14 Boyan) says:
First, Pingjiang Shouqian said that he was friendly, and sentenced Hu Yu and others to surrender the city and restore it to the basis of the Song people. Jia Chen, the army of The Second Pingjiang, the capital of Wang Bangjie, and the Tongjue Wang Zhizhi led the crowd to surrender.
Leaving aside the discussion of the credibility of the book and the actual author, assuming that the northerner lord of the "slave wife and daughter" is a fact, this story is also far from the legendary "Mongol First Night Power". Because, the Yuan took the Han army as the main force to kill the Song, and after the fall of the Song, the Daru Huachi in the southern part of the han people in the north was not known. If the Yuan army in the south really needs to divide 20 households of the southern people with one person from the north, most of the commanders should also be Han, Khitan and Jurchen soldiers of the northern Han nationality. As for whether the commander of the Northern Army is fighting with soldiers and men to make a blessing, and even whether the slaves' children, wives and daughters can be equated with the "right to the first night" of the system, there is no need to discuss.
So where did the phrase "Right to the First Night" come from?
The famous film "Braveheart" depicts the "first night power" of the English lords against the Scots to show the evil of the alien rulers. The rape of women by the invaders can touch people's nerves more than the massacre, not to mention that this long-term insult is "systematic".
Brave heart
The girl who was taken away
From this point, it can be seen that in order to incite the hatred of the natives against foreign invaders, the "Right of the First Night" is a very good weapon.
During the modern Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, when the Taiping Army broke through from Yong'an in Guangxi and entered the territory of Hunan, yang Xiuqing, the Eastern King, and Xiao Chaogui, the Western King, jointly issued the "Four-Square Decree of Fengtian Seeking Hu Tanbu", which contained the following contents:
China has Chinese people, the former pseudo-demon Kangxi, secretly ordered Tarzi to manage ten families, and fornicated chinese women, because they wanted Chinese people to be husse.
Obviously, the "Right of the First Night" in the Yuan Dynasty is most likely the result of the fermentation and superposition of the relevant contents of the "Ember Records" and the "Fengtian Discussion of Hu Tanbu Four-Square Sayings" in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and may even be influenced by the "First Night Right" of the bully landlords in Suzhou, Lu, Henan, Xinjiang and other places at that time to the lower classes, as well as the "Medieval Lord's First Night Power", which was a Western rumor.
Beautiful maiden
After the Sino-Japanese War and the gengzi state change, the "Tongguang Zhongxing" was completely defeated, and China completely degenerated into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The Qing government ruled corruptly at home, betrayed the interests of the state, and became an agent of the interests of the great powers, and its majesty was swept away. The direct consequence of the loss of all illusions of the Qing government by the common intellectuals was that the anti-Manchu consciousness of natural primitive nationalism rapidly expanded into a trend of thought like a fiery fire. The "History of the Heart", "Ember Yulu", "Ten Diaries of Yangzhou", Du Wenxiu's "Xingshi Tanwen", and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's "Fengtian Quartet of Hu Tanbu" have all been used as materials for propagating "Hu and Han are not separated" by the ideological trend. After all, the Kangxi Dynasty was too close to the revolutionaries in time, and it was not suitable for the occurrence of the "Tazijia Long Night Power". This is probably one of the reasons why the version we see today is the "Right of the First Night of the Yuan Dynasty" rather than the "Right of the First Night of the Qing Dynasty". Zhou Zuoren, born in 1885, wrote in 1926 that the only rumor he knew of related to the Right of the First Night in China was that "the Yuan people had exercised this right over the Han Chinese":
To pile on the enemy of the "Tatars" all the evil deeds of foreign invasions in successive dynasties and dynasties, plus the evil deeds of the ruling class against the lower classes, is actually a political means. Therefore, the statement "right to the first night" can basically be concluded to be a rumor, or a means in a specific environment.
Expelled the Tatars and restored China
In fact, due to the underdevelopment of productivity in ancient times, it is already difficult for women to produce healthy babies in April, and the price paid by civilian families for a female child to give birth is very large, so large that it is absolutely impossible to kill a healthy baby willfully, unless the baby itself has a problem, of course, this is another topic.
People will naturally resent the invading foreign tribes, but respecting historical facts is also a manifestation of my generation's self-respect and self-love and self-confidence, I hope this article can make you more objective understanding of the fact of "falling head".