In his later years, Tu | Zhuoxiong served as director of the Political Department of the North Manchurian Hejiang Military Region
On April 29, 1947, Tan Zheng, director of the Political Department of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, put a report on his desk.
The report was written by Zhuo Xiong, then director of the Political Department of the North Manchurian Hejiang Military Region, and in addition to talking about the army building and the work of suppressing bandits in the past six months of the Northeast Democratic United Army, it also mentioned many problems. For example, in rectifying the local troops, some of the units are not consolidated internally, and the composition is very complicated, and the police, secret agents, goons, and chiefs account for more than half. There are also some cadres with complex and unreliable histories.
In addition, Zhuo Xiong also emphasized in the report that a very serious phenomenon of corruption was found in the cadre contingent, including even some old comrades from Guannei.
In fact, before Zhuo Xiong submitted this report, the Northeast Bureau had already discovered various problems in the cadre contingent and formulated strict measures to put an end to problems such as cadre corruption.
In August 1946, the Northeast Bureau issued the "Instruction on Combating Corruption and Waste", requiring local government agencies to conduct a detailed internal inventory, although these people accounted for a small proportion of the team, but the harm was very large.
In April 1947, the 13th issue of the publication "Masses" published by the Organs of the Northeast Bureau also issued a special number, and published some typical cases, among the 16 cadres who were notified, Yang Qinghai's situation belonged to a special category. This person not only openly engaged in corruption, but even was provoked by the enemy to defect and defect to the enemy, causing a bad impact.
Pictured | Tan Zheng
Undercurrents are surging
On August 15, 1945, after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang authorities headed by Chiang Kai-shek plotted to launch a civil war, and the peace that the Chinese people had long awaited was shrouded in a cloud.
At that time, both the Kuomintang and the Communists realized that the northeast was strategically dangerous in the future, and in the face of this situation, the CPC Central Committee made the strategic principle of "developing to the north and defending to the south" and actively made arrangements:
"As long as I can control the two provinces of Northeast China and Recha, and have the people of the liberated areas and the whole country cooperate in the struggle, I can guarantee the victory of the Chinese people."
A large number of cadres were sent to the northeast to enrich various localities, and the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee began its work in Shenyang in September 1945, and successively established the North Manchuria Sub-bureau and the North Manchuria Military Region, and North Manchuria quickly became the rear base of our army rooted in the northeast. However, many cadres and fighters who have just entered the northeast show obvious discomfort with the life of entering the city.
After the defeat in the Siping Defense War, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China re-established the leadership of the Northeast Bureau in July 1946, and Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Chen Yun, Gao Gang, and others jointly drafted the "Seven-Seven Resolution" of the Northeast Bureau, in which the resolution pointed out:
"Many cadres who have arrived in the northeast have no understanding of protracted wars and hard work, have no mental preparations, many are obsessed with urban life, lack the determination to go to the countryside, lack the viewpoint of the masses, and the mood of pleasure, corruption, and war weariness among cadres is growing, which is the most dangerous phenomenon within the party."
However, just three months after the July 7 resolution was drafted, Yang Qinghai, then deputy commander of the fifth detachment of Yilan County of the Hejiang Military Region, defected to the enemy. Before Joining our army, Yang Qinghai had a very complicated experience.
In 1916, Yang Qinghai was born in Changchun, Jilin Province, in the years after the fall of the northeast, Yang Qinghai had joined the local security forces, self-defense regiments and Japanese puppet army units, until 1940, Yang Qinghai led the pseudo cavalry thirty regiments part, joined the anti-coalition, and later the anti-coalition suffered defeat under the blows of the Japanese puppet army, Yang Qinghai followed the anti-coalition into the Soviet Union, until September 1945, followed the Soviet Red Army back to the northeast.
During his time in the Soviet Union, Yang Joined the Communist Party of China.
In fact, from his early revolutionary experience, Yang Qinghai can also be regarded as a strong-willed fighter, but his complex origins eventually led him to another diametrically opposed path.
In November 1945, the Northeast Bureau sent cadres to the Hejiang area to open up a base area, and formed the Sanjiang People's Autonomous Region, and at the same time established the Hejiang Military Region.
The Hejiang Military Region was initially led by the North Manchuria Military Region, and only later was it transferred to the direct leadership of the Headquarters of the Northeast Democratic United Army, and with the approval of the Headquarters of the Northeast Democratic United Army, He Jinnian was appointed commander of the Hejiang Military Region, and the Military Region established four military sub-districts. It also administers four detachments, five detachments, artillery regiments, cavalry regiments and other units.
Among them, the Hejiang First Military Subdistrict administers four counties: Boli, Yilan, Linkou and Huanan.
After Yang Qinghai returned to China with the Soviet Red Army, he first served as the deputy commander of the Defense of Yilan City of the Soviet Red Army, and after the establishment of the Sanjiang People's Autonomous Army, he also served as the commander of the Yilan Commander of the Sanjiang People's Autonomous Army, the commander of the 19th Regiment, and the deputy commander of the Fifth Detachment of the Hejiang Provincial Military Region.
After suffering endlessly, Yang Qinghai was finally able to raise his eyebrows. However, he soon became corrupt and degenerate.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the situation in the northeast was extremely complicated, and although our army sent many cadres to enter, at the same time, the forces of the Kuomintang, Japanese secret agents, Japanese puppet armies, bandits, and other forces were intertwined, and there was an undercurrent, causing many obstacles to the construction of our army's rear base areas.
It is worth mentioning that on February 3, 1946, more than 10,000 old Japanese soldiers in Tonghua Province, Andong Province, instigated by Kuomintang agents, launched a riot, which was finally pacified by our army.
The situation around Yilan County at that time was also very complicated, not only the puppet Manchu military police and officials still controlled the local government, but even many secret agents also took the opportunity to mix into the troops.
Wu Hantao, chairman of the Kuomintang's Hejiang Province, and Li Tianmin, the receiving commissioner of Hejiang Province, bribed and organized the bandit leaders Xie Wendong and Li Huatang, who were occupying the northeast. He also took the opportunity to co-opt and corrupt the cadres of the Eighth Route Army.
At the end of 1945, the Kuomintang agent Fan Bin and the spies sent by Li Huatang broke into Yilan County and colluded with Luan Fengwen, the captain of Yang Qinghai's car.
At lunch, the three discussed how to co-opt Communist Party cadres.
"The county magistrate and secretary heard that they were all sent by Guannei, which is definitely impossible, and I think we can only start from Yang Qinghai, who is sad about the beauty of Guan!"
Luan Fengwen followed Yang Qinghai for a period of time and knew the style of the Communist Party's troops very well, but he was also very familiar with Yang Qinghai and knew the situation of this person, so he told the Kuomintang agents and interrogated him.
The figure | the former site of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in North Manchuria
Fan Bin thought of a few days ago, a "wonderful plan" came to mind:
"That fireworks woman on West Street, Xin Da girl, his father was just arrested by Yang Qinghai a few days ago because of setting up a gambling game, and I think I can make some articles from her."
Luan Fengwen then matched her with each other and introduced the xin girl and Yang Qinghai.
This Big Xin girl, whose real name is Xin Aiyu, was originally a wind and dust woman, and the two sides hit it off immediately.
Just as Luan Fengwen predicted, Yang Qinghai was born in the military and had not received revolutionary ideological education, although he also joined the Communist Party of China during the Soviet period, but it was still difficult to change the bad habits of that year.
Especially after the Soviet Red Army entered the city, Yang Qinghai's idea of coveting pleasure was out of control, Xin Aiyu automatically sent to the door, which can also be regarded as a vote for it, and the two soon became like glue, out of control. Even openly accepting Qi as his aunt, Yang Qinghai also transformed into a protective umbrella for local hooligans.
Hejiang counterinsurgency
Where in the world is there an impermeable wall, Yang Qinghai's series of behaviors have long attracted the attention of people around him.
At the beginning of 1946, Yang Qinghai's wife returned from the Soviet Union, and soon became aware of her husband's abnormal behavior, and even once bumped into Xin Aiyu in the room, although Yang Qinghai, who heard the news, lied about "introducing the object to the old subordinates" and temporarily covered up the past, but Yang Qinghai's behavior had already caused a storm in the city.
Pictured| the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army suppressed bandits in the Mudanjiang area
Yang Qinghai knew that with his own actions, among the disciplined Eighth Route Army, there was absolutely no benefit, and he had long been thinking of a way out. Luan Fengwen took the opportunity to introduce Fan Bin, a Kuomintang agent, to Yang Qinghai. Through Li Huatang's matchmaking, Yang Qinghai also got in touch with Wu Hantao, chairman of the Kuomintang's Hejiang Province, and Li Tianmin, the receiving commissioner of Hejiang Province, and accepted the Kuomintang's appointment.
In July 1946, Yang Qinghai quietly went to Harbin under the pretext of selling coal in the county to meet with Wang Jingxian, the head of the Kuomintang authorities' northeast expansion army.
After returning to Yilan, Yang Qinghai began to recruit troops.
Yang Qinghai's series of unusual moves attracted the attention of the Hejiang Military Region, but at that time the military region only received a report on Yang Qinghai's work style problems, and there was no substantive evidence of his contacts with enemy special agents and bandits; Zhang Wentian, then secretary of the Hejiang Provincial CPC Committee and political commissar of the Hejiang Military Region, after consulting with He Jinnian, commander of the Hejiang Military Region, decided to transfer Yang Qinghai to the training class of the Jiamusi Military Region to study in order to find out his problems.
Yang Qinghai, who was originally pregnant with a ghost fetus, also knew what this meant, and after feng was transferred to the training class of the Jiamusi Military Region, he made several noises to leave, and also asked He Jinnian for leave on the pretext.
He Jinnian's attitude made Yang Qinghai realize that he might be exposed. So taking advantage of the lax management, Yang Qinghai fled back to Yilan.
Yang Qinghai first found his nephew Yang Yongshan, who was serving as the deputy company commander of the 2nd Battalion and 6th Company of the Independent Regiment, and when he heard about Yang Qinghai's plan to rebel, Yang Yongshan, who had always coveted wealth and nobility, immediately agreed, Yang Qinghai personally drew a map of the city defense of Yilan County, and after explaining the deployment of the city, Tuo Luan Fengwen sent the city diplomacy to Li Huatang to discuss armed rebellion
On October 8, 1946, after Luan Fengwen and Li Huatang met, the two sides agreed to start work two days later.
However, on the day of the 10th, the main cadres in the city held a meeting to send off Yang Qinghai, who was about to go to Jiamusi to study, because the meeting was strictly guarded, Yang Qinghai did not find the opportunity to start, until the end of the meeting, Yang Qinghai returned home, at that time, more than 30 people who were co-opted and corroded by him were already at home waiting for him to return.
Yang Qinghai personally arranged to act in the barracks, and Yang Yongshan took advantage of the fact that the battalion commander was not paying attention and drew his gun to kill him.
Figure | the meeting of senior cadres of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army to formulate operational guidelines
During the entire rebellion, Yang Qinghai killed a total of 3 cadres from Guannei. At the same time, more than 400 li huatang bandits outside the city launched an attack on Yilan, and after invading the city, the rebels met with the bandits and attacked the Yilan County Party Committee, the public security bureau, prisons and other places.
After receiving the news of Yang Qinghai's rebellion, the Yilan County Party Committee immediately organized forces to suppress the rebellion, and this group of rabble-rousers led by Yang Qinghai and Li Huatang was not an opponent at all.
Until dawn, the cavalry company of bandits outside the city returned to the city to quell the rebellion, and in desperation, Yang Qinghai had to carry more than 150 people from the two companies of the independent regiment to withdraw from the county seat of Yilan County.
In addition to the 11 people who participated in the counter-rebellion, there were still more than 150 people in two companies who were taken away by Yang Qinghai, and the rebels also took away more than 160 guns, as well as some machine guns and grenadiers.
After Yang Qinghai and Li Huatang left the county seat with their troops, they occupied the area of Dalian River and No. 8 in Yilan County.
The Kuomintang authorities also trumpeted the news of Yang Qinghai's rebellion in the newspapers, which had a very bad impact on the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army, which was developing at that time.
Pictured| He Jinnian
He Jinnian, commander of the Hejiang Military Region, learned of yang Qinghai's defection and immediately gathered the military region's cavalry brigade, the 359 brigade cavalry regiment, and the 8th infantry regiment to go to Yilan County to suppress the bandits.
After Yang Qinghai defected, not only did he not flee, but instead boldly packed the regiment out of the woods and attacked a battalion of the 14th Regiment at Zi'er Gongzi, because the incident occurred suddenly, our army was a bit passive for a while, but He Jinnian, after learning of the bandit attack, immediately led his troops to break the siege, not to beware of being ambushed by Li Huatang's troops who were ambushed at the top of the hill, and the two sides were deadlocked for a while, or He Jinnian personally commanded the guard platoon and robbed the commanding heights occupied by Li Huatang's bandits, which repelled the attack of the bandits.
The next day, after the hejiang military region's three-way bandit troops were concentrated, He Jinnian commanded the troops to launch a fierce attack on Yang Qinghai's bandits.
Yang Qinghai knew that he had encountered the main force of the military region, and immediately commanded the rebel troops to retreat and enter the primeval jungle.
In line with the principle of eliminating evil and doing everything possible, He Jinnian immediately led his troops to pursue them fiercely after repelling the bandit army, at this time Li Huatang's troops bribed the hunters to show the way, and the rebels retreated all the way to the vicinity of the Hanchun River.
After consulting with Tan Youlin, He Jinnian decided not to alarm the rebels and to make a quiet encirclement: the 14th Regiment of the Songjiang Military Sub-district attacked head-on, the 359th Brigade Cavalry Brigade flanked and the right wing of the cavalry regiment closed.
However, due to the misfire of a soldier's gun, alarming the bandits who were surrounded, Yang Qinghai saw the situation and immediately fled with his sister-in-law Xin Aiyucang.
In the melee, Yang Qinghai and Li Huatang were scattered separately, Yang Qinghai only led more than 20 of his men to highlight the encirclement of our army, and Li Huatang fled to the southwest with more than a hundred people.
Although Yang Qinghai looked quite bleak at this time, but even more bleak was undoubtedly Li Huatang, he carried more people, the target was also the largest, in November 1946, Li Huatang was surrounded by the Hejiang Military Region bandit troops in the east of Yilan County, after a melee the whole army was destroyed, Li Huatang himself was wounded and arrested, because of his serious injuries, died in the middle of the escort.
With the pursuit of our army later, Yang Qinghai was also terrified.
Yang Qinghai's concubine Xin Aiyu was wounded in the melee and was eventually captured by our army, but Yang Qinghai himself was missing.
In fact, after highlighting the encirclement, Yang Qinghai was also a little discouraged, and later hid in Changchun to catch a big car for a living. Later, he wandered to Shenyang and made a living by setting up stalls.
In August 1951, Yang Qinghai was recognized for setting up a street stall, and the Shenyang Municipal Public Security Bureau arrested him after an investigation, and Yang Qinghai confessed to what he had done, and was put to justice in Shenyang on August 28, 1951.
Lessons from the event
Yang Qinghai's corruption was not unique in northeast China during the Liberation War, especially in the early days of the Liberation War, including Wang Jifang, chief of the operations section of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army Command, who himself participated in the Long March and grew up in the revolutionary ranks, but he could not withstand the temptation.
The defection of the two had a very bad impact on the construction of the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army at that time.
In April 1947, in the 13th issue of the magazine "Masses" published by the Northeast Bureau, 16 cadres who were notified were published, and Yang Qinghai was only one of the people of a bad nature.
The figure | the image of Wang Jifang in the film and television drama
Chen Mou, the former director of the security department of the Mudanjiang Military Region, was a Yan'an Anti-Japanese War in 1938 during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and he joined the party the following year, but after he arrived in the northeast, he became infatuated with a 15-year-old girl, and also made a report to the organization to lie about applying for marriage at the age of 18, which was not approved by the organization, Chen began to make trouble, and after being approved to get married, Chen could not even take care of his work, and accompanied his wife all day to visit theaters and movie theaters, and also ate and drank in restaurants, causing a very bad impact in the minds of the people, and even lower-level cadres also talked about it: " The daughter-in-law is lost. ”
After Chen Mou arrived in the northeast, in the face of the grim situation in the northeast region, he did not pay attention to it, contrary to the party's policy of relying on the masses of the people, and his work of hoeing and defending the traitors never relied on the masses, but relied on the pseudo-Manchu police and hooligans, and as a result, these people grasped the power of local investigation, interrogation, arrest and release of people, and even the common people scolded:
"The Security Service is a puppet Manchu faction, nominally a Communist regime, but in fact these people are acting with legitimate power."
Because of the laxity in management, there are many problems.
An investigator himself not only smoked a lot of cigarettes, but also went to the brothel on the pretext of visiting the brothel, and after arresting the tobacco dealer, he could release the person with just some money.
Wang Mou, the former general manager of the North Manchuria Trading Company, had a luxurious life style and serious corruption, and after arriving in Harbin, Wang began to pursue a female college student, often going to shopping malls and movie theaters to play, home cameras, phonographs, tape recorders have everything, and also handed over to the guards a large amount of cash for their own squandering, and later it was confirmed that they were greedy for public funds, in order to cope with the inspection, Wang Mou himself also made false accounts.
Picture | publication "The Masses"
After all, they did not defect to the enemy like Yang Qinghai and Wang Jifang, but the evidence of corruption was sufficient, and both of them were duly punished.
The strongest fortresses are often easily breached from within.
In November 1945, the Kuomintang army mobilized heavy troops to attack Shanhaiguan, opening a passage from land into the northeast.
Although our army had the advantage of occupying the northeast in the early stage, under the attack of the Kuomintang army, it suffered a certain degree of losses and had to move north.
In addition to these objective factors in terms of weapons, equipment, and strength, our army's defeat is also related to the defection of opportunists and bandits hidden in the troops during this period, resulting in a general decrease in the number of personnel in various units participating in the war.
In January 1946, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Northeast Bureau organized troops to withdraw from Shenyang, Changchun and other major cities.
According to Zhuo Xiong, director of the Political Department of the North Manchurian Hejiang Military Region, in his 1947 anti-corruption report to the Political Department of the Northeast Democratic United Army, it is not difficult to see that from January 1946 to 1947, the Northeast Bureau and the Headquarters of the Northeast Democratic United Army made great efforts to correct the unhealthy atmosphere of the troops.
Zhuo Xiong mentioned a data in talking about the reorganization of the military region and the building of local troops:
"Some units are extremely unstable internally and have complex components. Policemen, spies, goons, and chiefs account for more than half. There are also some cadres with complex and unreliable histories. The superiors reorganized and purged these troops. The number of purges is counted by the whole military region as more than half of the cadres in the company platoon. ”
Of course, there is a more crucial problem, that is, the phenomenon of corruption among individual cadres. There are even many old comrades from Kannai at times.
Pictured| the bandit leader Li Huatang who was captured alive
In fact, the Northeast Bureau had already noticed this kind of corruption among individual cadres long before Zhuo Xiong's report, and the reasons for this situation should be viewed from two aspects.
First, the confusion of production relations, because in the past war years, the troops were operating behind enemy lines, and the replenishment of materials was all carried out independently by each locality, and the higher-level departments did not specifically manage such a situation;
Second, the individual will is weak, not firm, and even loses the revolutionary will, and after individual cadres enter the city, they are keen on pleasure under the temptation of money and beauty.
In view of this situation, the Northeast Bureau quickly made adjustments, intensified its efforts to straighten out the finance and economics, banned the remaining organs and units from engaging in commercial production except for the specially designated production departments, increased the rectification of organs and troops, eliminated the bad elements who had mixed into the revolutionary ranks and the corrupt elements who were not firm in their will, stepped up propaganda and education, and called on cadres to go deep into the rural areas and extensively carry out mass movements.
After continuous rectification, the revolutionary situation in the northeast region took a great turn, laying a deep foundation for the subsequent decisive battle with the Kuomintang army.