Ukraine
Introduction: Ukraine covers an area of 603,700 square kilometers, located in the east of Europe, the black sea, the north coast of the Sea of Azov, north of Belarus, northeast of Russia, west of Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, south of Romania, Moldova adjacent, most of the area belongs to the Eastern European Plain. Influenced by the warm and humid air flow of the Atlantic Ocean, most of the region has a temperate continental climate, and the southern part of the Crimean Peninsula has a subtropical climate. Industry and agriculture are relatively developed, and the main industrial sectors are metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, petroleum processing, shipbuilding, aerospace, aviation, etc.
Overview: Ukraine covers an area of 603,700 square kilometers (2.7% of the area of the former Soviet Union), is 1,300 kilometers long from east to west and 900 kilometers from north to south, and is located in eastern Europe, on the north shore of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It is bordered by Belarus to the north, Russia to the northeast, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, and Romania and Moldova to the south. Most of the region belongs to the Eastern European Plain. Mount Goverla in the Western Carpathian Mountains is the highest peak at 2,061 meters above sea level; in the south is the Crimean Mountains, Mount Roman-Kosh. To the northeast is part of the Central Russian Highlands, and to the southeast are the hills off the coast of the Sea of Azov and the Donets Ridge. There are 116 rivers over 100 miles in the territory, the longest of which is the Dnieper. There are more than 3,000 natural lakes in the territory, mainly including Lake Yalpg and Lake Sassac. Influenced by the warm and humid air flow of the Atlantic Ocean, most of the region has a temperate continental climate, and the southern part of the Crimean Peninsula has a subtropical climate. The average temperature in January is -7.4 °C, and the average temperature in July is 19.6 °C. The annual precipitation is 300 mm in the southeast and 600-700 mm in the northwest, mostly concentrated in June and July. The whole country of Ukraine is divided into 24 oblasts, 1 autonomous republic and 2 municipalities directly under the central government, with a total of 27 administrative divisions. The details are as follows: Crimean Autonomous Republic, Kiev Oblast, Vinnytska Oblast, Warren Oblast, Dnieropodrysk Oblast, Donetsk Oblast, Zhytomyr Oblast, Transcarpathian Oblast, Zaporozhia Oblast, Ivan-Frankov Oblast, Kirovgrad Oblast, Luhansk Oblast, Lviv Oblast, Nikolaiv Oblast Oblast, Odessa Oblast, Poltava Oblast Oblast, Rövno oblast, Sumiko Oblast, Ternopol Oblast Oblast, Kharkiv Oblast, Kherson Oblast Oblast, Khmelnytsky Oblast Oblast, Chernyko Oblast, Fu Oblast, Municipality of Kiev, Municipality of Sevastopol.
Ukraine's geographical location is important, the natural conditions are good, and it has historically been a place where soldiers and families must fight, so Ukraine has suffered from war. The Ukrainian nation is a branch of the Ancient Rus' people. The term "Ukraine" was first used in the History of Rus '(1187)." In the 912th century, much of present-day Ukraine was incorporated into Kievan Rus' . From 1237 to 1241, the Mongol Golden Horde (Batu) conquered Kiev and destroyed the city. In the 14th century it was ruled by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland. The Ukrainian nation was largely formed in the 15th century. In 1654, Eastern Ukraine was incorporated into Russia, and Western Ukraine gained autonomy within Russia. Western Ukraine was also incorporated into Russia in the 1790s. On December 12, 1917, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was established. The period from 1918 to 1920 was a period of armed foreign intervention. In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed, and Eastern Ukraine joined the Union, becoming one of the founding members of the Soviet Union. In November 1939, Western Ukraine was merged with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In August 1940, northern Bukovina and parts of Bessarabia were incorporated into Ukraine. In 1941, Ukraine was occupied by German fascists, and in October 1944, all of Ukraine was liberated. In October 1945, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic joined the United Nations as a non-independent state, together with the Soviet Union. On July 16, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Ukraine adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine, declaring that the Constitution and laws of Ukraine were superior to the laws of the Union and had the right to establish its own armed forces. On August 24, 1991, Ukraine broke away from the Soviet Union, declared its independence, and changed its name to Ukraine.
Flag: Rectangular in shape, consisting of two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles in blue and yellow on the top, with a length-to-width ratio of 3:2. Ukraine established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1917, became a republic of the former Soviet Union in 1922, and adopted a red flag with a five-pointed star, sickle and hammer similar to the original Soviet flag from 1952, except that the lower part of the flag was blue and wide-brimmed. Independence was declared in 1991 and the blue and yellow flags were the national flag when Ukraine's independence was restored in 1992.
Population: Ukraine has a total population of 46,886,400 (February 1, 2006). There are more than 110 ethnic groups, of which ukrainians account for more than 70%, and the others are Russian, Belarusian, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldovan, Polish, Hungarian, Romanian, Greek, German, Bulgarian and other ethnic groups. The official language is Ukrainian, with Russian common language. The main religions are Orthodox and Catholic. Ukraine's industry and agriculture are relatively developed. The main industrial sectors are metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, petroleum processing, shipbuilding, aerospace, aviation and so on. Rich in grain and sugar, its economic strength ranked second in the former Soviet Union, and it was known as the "granary" in the former Soviet Union. The three economic zones along the Donets-Dnieper River, namely the Jingji Region, the Southwest Economic Zone and the Southern Economic Zone, are relatively well developed in industry and agriculture, transportation and tourism. Coal, metallurgy, machinery and chemical industry are the four pillars of its economy. It has forests, grasslands, and many rivers running through it, and is rich in hydraulic resources. The forest cover is 4.3 per cent. There are 72 kinds of mineral resources, mainly coal, iron, manganese, nickel, titanium, mercury, lead, oil, natural gas and so on.
Major city kiev: Kyiv, the capital of the Republic of Ukraine, is located in north-central Ukraine, in the middle reaches of the Dnieper River, as a port and an important railway hub. Kiev has a long history and was the center of kievan rus' first Russian state, hence the title of "mother of Russian cities". Archaeology shows that Kiev was founded in the late 6th century and early 7th century AD. In 822 AD, it became the capital of the feudal state of Kievan Rus' and gradually prospered through trade. In 988 it was converted to Orthodox Christianity. The 10th and 11th centuries flourished and became known as the "City of Kings" on the Dnieper River. By the 12th century, Kiev had developed into a major European city with more than 400 churches, famous for its art and handicrafts. In 1240 it was captured by the Mongols, destroying many parts of the city and killing most of its inhabitants. It was occupied by the Duchy of Lithuania in 1362, annexed to Poland in 1569 and to Russia in 1686. In the 19th century, urban trade expanded and modern industry emerged. In the 1860s it was connected with Moscow and Odessa to the railway. In 1918 it became the capital of an independent Ukrainian state. Cities suffered severe damage during World War II. In 1941, after 80 days of fierce fighting between the Soviets and the Germans, the Germans occupied Kiev. In 1943, the Soviets liberated Kiev. Kiev is one of the important industrial centers of the former Soviet Union, with factories spread throughout the city, with the largest concentration of manufacturing industries west of the central area and the left bank of the Dnieper River. Kiev is well-transported and a hub for land, water and air transport, with rail and road links to Moscow, Kharkiv, Donbass, Southern Ukraine, the Port of Odessa, Western Ukraine and Poland. The Dnieper has a higher shipping capacity. Boryspil Airport has routes to most of the major cities of the CIS, many towns in Ukraine, and countries such as Romania and Bulgaria. Kiev has a long cultural tradition and outstanding achievements in medical and cybernetic research. The city has 20 colleges and universities and more than 200 scientific research institutions. The institution of higher learning is most famous in The State University of Kiev, which was founded on September 16, 1834, and is the highest institution of higher learning in Ukraine, with 20,000 students. Kiev's welfare facilities include general and specialist hospitals, kindergartens, nursing homes and children's holiday camps, as well as more than 1,000 libraries, nearly 30 museums and former residences of historical celebrities.