The tang dynasty is prosperous, let people's hearts!
I think how mighty the rule of Zhenguan was and how glorious the Kaiyuan dynasty was, but in the end it gradually fell into decline after the Anshi Rebellion.
From the Giant Tang And Sheng Tang, it entered a decadent world that lasted for more than a hundred years.
Behind the pain of the peak fall is the depletion of the population after a great upheaval, as well as the division of the feudal towns within the territory.
At this time, Datang encountered a lot of hardships in the follow-up, and then fell into a cycle of chaos and chaos again and again.
Once stubborn, although the rebels in Hebei Fanzhen chose to submit, but the strength of the troops is still the same, if it were not for the fact that the central tang had always had a stable national divine strategy army, the Tang was estimated to die faster.
(Anshi Rebellion)
This status quo made Tubo, a strong neighbor who spied on the Tang Dynasty, ecstatic.
This mighty nation, which has risen on the plateau of thousands of miles, is at its peak.
The reason is that without him, the climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is good!
At that time, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau did not have the dryness and coldness of today, but it was the abundance of water and grass, which gave Tubo a powerful rise of capital.
The larger the population, the more the army, the more soldiers, the more they look at the territory, and the bigger the territory, won't they be stronger?
After the weakening of the Tang Dynasty, Tubo continued to attack the Tang Dynasty.
After a round of attacks, the former Giant Tang lost Longyou and the Hexi Corridor.
This was once the place where Han Wu wielded the whip, which was crucial to the Central Plains Dynasty. It was the corridor connecting the Central Plains Dynasty to the Western Regions, as well as a strategic place to curb the grasslands, a strategic buffer to protect the Central Plains, and a silk road trade route.
The loss of Longyou and Hexi made the Tang Dynasty lose contact with the Anxi Capital Protectorate and the Beiting Capital Protectorate (which became an enclave), lost the possibility of controlling the grassland, and also made the Tang Dynasty lose a large circle.
(Probably that's the map)
The Guanzhong region of the Central Plains began to face the threat of foreign enemies, and the Silk Road, which made countless profits, was also cut off, causing Datang to lose foreign trade channels.
Everything tells us how dangerous the situation is when we lose Datang in the Hexi Corridor!
The Tibet that contributed to all this had the possibility of going further, because the Tang Dynasty was closer to the enemy's front line.
The strategic depth has changed from 177 miles to 177 kilometers.
This is the origin of Bai Juyi's poem "Xi Liang Trick - Thorn FengJiang's Minister" in "Today's Border Defense in Fengxiang"!
Liangzhou fell for forty years, and the river long invaded seven thousand miles.
Usually Anxi Wanli Frontier, today the border defense is in Fengxiang.
Where is FengXiang? The answer is now Fengxiang District, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, 176 kilometers away from Xi'an (Chang'an), that is, 352 miles.
This made Tubo rise to the heart of destroying Tang, and then launched countless attacks in the follow-up.
(Distance from Fengxiang to Xi'an)
In 763, Tubo gathered hundreds of thousands of troops to coerce Dang Xiang, Tuguhun, Nu La and other tribes to kill Ben Chang'an!
This huge army made the tang dynasty emperor who was in charge of the government extremely worried, and he actually disregarded the safety of the people and escaped from Chang'an in a smoke, so he abandoned the capital!
The Tubo soldiers occupied the rich Chang'an City without bloodshed, where they plundered and looted, and stayed for more than ten days before they took countless treasures and women with them and withdrew to China.
This is undoubtedly a great shame!
Emperor Tang's escape without a fight made the people of Tang Dynasty lose everyone!
So why did Tubo retreat in a hurry after occupying Chang'an?
The answer is that the Tang army is still there, this army is the Tang Dynasty ShuoFang Army, they have been observing the actions of the Tubo army, the frontal field battle may not be won, and if the fight is lost, it will really be doomed, but after the breakthrough, it is still possible to let the Tubo army have no return!
In addition to this Shuofang army, the Tang Dynasty that launched the Qin King also had reinforcements constantly preparing to gather in Chang'an, if this was to join forces with the Shuofang army to attack, it would be possible to fight dogs at the door?
This is also the root cause of the Tubo army's active retreat from Chang'an after hearing that the Tang army was preparing to counterattack.
They were a little worried too!
(There are still soldiers)
Tubo withdrew, and Emperor Tang, who had survived the crisis, returned to Chang'an.
In order to stabilize the people's hearts and minds, he promulgated the political principle of "not cutting up the land, not abandoning the people, and not losing the battle", always urging himself to never let Chang'an fall again, and turned hardened!
Subsequently, the Tang Dynasty, which was fully prepared for war, set up military towns such as Fengxiang and Jingyuan on the front line of the war with Tubo, placed heavy troops to protect the safety of Chang'an, and after the subsequent financial situation was restored, rebuilt the central Shence Army and the border army, and established the Chang'an defense system.
A defense system was established.
However, Tubo could attack the Tang Dynasty at any time, but the Tang Dynasty was powerless to counterattack, and the civil unrest was still there, which still made the Tang Dynasty suffer losses!
(Tang Xuanzong's pot is gone)
In the first month of 763, the second year of ZongBaoying of the Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion was all quelled.
The Li Tang court was relieved, and the people were looking forward to the emergence of the Tang Dynasty!
But it's at this critical juncture.
After experiencing the Anshi Rebellion, Emperor Tang of the Tang Dynasty, who no longer trusted the military generals, did something stupid.
He successively stripped Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi, and other famous Tang generals Ming Sheng of his military powers, and forced meng to die.
This style made shi Chaoyi, who was at the end of the road, see the opportunity, and said to huiqi Dengli Khan that there were many internal problems in the Tang Dynasty and could take advantage!
Although Dengli Khan had a good relationship with the Tang Dynasty, he still had the idea of fighting the autumn wind. Personally lead 100,000 strong to ride into the forced pass.
At the crucial moment, the Tang Dynasty sect sent people to say peace, and when they saw the Tang envoys, Dengli Khan proposed that he wanted to meet his old man Gu Huai'en.
This request made the servant Wyne a little depressed.
Because hooking up with foreign enemies is a very taboo thing for the leading general, he is reluctant to go.
But Emperor Tang had no way.
To retreat, the only way to retreat was to ask the servant Togu Huai'en, so he sent an iron coupon to avoid death, and it was also a command to promote the action.
Finally, he said that the servant Gu Huai'en personally went to the Tiger's Den and lobbied the Khan.
Shi Zai "Khan Dayue, so please peace, help to the righteousness of the dynasty" This servant Gu Huai'en can be said to have saved the Tang Dynasty with his own strength!
But so what?
In the following years, The Servant Huai'en was also criticized and slandered, and countless people were looking for his mistakes, which also made the Servant Gu Huai'en feel very aggrieved, and finally fought back.
(Servant Wynne)
In September 765, after the rebellion of The Servant Gu Huai'en, Heli Tubo once again invaded Chang'an.
A crisis of trust caused by a tragic incident.
The whole family of 46 martyrs for the Tang Dynasty's fierce general Gu Huai'en rebelled, who will calm this calamity?
The answer is Guo Ziyi, the god general who was suppressed and ostracized.
Guo Ziyi, who had white hair, relied on his great prestige to use words to plot against Tubo's ally Hui Hui, which barely relieved the Tang Dynasty of danger and made Tubo retreat.
But although Tubo withdrew, the security situation of the Tang Dynasty was still not good!
Because Tubo wanted to attack the Tang Dynasty in more than one direction, and the Tang Emperor's vigilance against the military generals also made it difficult for the military generals to play with their relatives.
Seeing this, it is necessary to analyze the current situation and find possible solutions.
And this method is best borrowed from the international game, not war.
(Guo Ziyi)
So what was the situation in Datang at that time? The answer is poor money and enemies on all sides!
Money is the key to a strong nation!
The once rich Yellow River region of kanto became the territory of the feudal towns, where money and grain and wealth were difficult to collect and obtain, the situation in the Jiangnan region was good, and the economy was good, but the loss of transportation made Jiangnan taxable, but it still could not alleviate the situation of the Central Committee of the Tang Dynasty.
Where was the tang dynasty's fiscal and taxation powerhouse? The answer is: Prachuap Khiri Khan.
First of all, Bashu is rich, the country of heaven and the granary of the world.
Secondly: Bashu transportation is convenient, from Hanzhong into Guanzhong, in addition to water and land, go anywhere fast.
Finally: Bashu is stable, the Anshi rebellion did not spread, but was the rear and base area chosen by the Tang royal family.
This triple cause and effect makes Bashu extremely important to datang, and it seems to be the lifeblood.
But Bashu is still insecure, and this insecurity is related to the international situation in the surrounding areas.
In the west, there is a powerful Tubo, who can spy on Bashu at any time, although Bashu is easy to defend and difficult to attack, but Bao Buqi came in with a sudden attack?
To the south, there is also a restless kingdom of Nanzhao.
This Nanzhao was also a vassal state of the Tang Dynasty, a country supported by the Tang Dynasty to contain Tubo, who ever wanted to break with the Tang Dynasty during the Tang Dynasty Tianbao, but Nanzhao broke with the Tang Dynasty, threw himself into the arms of Tubo, and was crowned by Tubo as the King of Ridong. These two parties formed allies to spy on Bashu, which made Datang uneasy!
Tubo pondered, expanded the territory, let Bashu become its own "Eastern Province" Nanzhao Xunsi followed the eldest brother to fight the autumn wind, annexed Bashu, and expanded the territory himself.
Neither group of people had good intentions, so they began to join forces and attack the Bashu region continuously.
Under the joint invasion of Tubo and Nanzhao, the Tang Dynasty lost a lot of territory and population, and Bashu became more and more uneasy!
(None of them are fuel-efficient lamps)
What is even more embarrassing to the Tang Dynasty is that after Tibet became increasingly powerful, it became a powerful country in Eurasia, competing for hegemony everywhere, replacing the position of the Tang Dynasty and becoming the most active force.
To the east, it does not deal with data and is always watching Guanzhong.
To the south, it went to war with Tianzhu and invaded the Indus River.
To the west, it competed with the Arab Empire for supremacy.
In the north, it follows the hui qi dry rack.
The southeast, southwest, and northwest bloom on all sides, laying a huge territory!
According to historical records, Tibet occupied the heyday of present-day Qinghai, Tibet, Nepal, Gansu, and parts of Shaanxi and Xinjiang, covering an area of more than 4 million square kilometers, not much smaller than the Tang Dynasty.
This situation made the people of the Tang Dynasty panic, a plateau regime was so terrifying, like a giant, how to deal with it!
(Huge Tubo)
This situation became more and more intense during the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang.
What kind of person is Tang Dezong?
The answer is a seemingly tough man with an empty head!
It is reasonable to say that in order to ease the diplomatic situation, it is necessary to win over allies, but this Tang Dezong is unwilling to ally with the Uighurs who were invaded by Tibet because of his own selfishness.
The reason is simply that when he was crown prince, he was humiliated by the Huiqi Khan, and because of the abolition of public affairs, he not only did not ally with huiqi but humiliated Huiqi in order to retaliate.
After humiliating Hui, Tang Dezong did another stupid thing, that is, at the cost of acknowledging Tubo's legitimate occupation of Hexi and Longyou, he made a "Qingshui Hui Alliance" with Tubo in 783 AD, hoping to ease relations between the two countries.
(Please Water Alliance)
Today we all know that peace is only on the blade!
An agreement without strength is a piece of waste paper.
Sure enough, only 3 years after the Huimeng, Tubo tore up the waste paper, and they took the opportunity of Tang Dezong's trapping in the change of Jingyuan to brazenly attack the Tang Dynasty, openly demanding the territory of the two major capitals of Anxi and Beiting, and bluntly saying: As long as you agree, we will help you put down the rebellion.
This, this, this, the appetite is too big.
It's too big to stand!
Although Anxi and Beiting are enclaves, the white-haired lone army is still there, they still hold the banner of the Tang Dynasty, and they have the belief of rejuvenation in their hearts.
Let them lay down their arms?
Is it possible?
(Border City Alone)
The Tubo people made a py, which angered the Tang Dynasty wise man Li Bi.
Li Biqi, who has seen the twelve hours of Chang'an, may have an impression, and he is the young man played by the Qianxi child.
(Millennium)
Li Bizi Changyuan, whose ancestral home was Xiangping County, Liaodong County, was born in Jingzhao Province. (Present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi) has been a clever child of others since childhood, known as a prodigy.
When he was young, he was appreciated by Tang Xuanzong as a hanlin to be zhao. He also followed the crown prince Li Heng and became a subordinate official.
Later, due to encountering the prime minister Yang Guozhong, he was jealous and hated to return to the Hidden Name Mountain.
After the Anshi Rebellion, Li Bi followed Tang Suzong's side to make suggestions and suggestions to become a caring person, and although li Fuguo framed him to live in seclusion in Hengyue, talent could shine everywhere!
During the tang dynasty and Tang Dezong period, he still rose through all the twists and turns in his career and became the first assistant of the four dynasties.
Such a person saw Tubo's suggestion, of course, he was angry!
This is making people fools, right? Before I made the "Qing Shui Hui Alliance", I was unwilling, and I also suffered a loss, and now I am here again?
Subsequently, he persuaded Tang Dezong to say: Tubo fell to Hexi to isolate the western region, but the bitter battle support of Anxi and Beiting Erzhen, once abandoned by the imperial court, will not only shake the hearts of the army, but if it is used by the enemy, it will have endless troubles.
After saying this, he looked at this unconscious emperor with serious eyes!
This look made Tang Dezong shudder and choose to obey, and used the method of giving away 10,000 colorful horses every year, hoping to ease the relationship!
(Li Qin)
Seeing that Tang Dezong did not agree, Tubo was overjoyed, this is to find the opportunity to start a war!
Then they launched an attack, and once again they attacked the Tang Dynasty.
In August of the third year of Zhenyuan (787), Tubo once again invaded the Kou.
Tubo Shuai Qiang, Hun Zhi Zhong Kou LongZhou, company camp for tens of miles, the capital was terrified.
On the battlefield, the Tang army struggled to thwart Tubo's attempts against Chang'an. But it could not stop Tubo from burning and looting around Chang'an.
Writing this, I am in a difficult mood, and Datang is depressed!
All this tells the Tang Dynasty that the threat of Tubo will only become more and more intense, and at this time, if you don't want to make a perfect plan, the country will not be a country, and civilization will also be threatened!
At this time, it was Li Bi who stepped forward again, using his wise brain and lofty insight to outline a grand plan.
This plan is: North and Huiyi, South Yunnan, Xijie Dashi, Tianzhu.
This is the well-known "Alliance of Zhenyuan" in later generations, a great strategy to play with the pattern of the entire continent.
Upon hearing such a grand plan from Li Bi, Tang Dezong was excited and asked how to practice it.
Li Bihe, who had already had a belly draft, put forward his own plan!
This plan is actually not complicated to say, in the words of our grandfather Mao: make the enemy less, get the friends more!
(Attack from all sides)
Let's look east and west!
First of all, to the east is the sworn enemy Tubo, which is the object of no possibility of reconciliation, this enemy is staring, and everything is arranged around it.
Second, look to the west.
In the west, there are Hui Hui and the farthest Great Food (Arab Empire), these two countries, both have a vendetta against Tubo, Hui and Tubo have fought many wars in order to compete for the Northern Garden and Anxi, the contradiction is very deep, and this Huiyi was once an ally of the Tang Dynasty, and it is very likely that the relationship will be eased.
Although the more distant Great Food (Arab Empire) fought with the Tang Dynasty in the era of Tang Xuanzong, but that was the old yellow calendar, this empire is powerful, committed to the expansion of Central Asia, and there are contradictions with Tibet, is there a contradiction is not an opportunity, détente, make good friends, allies, will not become, the west is also easy to arrange.
Finally: look to the south.
There are two main forces in this south, one is Nanzhao and the other is Tianzhu.
These two countries, Nanzhao is a Tubo ally, every time as a cheerleaders servant army, but the advantage is not much, but the loss is not much, this cost-effective business, Nanzhao is estimated to be unable to think about it, the interests are enough, can be co-opted, as for Tianzhu, although the country's combat effectiveness is not bad, but it is also a country, and tubo hatred is like the sea, and it will definitely become an ally.
(Layout)
Looking at the past in this round, it seems that it is possible to form an alliance!
Tang Dezong said excitedly, just do it!
Li Bi also began to exert his diplomatic genius.
He first let the Tang Dynasty re-reconcile with Hui Qi, and married a real princess, and finally made Hui Hui an ally of the Tang Dynasty.
Subsequently, Datang sent emissaries to Tianzhu and Dashi, and after a long journey, after exchanging interests and explaining the reasoning thoroughly, an alliance agreement was also successfully reached.
Finally, in the face of the most difficult Nanzhao to deal with, Li Bi, with the cooperation of Wei Gao in jiannan jiedushi, also successfully passed the divisive strategy, allowing nanzhao to successfully reach an alliance with the Tang Dynasty.
Since then, a huge encirclement network has been formed under the planning of Li Bi!
(Genius Brother)
What did the poor tubo do in the face of this encirclement net?
The answer is to break the game with force.
Instead of engaging in diplomatic mediation, they attacked on all sides, went to war on all sides, and initially occupied some advantages.
After this advantage is more, after arrogance, there is a problem.
This problem is the same as the problem after the rapid expansion of Datang, that is, the territory is large, the control has declined, and it has to engage in local decentralization.
This separation of powers has laid a hidden worry for Tubo.
Tubo also suffered retribution after committing evil deeds, and there were signs of local division.
Unable to maintain a strong offensive posture, the battlefield situation between the Tang Dynasty and Tibet began to reverse.
Subsequently, after decades of diplomatic and warly attacks, Tibet finally went ahead of the curve.
The problem is large-scale civil unrest.
(The Demise of the Plateau Regime)
In 842, Tubo Zampu Langdama was assassinated, and Tubo also entered an era of decline and division after The Death of Pu landama.
Everything is fate.
Datang was weakened by division, but Datang was large and stable, and Tubo was still a little worse after all.
Tubo after the civil unrest allowed Datang to see the opportunity to constantly recover the lost land and restore the territory step by step!
The lost Bashu region returned, the lost Hexi and Longyou also returned, Zhang Yichao's uprising in Shazhou, and the appearance of the Gui rebel army also brought Hexi Eleven Prefecture back to territory.
Tubo also continued to decline after this round of cutting meat.
Finally, in 869, after an uprising led by the craftsman Wei Kuo-kuo-le-Dén, it disintegrated and split into four pieces.
Over the millennia that followed, the climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau gradually changed, and there was no longer any possibility of a strong unified state.
The threat from the northwest of China has vanished!
This is the story of Datang, this is the story of Li Bi, this is the cause and effect of the international vision, and it is also the former Asia-Europe war.
A good diplomat first sees through the cause and effect, and then finds a countermeasure.
They can make the country, when it is not enough, still have the ability to cross the line.
This ability is the use of diplomatic power.
I have always believed that the strength of a country is composed of three forces.
Hard power, military, economy, productivity.
Soft power, culture, institutions, influence.
Diplomacy, that is, the variable of national strength second only to hard power and soft power, cannot be ignored!
Ancient and modern views: erudition, interrogation, contemplation, discernment, and perseverance.
Careful......