Jia Yi has "On Passing the Qin", reviewing the process of the rise of the Qin state to its demise, pointing out that the reason for the death of Qin II was "the strength of the attack and defense without benevolence and righteousness"; more than four hundred years later, Lu Ji, the grandson of Lu Xun, also made a "Theory of Defending the Death", reviewing the rise and fall of the Wu state, and today we will appreciate it.
Review the wu guoguo process
Lu Ji first reviewed the process of Sun's founding of the country in Jiangdong, and the article was written in a way that could be described as a swing of qi and intestines, and the momentum of a golden iron horse swept over the face, making people read and boiling with blood.
Emperor Wulie of Wu generously went to the kingdom, sent a telegram to Jingnan, had a variety of powers, and was loyal and courageous. Wei Ling was shocked, and the soldiers were ugly, so they swept away the sect and steamed the emperor's ancestors. At that time, Yunxingzhi will take the state, the soaring division will cross the yi, the group of the wheezing of the people, the fog gathering of the xiongqi clan, although the soldiers are united in righteousness, the alliance is strong, but they all harbor evil intentions, hinder the army from chaos, or the division has no law, the mourning of the people, the loyalty of the martial arts, and there is no such author.
Sun Jiancao created a foundation. Sun Jianzhi turned out to be born, and indeed there was a blood courage. When Yuan Shao, Zhang Mi, Liu Dai, and other so-called "Eighteen Road Princes" held a high meeting day and day, and no one dared to send troops to fight against Dong Zhuo, Sun Jian was full of vigor and loyalty, and he defeated Dong Zhuo, recaptured Luoyang, and sorted out the city of Luoyang to worship Gao Zu, which really made people see the arrogance of loyal generals, which even Cao Cao could not compare.
Changsha Huan Wang Yicai is famous. Weak crown hair, recruit the widow, and talk to it. The divine soldiers drove eastward, fighting the widows and the multitudes, attacking the generals who had no strong city, and fighting without the prisoners of confrontation. Rebellion and gentle obedience and Jiang Wai Ding, The Cultivation of the Law and Wei De QiHe, The Famous Sage of Bin Li and Zhang Zhao as the Hero, The Emperor Haojun and Zhou Yu as the Master... The chariot is secondary, the group of fierce people is sideways, the great cause is not complete, and the Middle Age has fallen.
Sun Ce collected troops from Wu Hui. Sun Ce started a soldier at the age of twenty, which is indeed considered to be "the fate of Yi Cai", and Sun Ce's Xiao Yong can be said to be even worse than his father Sun Jian. Therefore, in just a few years, Sun Ce was able to sweep through the six counties of Jiangdong, and brought together a large number of talents such as Zhang Zhao and Zhou Yu, and was regarded as the founder of the real Jiangdong regime.
With the set of my great emperor ... So Zhang Zhao was the master, Zhou Yu, Lu Gong, Lu Su, and Lü Mengzhi were the masters of the heart, and they were the ones who made the humerus; The disciples of Gan Ning, Ling Tong, Cheng Pu, He Qi, Zhu Huan, and Zhu Ran were proud of their might; Han Dang, Pan Zhang, Huang Gai, Jiang Qin, and Zhou Tai belonged to Xuan Qili; and The fengya Zhuge Jin, Zhang Cheng, and Bu Qi were famous for their glory... There is no compromise, no mistake. Therefore, he divided the mountains and rivers, crossed the Jing and Wu, and competed with the world.
Sun Quan eventually became a great cause. Although many people look down on Sun Quan, and the Internet also ridicules him with the nickname of "Sun Shiwan", from 200 AD to 252 AD, Sun Quan has been in charge of Jiangdong for more than fifty years, and he can compete with the world tyrants such as Cao Cao and Liu Bei, and sit on the southeast war without end, Sun Quan is certainly not an ordinary person!
Analyze why the State of Wu died
Lu Ji is the son of Lu Kang and the grandson of Lu Xun, and it can be said that the founding of Jiangdong is inseparable from the support of the Lu clan. Lu Xun will enter the phase in his lifetime, and Lu Kang will also support the State of Wu throughout his life, and he has a good story of "friendship between Sheep and Land" with the famous general Of the Jin Dynasty. In the Battle of Jin and Wu, Lu Ji's brothers Lu Yan and Lu Jing died in the war for the country, and the blow brought by the demise of Eastern Wu to Lu Ji and even the Lu family can be imagined. In the following ten years, Lu Ji retired to huating old school behind closed doors. In addition to living in seclusion, he summarizes the reasons for the rise and fall of the Wu state.
Throughout the entire "Theory of Discernment", the strength and prosperity of the State of Wu and its decline in the situation of the Establishment of the Three Kingdoms are analyzed in detail. Lu Ji wrote from Sun Jian to Sun Hao, six Eastern Wu emperors and fifty military generals. It has counted seven key battles in the history of the State of Wu, and compared the strength and prosperity of Eastern Wu with its decline and fall from the background of Cao Wei and Western Shu's failure to destroy Eastern Wu and Sun Hao's surrender to the Western Jin Dynasty, thus concluding that "the difference between each other and the difference in the ability to appoint" are drawn.
The so-called "mutual specialization, the talent of appointment is different", in fact, it means that Sun Hao is not as good as Sun Quan. Eastern Wu was originally powerful, and the demise of Western Shu did not endanger Eastern Wu, but because after the death of Eastern Wu Lu, Sun Hao used people improperly and finally fell by relying only on its natural dangers. "The weather is not as good as the geographical advantage, the geographical advantage is not as good as the people", Eastern Wu lost manpower, and only natural dangers remained, so although the army of Jin and Wu was not as strong as the army of Cao Cao and Liu Bei in that year, the State of Wu could not escape the destruction.
The inadequacies of The Discernment of Death
Lu Ji's article is very well written, saying that Sun Hao's improper use of people led to the eventual demise of the State of Wu, because Sun Hao was indeed a lord of absurdity and cruelty, and the State of Wu was very lucky to be able to support the State of Shu for 18 years after the fall of the State of Shu. However, Lu Ji's "Theory of Discernment of Death" has its limitations in analyzing the reasons for the demise of the Wu state:
First, the general trend of the world. From the perspective of people's hearts, to borrow mr. Luo Guanzhong's saying, "The general trend of the world will be divided for a long time, and it will be united for a long time." From the great chaos in the world at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the battle of Jin and Wu, it has been nearly a hundred years. In the three-kingdom scuffle, it does not matter who wins or loses, the people have been being squeezed, so after a long period of chaos, people are at ease, and history is created by the masses of the people!
From the perspective of comprehensive national strength, during the establishment of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu, the State of Wei was already much stronger. In terms of area, the thirteen states of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei occupied nine prefectures, Wu had three prefectures, and Shu had one state; in terms of military strength, there were 100,000 troops when the Shu state fell, 230,000 troops when the Wu state fell, and as many as 500,000 wei. If there were no unexpected changes, it would be sooner or later for the State of Wei to destroy Wu Shu.
Second, Shu annihilated Wu Gu. Lu Ji alone emphasized that the demise of the Shu state had little impact on the Wu state (or, the country of Wu and Shu lips and teeth, the shu extinction is the death of Wu, the reason is natural, fu Shu gai feudal aid and the country, not the survival of the Wu people). Because of Lu Kang's view, the terrain of the Shu State was dangerous, and it was difficult to march on a large scale by water and land, so Liu Bei would fail, so the demise of the Shu State had little impact on the State of Wu.
However, Lu Kang ignored one problem. At that time, whether it was Lu Su or Zhuge Liang, why did they insist on the "Wushu Alliance" almost paranoidly? Why did the three countries coexist for a long time in China's history only during the Three Kingdoms period? Originally, the State of Wei was already too powerful, and the two families did not know how long they could hold out, let alone after the fall of the State of Shu.
Moreover, after the destruction of Shu, the strength of jin was even stronger, and it occupied the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and could go down the river. Judging from the development of the Jin Dynasty and the destruction of Wu, Wang Mao led a large army out of Yizhou, down the river from the waterway, almost without any obstacles, and took the lead in entering Jianye and accepting Sun Hao's surrender. So how can it be said that the demise of the Shu kingdom did not have much impact on the wu state?
Of course, when we comment on the ancients now, we are actually the eyes of future generations, and we know what the final outcome of history is, so we cannot deny the wisdom and vision of the ancients. Don't forget the past, the teacher of the future, take history as a mirror, live well in the present!
References: Romance of the Three Kingdoms [Pei Song's Note], Lü Simian's History of the Three Kingdoms