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Inherit excellent traditional culture and pay tribute to the wisdom of Chinese ancestors
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Jiang Dejun
Three
Summer: Summer is full of summer and summer is connected
According to the traditional calendar, the year is divided into four seasons, and each season has six solar terms. The six solar terms of summer are Lixia, Xiaoman, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, Xiaoxia and Daxia.
(7) Lixia
The Lixia Sun is located at 45 degrees of ecliptic longitude, and it intersects on May 5-7. Lixia is the seventh of the twenty-four solar terms and the first solar term of summer.
After the summer, the sunshine increases, gradually heats up, the thunderstorms increase, and the crops enter the growth stage. Spring is born, summer is long, autumn harvest, winter is hidden, and everything flourishes in summer. Due to the vast size of the continent and the large span of north and south, the natural rhythm of various places is different, and the temperature difference is large.
Lixia Three Seasons: One waits for the grasshoppers to sing, the second waits for the earthworms to come out, and the third waits for the king melon to grow, which means that with the chirping of the grasshoppers in the suitable warm and humid environment, it means that the taste of summer is strong; the earthworms are authentic yin objects, and the earthworms living in the damp and dark soil also crawl out to join in the fun; the king melon grows rapidly in the summer season and bears fruit.
The arrival of summer, in astronomy said that it is about to bid farewell to spring, summer is about to begin, when the summer harvest crops into the late stage of growth, winter wheat flowers and filling, rapeseed is close to maturity, summer harvest crops are basically fixed, rice planting and other spring sown crops Management has also entered the busy season, the folk have "summer to see the harvest" said. Therefore, in the summer season, we should strengthen the management of all aspects of agricultural field crops in order to achieve a bumper harvest.
Throughout the ages, Lixia has traditional festivals such as summer welcoming ceremonies, tasting new activities, egg fighting games, and Lixia "scale people". In terms of health maintenance, the emphasis is on nourishing qi, nourishing blood and calming the spirit.
The Song Dynasty poet Zhao Youzhi wrote in the poem "LiXia":
At four o'clock, the weather is urgent, and the wind brings heat in one night.
Longmu day long steamed green wheat, garden rain overcooked yellow plum.
The warbler cries for a thousand strands of sorrow in the spring, and the butterfly loves the flower several times.
Sleep up the south window and think tired, idly watching the pavilion full of locust shade.
The Song Dynasty poet Fan Chengda said in the poem "Village Residence is a Matter":
The green is all over the mountains and the white rivers, and the rain is like smoke in the sound of the sub-rules.
In the countryside, there are few idle people in April, and the silkworm mulberry is harvested and the fields are planted.
Folk proverbs include: Lixia has no thunder, and the grain is a few liters less; after the seedlings are planted in Lixia, the grain is piled up in the warehouse; when the summer is small, it is not too late to plant anything; and so on.
(8) Small fullness
The Little Man Sun is located at 60 degrees of ecliptic longitude, and the may 20-22 festival is the eighth of the twenty-four solar terms and the second in summer. After the small full, the weather gradually becomes warmer, and the precipitation will gradually increase, and the folk proverb has the saying that "the small full and the river is full".
Xiao Man, marking the debut of the hot summer. As for this, the small is full, and the grains of summer ripe crops such as wheat are full but immature, so it is called small full.
Xiao Man San Hou: one wait for the bitter vegetable show, the second wait for the death of the grass, the third wait for the autumn solstice, which means that in the small full season, the small spring crops are about to be harvested, the medium rice is fully planted, the agricultural affairs are busy, the harvest is rushed on sunny days, and the rainy days are rushed to plant, and a busy faction is busy.
Folk proverbs include: Xiao Man is dissatisfied, dry and broken the field; Xiao Man is dissatisfied, and the mango seed is not concerned; The small man is dissatisfied, and the mango seed is opened; the small man looks at the wheat yellow for three days, and the small man is full of yellow for ten days; the silkworm is old and flashes, and the wheat is ripe for a blink; the silkworm is not suitable for staying, leaving a broken silk head, and so on.
The small Manchurian festival is formed according to the characteristics of agricultural society, and in the past, folk had the custom of eating wild vegetables and bitter vegetables. After the small full, the average temperature in most places in China is higher than 22 °C, the rain is gradually increasing, pay attention to get rid of dampness, drink more water, eat more vegetables and fruits, and eat a light diet.
Poets of past generations have many poems of Chanting Xiaoman, for example, the Song Dynasty poet Ouyang Xiu has "Two Songs of Returning to the Pastoral Garden at Four Hours of Le Spring and Summer":
The south wind blows grass, and the grass and trees are deep and the huts are small.
The ears of wheat are first planted and the mulberry leaves are fattening up.
The old man is happy to be mature, and the wife knows that the season is good.
Wild begonia pear dense crying night warbler, sea pomegranate red chirping mountain bird.
Who is the Tian family who is happy to know? I don't know it's too early.
When I was begging and strong, Gu I was aging.
The poem describes the situation of peasant life in the small full season: the south wind blows the grass, the tender green ears of wheat have also been pumped, the silkworm eats the fat mulberry leaves, the pears are hung with branches, the evening warblers and mountain birds cry, a comfortable and simple picture of the peasant life, revealing the poet's envy and yearning for the life of the farmer.
(9) Mango seeds
The Sun is located at 75 degrees of ecliptic longitude, june 5-7, and is the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms and the third of summer. At this time, the temperature rises significantly, the rainfall is abundant, and the air humidity is large, which is suitable for the cultivation of cereal crops such as late rice. Agricultural farming is bounded by the mango planting festival, after which the survival rate of planting is getting lower and lower.
The three seasons of the mantis: one waits for the mantis to be born, the second waits for the bird to start singing, and the third waits for the tongue to be silent, which means that the eggs laid by the praying mantis in the late autumn of the previous year, because they feel the yin qi being born and break the shell to give birth to small praying mantises; the yin-loving burrow bird begins to appear on the branches and feels the yin and sings; on the contrary, the anti-tongue birds that can learn the song of other birds have stopped chirping because they sense the appearance of yin qi.
Mango seed is a reflection of the seasons of ancient farming culture and has great significance in farming. The folk proverb has clouds: mango seeds are not planted, and it is useless to plant again, which is the truth.
Mango seed is a busy festival of harvesting and farming, and the folk also call it busy planting. Folk proverb cloud: mango seed mango seed, continuous harvest belt seed. Mai should not laugh in the field, but only when he receives the hoard is he secure. Wheat harvest has three fears: hail, rain, wind and so on.
In terms of health maintenance, the mango planting season should pay attention to the heat of nourishing the sun. Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Shu "Yong 24 Qi Poems , Mangzhong May Festival":
Looking at the mango species today, the praying mantis should be born.
The clouds are high and the shadows are high, and the birds are coming and going.
Lotus flowers bloom, hot wind and summer rain.
When they met and asked about silkworms, they were fortunate to be humane.
Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi's famous work "Guan Jiao Mai":
The Tian family is less idle, and in May, people are busy.
At night, the south wind rises, and the wheat is covered with yellow.
The woman eats lotus, and the child carries the pot pulp.
He went with Yu Tian, and Ding Zhuang was in Nangang.
Foot steaming summer rustic, back burning hot skylight.
I don't know the heat, but the summer is long.
There was a poor woman with a son by her side.
The right hand is left with a spike, and the left arm is hanging from the basket.
Listen to what they say, and the hearers are saddened.
The family field has lost all taxes, and it is full of hunger.
Now I have no merit, and I have not done anything to Nongsang.
There are three hundred stones in the official, and there is surplus grain in the old Yan.
I am ashamed of myself and cannot forget it for the rest of my life.
(10) Summer solstice
The summer solstice sun is located at 90 degrees of ecliptic longitude, June 21-22, is the tenth of the twenty-four solar terms, the fourth solar term of summer. The summer solstice is the turning point of the sun's northward travel, after which the sun will take the "way back", and the direct sunlight point begins to move south from the Tropic of Cancer. For areas north of the Tropic of Cancer, the noonday sun altitude begins to decrease day by day after the summer solstice; for the region south of the Tropic of Cancer, after the summer solstice, the noonday sun altitude begins to decrease day by day after the direct sunlight returning southward.
Summer Solstice Three Seasons: One waits for the antlers to dissolve, the second waits for the cicadas to start singing, and the third waits for the half summer to be born, which means that the yin qi is born on the summer solstice day and the yang qi begins to decline, and the deer antlers that belong to the masculine begin to fall off. Males chime after the summer solstice because they are born with yin qi; half summer is a yin-loving herb, so named because it is born in the swamps or paddy fields of midsummer. This shows the law of the growth of all things in nature, in the hot midsummer, some yin-loving creatures began to appear, while the positive creatures began to decline.
The summer solstice is in the position of the middle summer, that is, the noon position, and the noon is yang. Although the summer solstice is more yang, and the day is the longest, the folk proverb cloud: the day grows to the summer solstice, the day is short to the winter solstice, but it is not necessarily the hottest day of the year, so the heat close to the surface is still accumulating, and it has not reached the maximum time.
After the summer solstice, the ground is heated strongly, and the air convection is strong, which is prone to thunderstorms. After the summer solstice, people generally eat qingtong cold soup, herbal tea, sour plum soup, etc. to avoid the heat of the summer heat and strengthen the spleen.
There are many poems written about the summer solstice in successive dynasties, such as the Tang Dynasty poet Wei Yingwu's "Summer Solstice Summer Escape North Pond":
The sundial has been clouded, and the night has been leaking since then.
Before the administration of the church, the worries became cold.
The public gate has a lot of time, and it is a little busy with the monthly farmers.
Living high in the field, bitter and hot.
Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli's "Hechangying Uncle Summer Solstice Happy Rain":
The summer rain is not desired, just like the plum yellow wheat wants autumn.
Last year, now that He is half dead, Wu Cao prays and sweats all over the place.
In this life, I have not used three times, and once I am full, I should take four breaks.
There are no cranes in the green furrows outside the flowers, come and see Mo Xie under Pi Hou.
(11) Small summer
The summer sun is located at 105 degrees of ecliptic longitude, and the july 6-8 festival is the eleventh of the twenty-four solar terms and the fifth solar term of summer. Summer means hot, small summer is small heat, not very hot, meaning that the weather begins to be hot, but not yet the hottest. This situation is basically in line with most parts of the country. At this time, crops across the country are in a stage of thriving, and field management needs to be strengthened.
Agricultural proverb cloud: festival to the small summer into the day, the day change the rain continuously, some years the rain is rare, high temperature and low humidity are ambushed drought; small summer even hot summer, hot nowhere to hide.
Small summer three weather: one wait for the warm wind, the second wait for the cricket juyu, the third wait for the eagle to start the dove, which means that in the small summer season, the wind blowing on the ground carries a heat wave; because of the heat, the crickets leave the field and go to the corner of the courtyard to escape the heat; the eagle also moves in the cool high air because the ground temperature is too high.
Summer health should drink water frequently, eat lightly, clear heat and dampness.
Tang Dynasty poet Yuan Shu "Yong 24 Qi Poems , Xiao Xia June Festival":
Suddenly the warm wind arrives, and the summer comes according to the small summer.
Bamboo noise first felt the rain, and the mountain darkness had smelled thunder.
The household is dark and misty, and the head of the order is green moss.
Eagle quail new learning, crickets do not urge.
Song Dynasty poet Pang Zhu "Xi Xia":
Xiao Xia is not afraid, and it is as if he were retreating.
Qingnu first recommended the pillow, and Huang You also ascended to the church.
Birds singing bamboo is dense, rain sounds lotus leaves fragrant.
There is nothing wrong with the evening window, and I walk to the West Wing.
(xii) Summer
The summer sun is located at 120 degrees of ecliptic longitude, and the intersection of July 22-24 is the twelve solar terms of the twenty-four solar terms, the last of the summer.
Like the summer heat, the summer is also a season that reflects the degree of summer heat, while the summer heat indicates that the weather is extremely hot. Therefore, the folk have the saying that "the sun does not see the sun in the summer, and the stones are exposed in the summer".
Three seasons of summer: one wait for the rotten grass for fireflies, the second wait for the soil to moisten the heat, and the third wait for heavy rain, which means that in the summer season, the fireworks will lay eggs on the rotten grass, and when the summer festival comes, the fireflies eggs on these dry grasses will begin to ovate and come out, and fly around on the rotten grass at night.
Due to the heavy rain and heavy rainfall in the summer season, the earth is unbearable in the heat of the summer, and the weather is changeable at this time, when it rains and sunny, the rain is abundant, which is conducive to the growth of crops, so the folk proverb cloud: "The summer is cloudy, and gold is everywhere."
The summer festival is around the "middle volt" in the "three volt days", which is the hottest period of the year, the highest temperature, the fastest growth of crops, so minyan has clouds: there is no extreme heat in the summer, and the grain is not knotted. At the same time, meteorological disasters such as droughts and floods and wind disasters are also the most frequent in many areas. The tasks of rushing to harvest and grab seeds, drought, drainage, typhoon prevention, and field management are very heavy.
During the summer festival, there are customs such as sunning ginger, drinking fu tea, burning incense, and sending a summer boat. At this time, the weather is humid and hot, which can easily cause the body to be too humid. As far as health is concerned, it is necessary to know how to prevent heat and cool down, but also to focus on getting rid of humidity and heat, replenishing protein in time, and sleeping enough.
The Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi wrote "Selling Summer":
Why do you have to be bored with the heat and live in a courtyard.
There is nothing long in front of you, and there is a breeze under the window.
Heat dissipation is composed of the mind, and cool life is the empty room.
At this time, it is difficult to be more self-sufficient, and it is difficult to be more in tune with others.
Song Dynasty poets once had several "Great Summer":
When the red sun passes, the breeze is nowhere to be found.
The scriptures talk about pillow books, and melons and plums float and sink.
Lan Ruo was quiet, and Maoz was deep and deep.
The steaming is as promised, and it is even more regrettable to divide the yin.
(To be continued)
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About the Author
Jiang Dejun, pen name Wensheng, researcher, professor, member of the Chinese Writers Association, director of the World Chinese Creative Writing Society, executive director of the Sichuan Lu Xun Research Association, member of the China Writing Society, reserve candidate for academic and technical leaders in Sichuan Province, and contracted writer of Chengdu College of Literature.
His research interests include writing, ancient culture, local culture and corporate culture construction. He is the principal professor of provincial excellent courses and provincial first-class courses "Writing" and "Business and Government Writing". He has presided over or researched 12 national, provincial and ministerial projects, and is responsible for a number of large-scale cultural and literary writing projects and memorial exhibition planning and writing. He has published more than 100 academic papers, edited or participated in the editing of 8 college liberal arts textbooks and 11 volumes, and edited more than 20 anthologies of literary works. He published works and articles in newspapers and periodicals such as People's Daily and Guangming Daily. His works have been selected as 985, 211 and "double first-class" engineering university general liberal arts textbooks. He has published 6 academic works such as "On the Art of Poetic Language" and "Literary Rethinking", 10 collections of cultural essays, 24 poetry collections such as "Selected Lyrical Philosophical Poems of Wensheng", "Companionship with Celebrities", "A River of Spring Water", and "Another Kind of Heavenly Question", published more than 100 academic papers, edited or participated in the editing of 8 college liberal arts textbooks and 11 volumes, and edited more than 20 anthologies of literary works. The article was selected as a language reading material for the national college entrance examination and a study material for party and government leading cadres.
Source: Sichuan Provincial Local History Work Office
Author: Jiang Dejun
Pictured: Fang Zhi Sichuan
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