He came from a prestigious background.
Its ancestors can be traced back to the famous Yan Hui,
He is the first of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius.
He was a calligrapher who pioneered a new style,
Also a standard of good courtiers of the Tang Dynasty,
Character and morality are even more perfect.
Ouyang Xiu commented on his calligraphy:
"The words written by Yan Gong are like loyal martyrs and moral gentlemen. When we first met, I felt majestic and inaccessible, and the longer I watched it, the more cute it became. ”
Tang Dezong Li Shi commented on his personality:
"Born with an outstanding temperament, after the reign of four emperors, he can still maintain his firm ambitions."
Su Shi's evaluation of him:
"Poetry to Du Zimei, Wen to Han Retreat, painting to Wu Daozi, books to Yan Lugong, and the changes of ancient and modern times, the power of the world is over."
Rice Bowl:
"The meaning of the words and words is flying, the shape is strange, and it is unexpected, and the first book of the Yan Xingshu of the World is also."
Huang Tingjian:
"Guan Lu Gong Qi Ti, Qi Wei XiuBa, Wei Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, looking back at Ou Yu Chu Xue Xu Shen generation, are all embarrassed by the Fadu, just as Lu Gong solemnly out of the rope ink, and the pawn with it! The only people who could perfect calligraphy after the second queen were Zhang Changshi and Lu Gong. ”
Feng Ban:
"Song Ren Xingshu, more Than Yan Lu Gong", the earliest and most complete "Zhongyi Tang Ti" containing Yan Shu also appeared in the Song Dynasty. It can be seen that the Song people have learned the yan characters extensively.
Even Lu Qi, the traitor who indirectly killed him, gave this evaluation:
"Yan Zhenqing is a person who can convince the people everywhere, and if he is sent to Xiaoyi when there is a rebellion, it is estimated that there will be no need for a large army to put down the rebellion."
For such a person, there may be only eight words to describe him:
Words are like their people, words are like their people
Portrait of Yan Zhenqing
As everyone should know,
The first line of the book under heaven is Wang Xizhi's "Orchid Pavilion Collection Sequence",
The second line of the world's book, Yan Zhenqing's "Manuscript of Sacrifice to the Nephew", is rarely mentioned.
Until recently, the original manuscript of the "Sacrifice nephew" hidden in the National Palace in Taipei was exhibited in Japan.
Caused a huge controversy,
This famous post was once again known to the public.
"Paper shou thousand years silk five hundred" since ancient times,
This is something that all collectors understand,
From the perspective of cultural relics collection and appreciation,
The "Sacrifice nephew manuscript" and the "Self-Narrative Thesis" are both works of the Tang Dynasty.
It's been more than a thousand years,
Can be well preserved to the present,
Thanks to the care of collectors and museums for more than 1,000 years.
Swipe left and right to enjoy the entire volume of the Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript
One view:
Thinking that cultural exchange is really important,
However, it is not necessary to lend cultural relics of the national treasure level such as the "Sacrifice nephew manuscript".
Ho had seen or heard of the Louvre in France
Lending the town hall treasure "Mona Lisa's Smile"?
Not even to leave the Louvre.
The cultural relics of the Forbidden City are not only for the whole people,
It is the asset of all mankind.
"Sacrifice of the Nephew Manuscript" from the protection of cultural relics,
Or from the connotation of its containment,
Lending is very inappropriate.
Tokyo National Museum
Another point of view:
"Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript" went to Japan to exhibit,
Why should we be angry?
In fact, since ancient times,
China and Japan maintained close ties in calligraphy exchanges.
Tang Dynasty Buddhism was introduced to Japan,
A large number of monks also brought calligraphy and paintings to Japan after the eastern crossing.
It has created good conditions for the exchange of calligraphy between China and Japan.
Subsequently, Japan also sent Tang envoys to China many times to learn Tang culture.
The Heian period was the golden age of Japanese calligraphy.
At this stage,
Japan has added its own characteristics while absorbing the characteristics of Chinese calligraphy,
A number of calligraphers such as Kukai and Orange Yishi emerged.
Among them, Kukai once came to Tang to learn the scriptures,
Learn the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi and Yan Zhenqing,
Draft of his famous calligraphy work "Empowerment Calendar Names",
It has the obvious meaning of Yan Zhenqing's "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript".
It is in the continuous exchange of Chinese and Japanese cultures that
The art of calligraphy was better developed.
Kukai monk
so
What is so good about the Manuscript of the Sacrifice nephew?
In the eyes of ordinary people,
The "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript" with such a lofty status,
But the handwriting is sloppy,
There are traces of smear modifications everywhere,
Even a bald pen writes,
Many words are clearly hard to rub out when the ink is almost dry.
Someone else asked,
Don't calligraphers write things in drafts?
The reason for this is simple,
This is a draft in itself,
When the author wrote it, he didn't want to write beautifully for others to see.
Yan Zhenqing's "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript"
Calligraphy is music on paper,
With the most direct line changes,
to record the various qualities of a person.
The highest realm of calligraphy,
A man with a great personality,
In the most impassioned state,
In one breath, he left his lifelong study into blood and tears on a piece of paper.
All the cleverness and skill,
None of them can resist the simplicity and sincerity of wisdom.
This is where the most glorious appearance is.
There is no Li Bai Du Fu,
There is no Yan Zhenqing Zhang Xu Huaisu Li Gui Nian,
Relying only on a few altar jars,
Rely only on gold and silver splendid embroidery,
We don't see the style of Sheng Tang.
The Manuscript of the Sacrifice of the Nephew is the moment when the unprecedented prosperity collapses,
And a resting charm that falls from the blood and tears of an old hero.
Yan Zhenqing's "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript"
Anyone who has studied calligraphy knows that
Yan Zhenqing's letter is because of justice and solemnity,
It is an example of introductory calligraphy.
Even if it's writing a draft,
The "Orchid Pavilion Collection" and the "Cold Food Post" that are also drafts are smeared with modifications
None of them have as much as the Sacrifice Manuscript.
Because when I wrote the Manuscript of the Sacrifice nephew,
Yan Zhenqing wrote it to the only remaining skull of his nephew Yan Jiming.
When the cultural relics of the Forbidden City moved south, the "Manuscript of the Sacrifice of nephews" was the first batch of packaged cultural relics.
It was during the Tang Dynasty Tianbao years,
The most glorious Tang Dynasty in Chinese history came to an abrupt end.
An Lushan, who was guarding the area around present-day Beijing, rebelled,
All the way south, quickly occupied the eastern Tang capital Luoyang.
Zhenshou Changshan is also Yan Gaoqing in zhengding county in today's Shijiazhuang
With the Yan Zhenqing brothers who guarded the plains of Zhenshou, which is today's Plain County, Texas,
Took the lead in resisting and opened the main road to Taiyuan,
The Taiyuan general Wang Chengye stole Yan Gaoqing's military merits and asked the emperor for a reward.
However, he refused to send troops and sat and watched changshan city break.
Yan Jiming was beheaded by the rebels,
Yan Gaoqing still roared after being cut off by An Lushan's tongue,
He was eventually dismembered and died.
Yan Gaoqing's family of more than thirty and other guards were all tortured and killed.
Two years later,
Yan Zhenqing sent someone to search for the remains of his brother's family,
Only one of Yan Gaoqing's feet and Yan Jiming's skull were found.
The family and the enemy of the country are difficult to join their hearts, and Yan Zhenqing, who is in his fifties, wept bitterly and lost his voice,
Wrote an altar text for his nephew Ji Ming, which is the "Sacrifice Nephew Manuscript",
Also known as the "Sacrifice nephew Ji Mingwen".
Partial details of the Manuscript of the Sacrifice of the Nephew
Yan Zhenqing suppressed the grief at the beginning,
At the beginning of the ritual writing, the handwriting was still neat and restrained,
When he began to recall his nephew's life,
Writing about "Zongmiao Hulian, Jieting Lanyu, every comforting",
All kinds of tastes came to mind, and they relaxed,
When it comes to "thieves do not save",
The old man has been completely engulfed in emotion,
Write down, smear,
Write and scribble, write and change,
Thick ink balls,
It is the blood stains dripping from Yan Zhenqing's heart,
Mourning to the point of not being able to help myself.
Over here
Why scribbled the word "from the parent",
Changed to "Uncle Thirteen"?
You know,
We tend to blurt out words,
These are the truest words in our hearts,
The part that was altered at the back,
It's that we want to embellish it more solemnly.
You can see that Yan Zhenqing blurted out the words "from the Father."
It can be seen that he loves this nephew of his very much,
Although in ancient times,
"From the Father" means "Uncle",
But literally,
The feeling from the Father is much closer than that of the Uncle.
In Yan Zhenqing's eyes,
This nephew is like his own son,
He also said later,
In their next generation,
The most talented person with the best character is Yan Jiming,
He was particularly distressed by this nephew.
Another example is this shocking gesture:
"Fang Zhi Gu, He Tu rebelled against the thieves, and said that the soldiers were obedient."
Just expecting (Ji Ming) to be happy and a good official,
Who would have thought that the rebel thief (An Lushan) would take the opportunity to provoke and rebel.
"Er father is dedicated, and the mountain is a county." Yu Shi was ordained, also in the plains. ”
We see the two words with the heaviest pen in the whole manuscript, "Father",
Especially the "Father", the last one is shocking.
We can feel the brotherly love between Yan Zhenqing and Yan Gaoqing,
Pay attention to the public number: the old goods circle
Probably writing this, thinking of his brother,
He couldn't control his emotions.
It was as if I saw an old man with tears on his face trembling.
All the way to the "whining and mourning", the handwriting has been nearly cursive,
The writer had already cried bitterly and was unable to write down again.
The Manuscript of the Sacrifice of the Nephew is written to the end
A draft,
Since then, an insurmountable peak has been laid in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
Other calligraphy works of Yan Zhenqing's life:
Yan Zhenqing's "Yan Qinli Monument"
"Yan Qinli Monument" is one of the best works of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy in the most mature period, and its structure has the characteristics of modesty and open-mindedness, stretching and opening-mindedness, combining dynamic and static, skillful and clumsy, graceful and generous. Its pen is thin and vertical, hidden head and tail protection, and square and round are used together, which is strong and powerful. The vertical painting takes the "opposite direction" trend, the painting is thick and the goose's tail is forked, the hook is like a bird's beak, and the momentum between the dot paintings is coherent. The words in the stele, the same dot painting have different variations, vivid and colorful, strong sense of rhythm. This monument emphasizes the law and rules, and has the atmosphere of the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty.
Yan Zhenqing's "Ma Xuan New Temple Monument"
Tang Yan Zhenqing Shu Ma Xuan New Temple Stele, Republic of China Tuo, a whole sheet, the stone stele is also known as "Ma Gong Temple Stele", the full name is "Shang Shu Zuo Servant Shooting Fu Feng Wang Ma Xuan Stele".
Yan Zhenqing's "Qianfu Temple Multi-Pagoda Stele" Song Tuoben section
The content of the inscription mainly records the original commission and construction process of chu jin, the Zen master of Longxing Temple in Xijing, who created the pagoda, and the 44-year-old Yan Zhenqing was selected to write the inscription, when he was in his prime, and the calligraphy in the stele was neat and stable, beautiful and colorful. In calligraphy, the Tang people advocated The Fadu, and the "Duo Pagoda Stele" is one of the representative inscriptions.
Since ancient times, most of the learners of yan and body have started from this monument, and students have drawn red, scholars have raised their professions, lay people have written scriptures, and printed books in the street, all of which have competed to imitate. To this day, they are all very widely used and influential calligraphy works.
This piece in the exhibition is a very important Song Tuoben. Among the many versions that have been handed down, Song Tuo is the rarest, of which the two most influential are one in the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing, and the other is the collection of the Tokyo National Museum that we can witness this time. The Qing Dynasty calligrapher Yi Bingshou wrote four large characters for this Tuoben lishu "Song Tuo only remains".
Yan Zhenqing's book "Yan Family Temple Stele"
The "Yan Family Training", which was born during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, is known as "ancient and modern family training, with this as the ancestor", and is the first systematic model of tutoring in the history of Chinese culture. Yan Zhenqing himself was once an official to the Punishment Department Shangshu, the Official's Shangshu, and the Prince Taishi.
Yan Zhenqing's "Self-Notice Sticker" at the exhibition site (Photo: Cao Min)
Yan Zhenqing's "Runaway Building" has three big characters