In the world, there are three places surrounded by the sea on N sides, but there are still large deserts, North Africa (Sahara Desert) and saudi Arabia Peninsula, three facing the sea, the other is the Australian continent, and even more, surrounded by the sea on all sides!
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So why is Australia still surrounded by large deserts surrounded by the sea?
First, the Australian continent is located near the Tropic of Cancer, which is controlled by subtropical high pressure all year round, often dominated by submerged air currents, the temperature is high, and it is not easy to make the warm and humid air rise and condense into rainfall; in fact, near the Tropic of Cancer, in addition to the Great Desert of Central Australia, there is also the Atacama Desert and the Namibian Desert; the Saudi Arabian Peninsula and North Africa (Sahara Desert) are surrounded by large deserts on three sides, the main reason is also located near the Tropic of Cancer.
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Second, affected by the cold current in Western Australia, these places have cold currents through, cold seawater passes through the coast of the continent, producing less water vapor, and cold water vapor does not rise, can not form precipitation, it forms a desert; the western part of the continent is affected by the cold current to form a desert, in addition to western Australia, there is also the Atacama Desert in South America, California in North America, Namibia and Western Sahara in Africa.
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Third, australian deserts are also affected by offshore wind factors caused by trade winds. Near the Tropic of Cancer will also be affected by trade winds, the northern hemisphere is the northeast trade wind, the southern hemisphere is the southeast trade wind; because the trade wind is blown from the high latitude area to the low latitude area of the dry wind, so to a certain extent, the passing area is drier; at the same time, under the action of the trade wind, the wind on the west bank of the continent is the offshore wind blowing from the land to the ocean, making the area more dry, which is why the desert climate is mostly on the west coast of the continent.
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Fourth, it is affected by the incineration effect and rain shadow effect formed in the leeward slope area after the southeast trade winds in Australia have overtaken the watershed mountains. Due to the obstruction of the mountain range, most of the warm and humid water vapor from the ocean condenses into rainwater during the lifting process, and falls to the windward slope, and after crossing the leeward slope, the sinking air flow is generated, the temperature rises, the humidity drops, and the dry hot wind is generated, resulting in the leeward slope being very close to the ocean, and it is difficult to form effective precipitation, and finally forming a desert landform.
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Fifth, from a topographic point of view, the Australian continent spans a large east-west span, expanding the scope of the Tropic of Cancer subtropical high pressure in Australia and increasing the area of the desert.
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Sixth, from the topographical and topographical point of view, the Great Dividing Range runs through the north-south direction and is basically parallel to the eastern coastline, the length stretches 3,000 kilometers, the width is about 200 kilometers, and the Pingyuan is 1,000 meters above sea level, which completely blocks the opportunity for warm and humid air brought by the Warm East Australian Current to penetrate deep into the mainland, resulting in scarce precipitation in the central region, and only forming precipitation on the eastern coast.
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Seventh, in terms of topography, topography, and geomorphology, the Great Watershed divides the eastern narrow strip of Australia from the Central and Western Regions, the western part is a plateau, and the central part is a basin (the Great Artesian Basin), with no water vapor entering or rivers (such as the Nile) passing through, resulting in Australia having neither a large river nor a large lake, and the rivers are short and seasonal.
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So, can Australia dig an artificial canal that runs through the north and south to create an oasis to destroy the desert?
Xiao Ben believes that with Australia's national strength, with Australia's topography, digging an artificial canal running through the north and south is indeed not difficult, and even can create a "super Ayr Lake"; however, there is no need, whether it is to create an oasis, or convenient shipping, it is not feasible!
First, the Red Sea is a lesson. If you think about it, if the introduction of seawater in the desert to create a super lake can create an oasis to eliminate the desert, then the Red Sea is not an ideal "super big lake", the Red Sea is 1900 kilometers long from north to south, 300 kilometers at its widest point, and an area of 450,000 square kilometers.
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Second, the sea is too salty to create an oasis, so can fresh water improve the land to create an oasis?
Egypt's Nile River is the longest in the world, with an annual runoff of 84 billion cubic meters, running through the desert from south to north, but in addition to the Nile Delta, there are no oases and agriculture on both sides; the head and water storage of the Nasser Reservoir (water area of more than 5,000 square kilometers, water storage capacity of 164 billion cubic meters) are super, and the surrounding area is also a desert; the new river valley plan has invested so long, or it has not been effective, it is considered to be "stillborn".
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With the little runoff of the Murray and Darling rivers in Australia, forget it, without tossing.
Third, Australia occupies a continent, the territory is large, the population is small, the resources are large, the per capita GDP is very high, it belongs to the developed countries, the population is concentrated in the southeast coast, there is no incentive to develop and transform the Central and Western Regions, nor to change and transform the desert distribution of Australia, let alone to dig this grand canal that runs through the north and south.
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Fourth, if you start from the perspective of shipping, Australians will not be stupid enough to dig this Grand Canal running through the north and south, one is that shipping is developed, not limited, and not far around; second, this area is too sparsely populated, and there is no shipping demand at all.
So, is there any other way to transform Australia's desert?
Xiao Ben believes that the Australian mainland is surrounded by the sea on all sides but has a large desert, that is, it lacks a "giant extractor" like the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in other words, if Australia can have a high mountain with an altitude of more than 4,000 meters or a plateau of 3,000 meters, it can eliminate the desert, and it can also become a land of fish and rice with abundant precipitation like our Yangtze River Basin!
How about moving Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa to the middle of the australian desert?