The world bayberry is in China, the Chinese bayberry looks at Zhejiang, and the Zhejiang bayberry number xianju. As the famous hometown of Bayberry, Bayberry is the protagonist of Xianju Tourism Food. This "delicate" fruit without a shell is loved by people for its sweet and sour taste, and sells well at home and abroad.
As a local fruit, bayberry has a long history of cultivation.
In the archaeological discovery of the Neolithic Hemudu site, there are bayberry spores, which indicates that there were bayberry growing in the Wuyue area as early as 7,000 years ago.
The earliest yangmei seen in the text is probably the Western Han Dynasty Dongfang Shuo's "Lin Yi Record": "Lin Yi Mountain Yang Mei, its size is as big as a cup and bowl, green time is extremely sour, both red, taste like cliff honey, to brew wine, the number of plum fragrant, non-noble guests are not allowed to drink it." It can be seen that at that time, the ancestors had studied the storage and processing of bayberry.
Xianju County is located in the southeast of Zhejiang Province, the county is full of thousands of mountains, deep valleys, clear streams, and forest mao bamboo show. Throughout the ages, it has attracted countless literati and inkers to stop and wield pen and ink. The gifts of nature and the accumulation of history make Xianju this small city exude a unique ecological charm.
Xianju is the old production area of bayberry, bayberry cultivation has a long history, Xianju's historical record of bayberry cultivation first appeared in Song Jiading's three-year revision of the Taizhou Fuzhi "Chicheng Zhi", which has a record of the abundant production of bayberry in the Xianju area, and the history of The Xianju people's cultivation of bayberry can be traced back to at least the tenth century AD.
The earliest record of Yangmei in the Xianju County Chronicle is the Ming Dynasty's Wanli Zhi. The county records of the Qing Guangxu period are more specific, in which it is recorded that the Yangmei of Cangling Pit is the best.
In 1986, the Xianju Fruit Resources Census found that 1800 mu of local plums in Xianju County were preserved. In the territory of Xianju, more than 20,000 ancient arbutus trees with hundreds of years old have been found, mainly distributed in Hengxi Town, Xiangshan Township and other places in Xianju County. Among them, a bayberry tree on the top of the screen rock of Hengxi's well-known scenic spot can be called the "ancient arbutus tree king".
Pingfeng Rock, also known as Pingfeng Rock, is about 8 kilometers west of Xianju Hengxi Town, southwest of Zhentou Village. There are hundreds of meters of cliffs like a huge screen across the sky, hence the name. Standing at the foot of the mountain, the screen rock is extremely majestic, and its top is like a cloud.
On the top of the screen rock, there are 27 ancient arbutus trees that are more than hundreds of years old. Among them, on the hillside behind the "Manju Palace" of an ancient temple, there is the largest "Ancient Bayberry Tree King", with a thick trunk, a canopy that shades the sky, and the sunlight can only shine through the gaps to the ground. Standing under the tree, you can see the green arbutus fruit, and the vitality of the "ancient arbutus tree king" makes people feel endlessly.
Guo Yuangen, a 67-year-old local villager, introduced that the annual output of the "ancient bayberry tree king" is more than 1,000 pounds. Ancient bayberry is a xianju tumei, used to make bayberry wine, the taste is very good.
In 2017, when Hengxi Town declared the creation of China's Bayberry Industry Characteristic Town, it had specially sent people to the top of Pingfeng Rock to measure it. The "Ancient Arbutus Tree King" is nearly 8 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1 meter and a canopy diameter of 17 meters.
"These indicators exceed the 'Bayberry Tree King' that can be searched on the Internet at present." On Baidu, the largest "bayberry tree king" can be found in Huaihua, Hunan. In 2015, experts from the local Academy of Forestry identified the tree as 520 years old, and was later recognized by the Hong Kong World Records Association as the "world's oldest bayberry tree". However, judging from the content reported on the Internet, its trunk diameter and canopy diameter are not as good as the one on the screen rock, and the bayberry tree has basically no fruit.
On August 9, 2018, Cao Xingsui, Fan Zhimin, Wang Siming and other expert groups of the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage China Project Expert Group visited the ancient Yangmei Park in Xiangshan Township, Xianju County, and the Ancient Plum Garden in Cheng'ao Village, Hengxi Town, to investigate and evaluate the ancient Yangmei group composite breeding system in Xianju County.
According to the requirements of the application for heritage, the chest diameter of the ancient arbutus tree is greater than 1 meter, the canopy is greater than 10 meters, and the height is greater than 5 meters; the large area of ancient forest with more than 10 trees growing in pieces is called the ancient tree group. According to the above requirements, the 13,425 ancient arbutus trees distributed in 9 villages (streets) of Xianju Hengxi, Xiangshan, Nanfeng, Fuying, And tantan all meet the requirements. Among them, there are more than 1500 contiguous ancient bayberry groups found in Yang'an Village, Xiangshan Township, with an average age of more than 200 years. There are more than 20 ancient plums on the pingfeng rock in Hengxi Town, all of which are more than 1,000 years old.
On August 10, 2018, the Nomination and Evaluation Meeting of the Globally Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Declaration and Culture System of the Xianju Ancient Bayberry Group Was Held. The expert group fully affirmed that Xianju County attaches great importance to the declaration of ancient bayberry trees as globally important agricultural cultural heritage, and believes that the Xianju ancient bayberry group has more characteristics and advantages in terms of scale, age, form and other aspects, and hopes to dig deeper in terms of regional structure and industrial characteristics, make good use of the historical value of ancient bayberry trees to declare success as soon as possible, and further improve the global brand awareness of "Xianju Bayberry".
Agricultural cultural heritage is an agricultural production system, which has been developed by the people of the mainland and the environment for a long time, with rich biodiversity, perfect traditional knowledge and technology system and unique ecological and cultural landscape. There are two types of agricultural cultural heritage, one is china's important agricultural cultural heritage recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture (now the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), and the higher level is the globally important agricultural cultural heritage recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
At present, there are 50 globally important agricultural cultural heritages in the world, of which China accounts for 15, which is the largest number of countries in the world. Xianju County is rich in ancient arbutus trees. Xianju will excavate in depth on the basis of conservation surveys, combined with regional structure and industrial characteristics, and make good use of the historical value of ancient arbutus trees.
After thousands of years of refining, Xianju Bayberry has a glorious history and is constantly innovating, and is an important agricultural cultural heritage for the harmonious development of man and nature.
From the perspective of history and culture, the rich accumulation of hundreds of years of Yangmei history has created the profound cultural connotation of Xianju Yangmei; from an economic point of view, Yangmei Ecological Base is an important economic forest and tourism resource of Xianju, which has important cultural and economic value for the development of tourism economy and agricultural industry; from the perspective of plant ecology, Yangmei Ecological Base has an irreplaceable role in maintaining biodiversity, ecological balance and environmental protection.