Kiwifruit is named because kiwis like to eat, and many people are not clear about the growth and development process, propagation method and cultivation time of kiwifruit, which is briefly introduced here.
According to the growth period, kiwifruit is divided into 4 planting stages, divided into two stages according to the transplanting time, and divided into three stages according to the transplanting step. The specifics are as follows:
Kiwi fruit growth period division
Kiwifruit is suitable for planting in areas with an average annual temperature of 11.3-16.9 °C, an effective accumulated temperature of 4500 to 5200 °C at ≥ 10 °C, and a frost-free period of 160 to 270 days, in order to produce high-quality and high-yield kiwifruit, and growers who want to introduce kiwifruit must understand the local meteorological data.
Kiwi fruit begins to sprout when the temperature rises to 10 ° C in the spring, and at 12-15 ° C, leaves and buds appear, which means that there is basically no special nutrient growth period in spring, but a flowering period. During the flowering period, it is necessary to fertilize and water and thin flowers, carry out artificial pollination, or stock bee pollination, find ways to increase the temperature, increase the pollination rate and fruit setting rate.
During the fruit setting period, kiwifruit will have a rapid expansion period and require sufficient water and nutrients. Kiwifruit likes to be wet and afraid of waterlogging, and needs to be watered and fertilized, but pay attention to flood prevention.
In the middle of the growth of kiwi fruit, the rate of expansion decreases, and the epidermis changes from cyan to yellowish. At this time, foliar spray fertilizer is required, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, to promote fruit expansion. If the terrain is poor, urea plus ternary compound fertilizer can also be applied to the root to supplement the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Kiwi fruit enters the peak of fruit expansion, and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied with water, which helps to improve the quality of the fruit.
The transplanting period of kiwifruit
Kiwi fruit is generally transplanted in time after the fall of leaves in autumn, and the survival rate can reach more than 95%. It is not suitable for transplanting in winter with low temperature, and the survival rate is low. It can also be transplanted in time after the soil is thawed, and the root water is watered to ensure the survival rate.
Transplant kiwifruit and start digging pits and fertilizing according to density more than a month in advance. Density is selected according to trellises and fences, and density should also be appropriately increased or decreased according to varieties, water and fertilizer conditions and irrigation conditions. The trellis is generally based on 4 meters×4 meters, 5 meters×4 meters, 6 meters× 4 meters, 5 meters×5 meters or 6 meters×5 meters to determine the plant spacing. The row spacing of the hedge is 2 to 3 meters× 3 meters or 3 to 4 meters× 4 meters to determine the plant row spacing.
Digging specifications. Generally, according to the length and width of 1 meter, the depth of 0.8-1.0 meters for digging pits, the pit into the pit to apply 3-4 quintals of soil miscellaneous fertilizer or 2 to 3 quintals of pig and cow manure, 30 to 40 kg of straw, 2 to 3 kg of rapeseed cake, 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer, acidic soil can be applied to 1 kg of lime powder. The topsoil is first laid at the bottom, and then the manure is mixed with the bottom soil and then applied to the upper layer, and the soil is about 20 cm.
When planting kiwifruit, it is necessary to prune the aboveground part, retain a trunk, and shorten, retaining 7-8 bud eyes. When transplanting, the soil pit needs to be filled in so that the soil of the colonization hole is 10 cm above the surface, and then the high-quality kiwi seedlings and pollinator seedlings are selected and planted in proportion. Transplanting seedlings needs to expose the grafting site to the surface to ensure that the root system is evenly distributed, and it is appropriate to water after backfilling the soil to ensure that the water soaks the root system. Cover the tree tray with black mulch film, which is conducive to heat preservation and moisturizing.
Post-transplant management. Before the seedlings germinate, make sure that the soil at the root site is moist, but not watery. The seedlings begin to be tied when they reach about 30 cm.
Kiwi seedlings grow vigorously, producing young shoots 3-4 times a year, erasing the buds below the grafting site, leaving 2-3 branches in the upper part, and erasing the rest. The second shoot retains 2-3 branches, which are picked when they reach 20 cm. The main trunk is plucked when the branches grow to 30-40 cm, ensuring a thick and high degree of lignification.
Every time a new shoot is produced, it is necessary to combine irrigation for fertilization in time, apply urea about one or two per plant each time, and apply ternary compound fertilizer the next time, the fertilization distance is 50-60 cm from the trunk, and adhere to the rotation of nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer to ensure that the plant grows and develops well.