The second half of the fifteenth to the first half of the twentieth time of the "History of Ru Lin" can be described as the biography of Kuang Superman. Excerpts have been made from secondary school Chinese textbooks.
Stills from the lu opera "Kuang Superman"
The spiritual orientation of young people is very reflective of the cultural situation of the times. World literature masterpieces have created images of young people who are "seduced" and "from good to depraved". In the French Novel "The Tall Old Man", Rastigné, as a provincial youth with a simple moral concept, came to Paris to gradually transform, and went through the famous "three lessons of life": Madame De Beauséjon "taught" him: to ride others as stagecoaches, except for himself, everything is insignificant; to use women's relations to squeeze into high society.
The villain Fu Tuo coldly taught: "In this society that devours each other, innocence and honesty are useless, and if it does not burst in like a cannonball, it must be drilled like a plague." The sadness of the death of the old man showed him that all human emotions could not resist the evil power of money. After the corrosion of the rich society and the contamination of the turbid culture at that time, he degenerated into an unscrupulous extreme individualist in pursuit of fame and fortune.
French Stendhal's novel "The Red and the Black", the protagonist Yu Lian was born in the lower class, was discriminated against, he lived in a society where everything was dominated by the noble and the rich, and he was not willing to be poor and lowly, and he did not hesitate to enter the rich and noble upper class, so that human nature was dyed blacker and blacker by the black dyeing tank.
Nearly a century before the appearance of Rastigné's image, Chinese literature had the appearance of young figures of "seduced people" and "from goodness to depravity"—Kuang Chaoren of "Ru lin wai shi". Kuang Yizi Superman, a poor rural youth in the countryside of Yueqing County, Wenzhou Province, "went to school for several years", was a small intellectual, and went to the provincial city of Hangzhou with businessmen to seek a way out and seek development, only to live on the streets, without food and clothing, and without any money to go home, relying on word fortune telling to cheat money to survive.
At this difficult time, Mr. Ma Er took the initiative to lend him a helping hand, funding the pancheng, giving cotton clothes, shoes, and even the cost of doing a small business after returning to his hometown. Kuang Chaoren was grateful to Zero, "The two tears exchanged: 'Mr. Meng loves each other so much, why should I repay him!'"
Cheng Shifa painted "Mr. Ma Er's Tour to the West Lake"
Kuang Chaoren is "well-behaved", "well-behaved" since childhood, susceptible to habituation, and highly malleable. At a young age, he went through the study of six "social university" courses: local people's morality - keju officials - celebrity signboard - commodity profit - underworld tricks - thick black in the official field, guidance from famous teachers on the field, good learning and quick success in the field, excellent results in the field, surpassing and upgrading step by step, and finally becoming a "contemporary hero" - "from kindness to degeneration".
The author seems to be intent on using his experience to string together the three main types of people written in this chapter for a small sum.
I. Superman's "Filial Piety" and "Filial Piety"
His starting point was the local culture. With the help of Ma Er, he was able to return to his hometown, "Ōyūso Tsuyoshiko", and his admiration for sincerity is out of nature, simple and lovely:
Kuang Chaoren saw his own door, his heart rejoiced, two steps a step, hurried to knock on the door. The mother heard his voice, opened the door and came out, and saw: "Little Two, you are back!" Kuang Chao said, "Mother, I'm back." "Put down your luggage, put on your clothes, and kowtow to your mother." His mother pinched him and saw that he was wearing a very thick cotton jacket before she relaxed her heart. ...... His father, Kuang Taigong, had heard in his room that his son had returned, and when he was in the room, his illness was more relaxed, and he felt some spirit. Kuang Chaoren walked up to him and shouted, "Daddy, my son is back!" He bowed his head.
Comic strip "Kuang Xiucai"
In this regard, Huang commented: "Here is a 'mother' word,...... The word 'daddy', out of blood sincerity, (on the contrary) became more and more hateful. The novel revolves around the "sincerity of admiration" of natural human nature, filial piety, and unfolds his performance in the local human culture.
The traditional virtue of filial piety, the minimum point is "filial piety", supporting parents is the minimum responsibility of filial piety for children, requiring that every effort should be made to meet the basic material needs of parents, and parents must be carefully cared for when they are born, old, sick and die.
Kuang Chaoren has done a good job in this regard, he is diligent and earnest in running a small business to support his parents, raising pigs and selling meat, grinding beans and selling tofu, and working tirelessly from morning to night. The period of serving his father (Kuang Taigong) out of gong (stool) is particularly valuable:
After a while, Tai Gong said to him: I want to be congratulatory... (Kuang Chaoren) hurriedly went to the kitchen and took a clay pot, filled it with the ash of the tile basin, took it in front of the bed, put a bench on the outside of the tile basin, pulled himself on the bed, helped Taigong over, put his feet on the bench, and his ass was close to the ash of the tile basin. He himself burrowed in the middle, knelt down on both knees, and held The Taigong's two legs on his shoulders, so that the Taigong could sleep peacefully and steadily, and he could feel free; he helped the Taigong's legs to the bed, still straight, and out of the free, and there was no smell in the bed. He lifted the bench, took out the basin and poured it down, still coming in and sitting.
Traditional filial piety should not only be "filial piety", but also "filial piety", not only to provide the basic material needs of parents as much as possible, but also to strive to meet the spiritual needs of parents. After worrying about food and clothing, spiritual comfort is more and more needed, because there is a generation gap, so it is more and more precious.
The ancients said that filial piety is difficult in "color cultivation" - the often kind and pleasant color to parents. The face is the outward expression of inner feelings, truly loving parents, always grateful, and the color of filial piety can become the norm.
In the TV series "Ru Lin Wai Shi", Zong Fengyan played Kuang Chaoren
Kuang Chaoren can do filial piety to his parents, and everything that is delicious must first be given a bowl to his parents to eat first. "Do business half a day in the morning, accompany your father at night, read articles", my father wants to toss until the four drums, he will accompany the four drums to sleep. Accompanying the father who has been sick for a long time in bed, not only adjusting the body for the father, but also trying to "entertain the relatives" and adjust the mood for the father:
Seeing that Taigong was bored, he searched out some scenery on the West Lake, as well as all kinds of food and food sold, and listened to jokes, twists and turns, and listened to Taigong in detail. Taigong laughed when he heard it.
In this regard, his brother Kuang Da is a foil: Kuang Da bought a small chicken for his brother to take the wind, and told his brother not to tell his father. He refused, and gave the chicken a bowl to his parents first, and the rest was the turn of the brothers. The village caught fire and burned to his house, and the brothers behaved very differently:
Comic strip "Kuang Superman"
His brother slept in a dream, picked it up, and only cared about his burden of the last episode. The contents of the burden are fragmented: sesame candy, dried tofu, rotten skin, clay people, children blowing pipes, playing dings, women wearing tin hairpins, carrying this one, dropping that one. The sugar and clay man, broken, broken, broken, made a stinky sweat, and then always picked up and ran out.
...... The light of the fire shone bright red everywhere, and the shouts on both sides were loud. Kuang Chaoren thought, nothing else is tight, rushed into the room to grab a bed quilt in his hand, lifted the Taigong from the bed, carried it on his back, and wrapped his hands tightly.
...... He sat with his wife's back to the empty space outside the door; he flew in again, pulled his sister-in-law and pointed him out of the door; and helped his mother on his back. I had to go out, when the fire had reached the door and there was almost no way out. Kuang Chao said, "Okay! Both parents were rescued! "And put the prince to sleep in the open space, and covered it with a quilt." The mother and sister-in-law sat down in front of them. When he looked for his brother again, he hid there without fear.
His "Dunlun" filial piety is quite touching, and he also adheres to his brother and sister-in-law. In the traditional rural society with a strong ethical atmosphere, he was a filial piety descendant, not only won the praise of the villagers, but also won the appreciation of good officials, and became the capital of later recommendation. If he can grow up in the benevolent and righteous environment advocated by Dr. Yu, he will become a righteous gentleman. Unfortunately not.
2. Superman becomes "non-human"
The mentor he first met was Mr. Ma Er, a literary anthology scholar of the Eight Strands. At that time, the imperial examination system was both a system of selecting scribes and an education system that rose from one level to another. The examination stipulates the use of eight strands of text, also known as shiwen and art writing, which can be called articles at that time. Ma Er specially selected the Chinese articles for each examination, commented on them, and became an "anthology" for issuance, becoming a model for the majority of candidates, allowing candidates to imitate, and the function was similar to that of the current fan essay commentary, thus becoming a "tutoring book" for candidates. Those who manipulate this kind of "election" and "election of government" are called "electers."
Comic strip "Mr. Ma Er"
Mr. Ma Er has been running this kind of election for many years and is a somewhat famous eight-strand time anthology. This famous teacher Gu Dao hot sausage, he saw Kuang Chaoren "obedient" and courteous, exiled to Hangzhou, because he did not have money to go home to support his elderly parents and wept sadly; moreover, when he had no food and clothing, he was still holding his newly selected "Three Branches of Cheng Mo Holding Luck" and reading it. Ma Er felt pity in his heart, so he took him back to his apartment and cared for him in every way:
When he opened the box and took out twelve pieces of silver, he found an old cotton jacket and a pair of shoes, and handed them to him, saying: "This silver, you take home; this shoes and clothes, I am afraid that the road is cold, and I will wear them sooner or later." Kuang Chaoren took the clothes and silver, and the two tears exchanged: "Mr. Meng loves each other so much, why should I repay kuang." ”
Mr. Ma deliberately wanted to point out a way out for this teachable offspring. So he followed the good temptations, followed his filial piety, and guided filial piety to the great filial piety of the prominent relatives, he said:
"Serving my parents, I always focus on articles. In the world, there is no second thing that can come out except this matter. ...... It is just that he has the ability to enter the school, and if he is a person and a soldier, he will immediately honor the ancestors. This is what the "Filial Piety Sutra" calls 'showing one's relatives and making a name', which is great filial piety, and one cannot suffer oneself. The old saying goes: 'There is a house of gold in the book, a thousand bells in the book, and a beautiful jade in the book.' 'And now what is a book?' It's an excerpt from our articles. Brother Xian, when you go back to your adoptive parents, you always focus on doing business. ”...... After saying that, he went to his bookshelf and carefully examined a few articles, tucked them in his cotton jacket, and said: "This is all good, you take it and read it." ”
Manga "Tadashi Superhuman"
Kuang Chaoren held Mr. Ma's reading book and returned to his hometown to read it. A poor rural youth who wants to make progress through reading and change his destiny is beyond reproach in theory, "knowledge is power", "knowledge changes destiny", there are many successful precedents, which should be encouraged.
When Li Benying, a local county magistrate, learned that he was diligent in reading at night, he really rewarded him. But Ma Er's karma induction has a fatal problem: reading books and doing official theories. He used Song Zhenzong's poem "Persuasion" to induce: "There is a golden house in the book, a thousand bells in the book, and a Yan Ruyu in the book." ”
The Chinese feudal rulers of the imperial examination era were to use merit and fame and wealth -- the core was to be officials, to restrain the readers, but also to corrupt the readers, so that they "entered into my body" and were used for them. Reading, exams and obtaining status and fame and fortune are linked, from the positive effect, can play an incentive role, but at the same time have a negative effect, some people excessively pursue fame and fortune, utilitarianism is malignant expansion, psychological imbalance, induce all kinds of personality degeneration.
In view of this, Kuang Chaoren's father, with the insight of the village elders, solemnly instructed his son on his deathbed:
In the end, merit is something outside the body, and virtue is important. I see that your intentions in filial piety are extremely rare, but you can't add a snobbish insight in your stomach and change your heart when the days go a little smoother. After I die, as soon as you are full of clothes, you are anxious to find a relative, always want the children of the poor family, and never covet the rich, and climb the high and the noble.
"Kuang Superman"
One is the road that his father instructed: with the simple words of the village elders, he expressed the correct concept of "learning to become an adult" in traditional culture, that is, "taking tree people as the core and Lide as the foundation", Lide tree people, to be a righteous person. Therefore, "virtue is important", we must resist the invasion of "fame", "greed for wealth", and "snobbery", and degenerate into "inhuman".
One is the path that Ma Er guides: taking the exam and becoming an official, although Ma Er has not forgotten the filial piety of the "Filial Piety Classic", but fundamentally speaking, these two are completely different paths. Where does Kuang Superman go from here? Nor did he choose it all at once, but, as his father had predicted, he experienced "the addition of snobbish insights in his belly and the change of his hourly mind." "And—step by step.
If the sinking of Kuang Superman is attributed to Ma Er's karmic inducement, it is neither in line with real life nor the reality of the work. After returning to his hometown, he still followed the teachings of Teacher Ma to unify the pursuit of merit with the practice of great filial piety, and as mentioned earlier, "filial piety" and "filial piety" (including "color cultivation") were excellent in all kinds of filial piety. An important responsibility is to hold him aside for continuing his education at the "social university."
The second time he came to the famous cultural city of Hangzhou, he met the second type of mentor: Jing Lanjiang and other famous fighters enthusiastically took him into the "Famous Altar of Hangcheng" for apprenticeship, and after the "Flag Pavilion Debate" - the jinshi and the famous scholar, he "knew that there was still this kind of truth in the world": It was not like Ma Er said, "Except for this matter (referring to hard work), there is no second thing that can come out." Originally, there were also "different ways to make a name for themselves by writing poems and climbing the upper echelons."
With his good manners, he learned very smoothly, although he had never written poetry before, he took a look at the "Introduction to Poetry", and what he wrote was not necessarily inferior to those Fighting Poets, he could be better than blue out of blue, and it was not difficult to unfold the road of fame and wealth under his feet.
The world of flowers and flowers opened his eyes, and his heart for fame and wealth was even more eager to try, "if there is milk, he is a mother", he is hungry and does not choose, he also drinks bacteria (violating moral conscience), he also eats toxins (violating the law), as long as it is profitable, he will do it, and whoever takes him will go with whomever he wants.
Cover of the comic strip "Kuang Superman Spoiled"
Too much, began to lose direction, lose concentration, and the moral defense line was the first to lose.
He made a living in a bookstore, providing the market with cultural goods, and the commodity economy soon made him understand, "The selection of books is always based on the line (marketing), if not, the bookstore will lose money." If you want marketing, you must put into line with the taste of the market, adapt to changes, and you will give what people want.
To invest less and produce quickly, his competitiveness is much stronger than that of Ma Er; Ma Er is serious in everything and regards the selection of things as a matter of learning, and sometimes he has to consider a batch of criticism in the middle of the night, while he "approves fifty articles" in one half a night; Ma Er "has to approve three hundred articles for two months, and he is still angry"; and he "approves the same number within six days", and it takes a lot of time for him to write poems and participate in poetry meetings in these six days.
In addition to the valuelessness of the industry itself, the selection itself does not necessarily make people's character bad, and Ma Er's character is not lost, but Kuang Er is not as sincere as Ma Er, and what he learns is to piece together and shoddy for the purpose of making profits. The negative impact of the commodity economy soon disoriented him, and the bookstore paved a way for him to make money and get rich, and with the "different way of merit" taught to him by the famous fighters, he could also hope to be famous and rich. The secret of his life that he learned from here can be "carried forward" in the rest of his career.
His third mentor was Pan San, who was an official at the Cloth Secretary Yamen. Pan San relied on the political apparatus, widely gathered villains, and woven a network of underworlds.
Review of the School of Rulin's Foreign History (Collector's Edition)
Most of the people in the "History of Ru Lin" are not bad to say that it is bad to the end. Pan Sangu is a criminal and evil force, but he is very happy and cheerful to Kuang Chaoren, a young man who has entered the city. In his opinion, those fighting masters with whom Kuang Chaoren was fighting were just "sluggish plagues", and he instigated this knowledgeable young man to do "things with thoughts" if he wanted to do it. Kuang Chaoren still does not distinguish between black and white, "if there is milk, it is a mother", and the hands and feet of Pan Sange get a piece of the pie.
Since then, Kuang Superman's utilitarianism has expanded viciously, and he has rapidly lost control of his behavior, and after the loss of the moral defense line, the legal bottom line has also been lost. How did he make profits: acting as Pan San's accomplice, committing adultery, and not refusing to do so: fake carvings and seals, fake official documents, and abducting and selling a young female lotus flower, whether the lotus flower girl fell into the fire pit or dead or alive, he "joyfully accepted" twenty-two silver flowers of white flowers, and from then on "gradually became brighter."
It was twenty-two, two hundred and twenty, and he risked the crime of going to jail and sneaking into the examination hall of the Tao and taking a show talent for the "wordless" boy. Third Brother Pan gave him this money, helped him to pawn the house, helped him marry the daughter of Zheng Laopa, the messenger of the Fuyuan Yamen, as his wife, and soon gave birth to a daughter, and had a wife and a daughter and a house, and was a stable city person.
"The History of Ru Lin", Huang Xiaotian commented on the point book
According to Huang Xiaotian's comments, the former filial piety people have been alienated and degenerated into "non-human" at this time. Perform the "inhuman" mental technique, "self-sacrifice of his conscience", "skillfully take advantage of the richness of the world" (Lying Idle Caotang Commentary). The paradox is that it was precisely when he "lost his conscience" that he was "inscribed with excellent deeds and paid tribute to Taixue"!
According to the system at that time, xiucai of schools at the prefectural, state, and county levels had the conditions of good grades or deep qualifications, and could enter the Guozi prison by recommending a "tribute" and be able to obtain the qualification to participate in the election of officials. Such scholars are called "Gongsheng", according to the way of tribute can be divided into a variety of kinds, Kuang Chaoren's "titled excellent behavior" refers to the excellent tribute, the standard is "character and learning", this quota is very small, the provincial academic administration three-year term can be selected, a province to elect a few people.
Kuang Superman's depravity and "excellent behavior" actually came at the same time, which is tantamount to showing that the examination and selection system and even the social system at that time, black and white have been indistinguishable, or even reversed, and degeneration is excellent behavior, and excellent behavior is degeneration, which is a sharp irony. He followed this turbid stream of fame and fortune (not like the crown of kings), and the gushing turbidity pushed him into a "contemporary hero".
Third, if you lose morality, you lose people
He quickly soared, mixed into the capital, entered the official field, and came to a higher vanity fair to take the lesson of "thick black in the official field". He felt that his father-in-law's status was too low, and it would be very undignified to truthfully "say that the father-in-law was a poor person in the hospital", so he lied that he did not marry a wife.
Lee sent a butler to inquire about him as his niece and son-in-law, and he was "shocked... If you want to allow him, I am afraid that there will be a hindrance." When "fear of reason is hindered", people with good moral character will keep the moral red line and not exceed reason; people who cannot keep the moral bottom line will consciously or unconsciously find excuses to excuse themselves, such as "everyone is like this", "a certain celebrity is like this", and so on, in order to dispel guilt.
This is known in psychology as the "defense mechanism." Kuang Chaoren is not only like this, he has realized with his well-behaved character that in order to enter the official arena, he must invest in power as a patron, how can this opportunity to be sent to the door be missed? With his experience in making a profit in the bookstore, and with his practice of following Pan San in doing all kinds of bad things, he immediately "turned around and said: 'What's the harm in saying that Cai Zhuangyuan in the drama has recruited niu Xiangfu and passed it on as a good story!'" --This "turn of thought" leads to a deceptive "reason".
"New Towel Box Pipa"
In fact, for example, in the "Southern Word Narrative , Song and Yuan Old Texts" bibliography, the early "Cai Bo Cao Pipa Record" "that is, the old Bo Zhao abandoned his relatives and died of thunder", in the Wenzhou area where Kuang Chao lived, Cai Bo Was either killed by "violent thunder" or "thunder bombardment"; lu You's "Boat Tour Near the Cottage Boat Step Return" The fourth has "Xieyang Ancient Willow Zhaojiazhuang, negative drum blind man is making the scene." After death, whoever is in charge, Manmura argues about Cai Zhonglang. It is also said that The historical figure Cai Zhonglang should be an affirmative figure, while folk rap scolds Cai Bozai.
Kuang Chaoren is a person in this area, knowing that he will be scolded for "abandoning his relatives and betraying his wife", knowing that it is wrong, he actually crossed a heart, reversed black and white and strongly argued that it was a "good story", this is a conscience to find a crooked reason to excuse himself, it is already shameless, shameless!
Therefore, he abandoned his wife, stopped his wife and remarried, hated lightly, and became a niece and son-in-law in the matter. On the side of the capital, he was "surrounded by pearls and greenery, Yan'er was newly married", embracing "Yao Palace Fairy, Chang'e under the Moon", when he was overwhelmed; on the side of his hometown, the abandoned wife vomited blood alive and suffocated, just as the old mother-in-law complained of blood and tears: "Send my delicate daughter to death!" ”
"Li Hanqiu Talks about Rulin"
"Ru Lin Wai Shi" not only allows the reader to see such ugliness from the sharp contrast, but also points out its ugly psychological process in a finishing touch, and quietly makes kuang superman's behavioral logic run counter to the reader's conscience between the lines, which is called "emotional retrograde" in literary and artistic psychology. It is in "emotional retrograde" that the reader's conscience is struck, and he feels pain and anger, and at the same time he feels pain and sorrow because he lashs out at ugliness.
This artistic enjoyment of a mixture of pain and pleasure, called "purification" in Aristotle's Poetics, is actually the "cultivation" and "baptism" of art by the human soul.
Fourth, Kuang Chaoren was happy about Chang'an Road
He had just been admitted to the Inner Court Teaching, and before he took office, he returned to Hangzhou to take the knot, and Teacher JingLanjiang accompanied Jiang To visit the execution room, and he blew in the tone of the famous people of the West Lake Such as Jinglanjiang in the past, "(My) students are all adults with more than three products of shade attack, and when they come out, they are the governor, fu, ti, and town, all of whom prostrate themselves in front of me." ”
Since the power was so great, Jing Lanjiang and others proposed to go with the trend, and Pan Sanba, who was arrested, looked at him. As soon as he heard this, he immediately changed his face, did not care about the generosity of Third Brother Pan's generosity to himself, but according to the official culture, lest he be implicated, hurriedly cut it, and also declared with vigor and eloquence, "(I) will do things for the imperial court, and I will follow the rewards and punishments of the imperial court... Even if I am a magistrate, I will also visit him. ”
Commentators in the Qing Dynasty mostly scolded this person from ungratefulness, but in fact, his "official style" was equally hateful. The outspoken private like the Hu butcher is shallow and ugly; officials like Kuang Er package "private" with "public", which is ugly and false and even more sinister!
"Rulin's Foreign History Research Data Integration"
After the disgusting performance, he appeased Teacher Jing Lanjiang, who had come to ask pan San for help; "(I) will have a fat place to go back this time, and when I arrive for a year and a half, then bring a few hundred silver to help him" - this can expose the horse's feet, although it was originally just an empty check for the teacher, but it revealed that his creed as an official was the same as Wang Hui's: "Three years of Qing Prefect, 100,000 snowflakes of silver". It can be expected that his political achievements after taking office will also melt the poisonous juice of various turbid cultures, surpassing the teachers of the previous course.
People are alienated into "non-human", lose the moral bottom line of human beings, and even the bottom line of the law, and have lost their conscience, they are naturally brazen and shameless, and their speech and behavior are incomprehensible. Kuang Chaoren, contrary to the original pure and good nature of rural youth, only to show off himself, did not hesitate to betray his mentor Mr. Ma Er in front of everyone.
Ma Er once pointed out that "there is talent in the article, but the reasoning is owed a little," and now he retorts to Teacher Ma Er, "There is more than enough reason and law, but there is not enough talent, so his selection of books is not very good." Really, the opposite of "Ciwu feeding back" is "jackal regurgitation", I think when I was exiled to Hangcheng to be assisted by Mr. Ma Er, I once "exchanged tears" and vowed to repay the favor, and now I have crossed from intending to feed back to anti-devouring! He regurgitated those who were kind to him along the way, and this person was also anti-eaten to society.
Stamp "Mr. Ma Er's Tour to the West Lake"
Before he was finished, he continued to blow: "Only the little brother's selection is available in foreign countries." I really should have consulted Mr. Kuang, I don't know when foreign countries have also done eight shares?—— he spit and boasted triumphantly: everyone in the five provinces of the Central Plains reads the "god position of the first Confucian Kuangzi".
Another cow cloth is not interested, and it is revealed on the spot: "Xianru" refers to the dead person, you are a living person, why should you be called the god of Xianru! He also braced himself to play with lai's cunning: "No! The so-called 'first Confucian' is also the name of Mr. "When Niu Buyi saw him say this, he didn't argue with him." He who does not argue with him is not unable to argue with him, but it is useless to argue, he is no longer ignorant but shameless! The Analects says: "Shameless shame, shamelessness"; "Knowing shame is almost courageous". Mortals should have the heart of shame and the courage to know shame, and once they reach the point of shamelessness, their conscience has been extinguished, which is shameless and appropriate to show the ugliness of "inhumanity".
I really should believe that "Zhizi MoRuo's father", Kuang Chaoren's old father's worries have become a reality. After the gusts of turbidity culture, the background of the traditional virtues upheld by the children of the countryside has been washed away, and "virtue" and "filial piety" cannot resist the "snobbish insight" of "meritorious fame" and "wealth", this temptation is institutional, and it is the heavenly net under the mechanism and system of the whole society at that time! The author carefully designed Kuang Chaoren to go through a variety of turbid cultures, let people see what results will be dyed, and point out the intention with Kuang Taigong's last words.
The ancients said, "Filial piety is cultivated, followed by color, followed by body." (Huan Kuan's "Salt and Iron Treatise on Filial Piety") We are from low to high, the order is opposite to Huan Kuan, and we have already talked about Kuang Chao's filial piety ("raising body") and filial piety ("raising color") in the countryside, now how about "Yang Zhi"? Yangzhi can also be called filial piety, which refers to the effort to realize the kindness and reasonable aspirations and aspirations of parents.
Kuang's father's wishes have been described in the last words of the last words quoted above, and Kuang Chaodu has done the opposite, and the father's admonition, Kuang Chaoren has practiced them one by one. At this time, Kuang Chaoren will not only not return to his hometown to raise his body and color for the superior, but also the opposite of Yang zhi, the old father wants him to be a good person's "zhi", he has long been thrown out of the cloud of nine clouds, even from the perspective of traditional filial piety, he is already completely filial piety!
Liu Danzhai painting "Wang Mian Painting Lotus Map"
The mother of Wang Mian in the first time of the novel also has a dying last word, which is similar to Kuang's father: "Over the past few years, people have said in front of my ears that you have learned and should persuade you to go out and become an official." Being an official is not a matter for Emperor Rongzong yaozu,...... My son can listen to my last words,...... Don't go out and be an official. I'm dead, and my mouth and eyes are closed. ”
From our point of view, of course, we cannot deny "being an official" in general, and "serving as an official and benefiting one party" is not quite good. The author is writing about the simple intuition of an old rural woman, she is aimed at the fact that what she saw in that era is mostly bad officials; moreover, she simply separates "being an official" and "being a good person" in the opposite poles, and once she is poisoned by "reading and becoming an official" and is bent on pursuing fame and wealth, she will, as Father Kuang said, "add snobbish insight in a belly", and her character will degenerate.
Wang Mian obeyed his mother's instructions, maintained his noble character, and achieved the achievement of a man of GreatNessa, compared with Kuang Chaoren, the sage and foolishness were nothing less than heaven and earth.
When Kuang Chaoren's mother first saw her son coming home, she whispered, "Since you went with the guests, for more than a year, my flesh has been uneasy!" ...... One night I dreamed that you came to my house and looked at me and cried, and woke me up crying. One night I dreamed that you were wearing a gauze hat and said that you had become an official. I smiled and said, 'I'm a farmer, so what do the officials do?' "This official is not your son, but your son has also become an official, but he will never come to you again in this life." I began to cry again, and said, 'If you are an official, you will not be allowed to meet, and this official will not be him!' ’”
History of Rulin and Chinese Culture
"The History of Ru Lin Wai Shi" writes many dreams with deep meanings, and some are metaphors. Kuang Mother's dream has many layers of meaning, from the tangible traces, your son "became an official, but in this life will never come to you again", this is the Folk Drama text said Cai Boxue-style "abandoned relatives", Kuang Chaoren is also, several times have the opportunity to return to his hometown and provincial relatives, he has no intention of visiting his relatives, only cares about fame and wealth, regardless of repaying kindness and affection.
From the perspective of the invisible spirit, "this official is not your son", the soul is completely different, and the son who used to "use his heart on filial piety" has disappeared without a trace. She "began to cry again", not only crying that her son's "flesh" could not come back, but also crying that his son's soul was lost forever! This is the lesson left by the image of Kuang Superman at the cost of the soul: to lose virtue is to lose people!
As quoted earlier, "Tragedy destroys the valuable things of life for people to see, and comedy tears apart the worthless things for people to see." Kuang Superman seems to be a successful "contemporary hero", tearing through its smooth surface, but inside he is small and shameless, worthless, which is ironic and comedic; and in essence, as stated at the beginning, he is "seduced", "from good to depraved", to "inhuman", his pure good nature is poisoned, and the original value is destroyed, which is tragic. This image is also a creation of a mixture of comedy and tragedy.
The thirteenth to twentieth times of the "History of Ru Lin" are actually "Ma Er Kuang Er's Combined Biography", and the result of Kuang Chao's contamination is also a kind of "results" test of Ma Er's educational thought, Ma Er cannot bear full responsibility, nor can he bear the main responsibility, but it also declares the failure of the educational route he chose and preached, and the failure of the life path.
The author plays Dr. Yu
Humanities scholar Elderly self-described
Li Hanqiu
In the early years, the class was opened to the Qing Dynasty, and Wu Barnyard and Guan Qing1 were devoted.
The CPPCC knows the fate of reverence for benevolence and righteousness, and is committed to the Chinese festival 2.
The year of zhi Qi returned to Ru Lin, and the promise was passed down from generation to generation to establish a destiny3.
The members are scholars and have won the title of humanities scholars 4.
The author is in front of the statue of Wu Jingzi, the whole pepper with his own inscription
concentrate:
1. Teach from the early years, open the Yuan Ming and Qing dynasty literature classes. Studying Wu Jingzi's "History of Ru LinWai" and Guan Hanqing, several books have been published. "Guan Hanqing's Famous Drama Appreciation" can be transmitted, and the Japanese translation has been partially published.
2. In the 20 years since the year of knowing his destiny, he has been serving as a member of the CPPCC National Committee, the first of which has been ren yi li zhixin to restore his regular position, the first to advocate the Qingming Dragon Boat Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival holiday, and dozens of books, such as "Records of Li Hanqiu's Promotion of Chinese Culture", "The New Three Character Classic", "LI Hanqiu, THE STYLE OF CPPCC MEMBERS in Performing Their Duties", "Wenku Li Hanqiu of CPPCC Members", "The Mystery of Traditional Festivals", "Sincerity and Filial Piety, Benevolence, and Justice".
3. Rulin refers to the group of readers, and here it also refers to "Rulinology". More than twenty books on Rulinology have been published, and they are intended to be passed down to the world with the series of "Basic Research on the History of Rulin's Foreign History". The listed candidates include "Review of Rulin's Foreign History School", "Li Hanqiu's Lecture on Rulin", "Wu Jingzi's Poetry Biography", "Rulin's Foreign History Research Data Integration" and so on.
4. Comprehensively, known as the humanist, he fulfilled the wish of the scholar.
"CPPCC Members Performing Their Duties: Li Hanqiu"