Stone statue of the military attaché of YongtaiLing
Watch over the rise and fall
At the beginning of the founding of the Song Dynasty, there was a fierce debate on whether to move the capital to Luoyang, but Zhao Kuangyin, the grandfather of the Song Dynasty, who advocated the relocation of the capital, fell behind in the controversy with the group of ministers, and the matter of moving the capital was shelved.
But shelving does not mean giving up, although it is not mentioned on the surface, in private Zhao Kuangyin is still secretly exerting his strength.
In 964, Zhao Kuangyin moved his father Zhao Hongyin from Kaifeng to Gong County (present-day Gongyi), near Luoyang, as the Yong'an Mausoleum. Twelve years later, he stood on the upper floor of the Yong'an Mausoleum, facing Luoyang, shooting a feather arrow with his bow, and pointed to the place where the arrow landed and told the people that his mausoleum would be installed there, and his name would be Yongchang Mausoleum.
Unexpectedly, Zhao Kuangyin suddenly collapsed in the winter of that year, and the matter of moving the capital was not resolved.
However, although Luoyang did not become the capital of the Song Dynasty, with the guidance of Xuanzu (Zhao Hongyin) and Taizu, in the following 150 years, thousands of tombs of royal relatives and princes and ministers were successively settled in Gongyi in the north pillow Yellow River and south WangsongYue. If it were not for the change of Jing Kang and the southward migration of the Song Dynasty, the entire imperial tombs of the Great Song Dynasty might have all gathered here.
Distribution map
From Song Taizu to Song Zhezong and the posthumous Song Xuanzu, seven emperors, eight imperial tombs, scattered among the houses and fields of Gongyi, like a timeline interpreting the illusions of the Northern Song Dynasty, we dare to turn Shinto into a time tunnel and lead all the way to that controversial dynasty.
Stone carvings of the Song Tombs
The Song Dynasty had a complex and brief prequel.
After the Huangchao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the land of China was soon plunged into the division and turmoil of the "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms". Beginning with Zhu Wen's usurpation of the Tang Dynasty, in less than 50 years, the Central Plains successively appeared in the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Five regimes, and even the emperors changed more than a dozen, and the people were even more miserable.
In 954 AD, the second emperor of the Later Zhou Dynasty, Chai Rong, was born out of nowhere, and with his super personal ability, he practiced the grand vision of "ten years to open up the world, ten years to feed the people, and ten years to the taiping", and had the potential to unify the world within the Qing Dynasty.
Unfortunately, Chai Rong suddenly fell seriously ill on the way to the Northern Expedition to collect Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures, and he could not afford to be ill. On his deathbed, he handed over the military power to command the forbidden army to the ai general Zhao Kuangyin.
In July 959, Chai Rong died of illness, and the young emperor, who was only seven years old, ascended the throne. In a troubled world, this is a dangerous signal.
Sure enough, on the first day of the first lunar month in 960, Bianguan urgently reported that the Khitan united with the Northern Han Dynasty to move south, and the imperial court did not distinguish between true and false, and urgently sent Zhao Kuangyin to lead an army north to resist the enemy. In the third year of the first year, the main force arrived at Chen Qiaoyi, forty miles outside Kaifeng City, where Zhao Kuangyin "added his yellow robe" and took away the little emperor's dragon chair overnight.
The times turned over, and the Song Dynasty came.
In ancient China, all the founding kings had to add an emperor title to their father, and this is how the temple number of Zhao Hongyin, the ancestor of song Xuanzu, came from.
When Zhao Kuangyin became emperor, Zhao Hongyin had been dead for four years, and it is recorded in the History of Song that "Xuanzu Shaoxiao was brave and good at riding and shooting", and as early as the Later Tang Dynasty, he became a general of the Forbidden Army because of his military merits. Later, after the Later Jin, Later Han and Later Zhou, the dynasties changed, the emperor changed frequently, but Zhao Hongyin was always able to gain a firm foothold in the forbidden army, which shows that this Song Xuanzu is by no means an idle person.
But Zhao Hongyin was only a nominal emperor after all, so his Yong'an Mausoleum was inferior to the other seven imperial tombs in terms of regulation and posterity.
Song Xuanzu Yong'an Mausoleum
Only one small mausoleum still exists, and the Shinto and stone carvings are gone. If there are not a few paulownia trees to mark, it is really not easy to identify.
However, not far to the west of the Yong'an Mausoleum is the conspicuous Yongchang Mausoleum, separated by only a road and a wheat field between the two imperial tombs. So as long as you find the Yongchang Mausoleum, the location of the Yong'an Mausoleum will be locked.
Although the Yongchang Tomb and the Yong'an Mausoleum are very close, the distance between their central axis is also more than 600 meters, even if Zhao Kuangyin is born with divine power, the possibility of being able to shoot a feather arrow out of five or six hundred meters is still very small, so the story of Song Taizu's "one arrow to determine the tomb" is actually to put a question mark.
Song Taizu Yongchang Mausoleum
Although Zhao Kuangyin's throne came from an improper path, he was still a emperor who was still deeply popular with the people.
When Chen Qiao mutinied, Zhao Kuangyin completed the change of dynasty with careful planning, superb acting skills, and strict military law, and almost did not have a bloody blade and the city was not easy to wantonly. When he stabilized the situation, in order to prevent others from copying and pasting this model, he used a feast to "release the right to drink and release the soldiers", so that the founding generals who were heavily armed with heavy troops voluntarily returned to their hometowns one by one and were able to die well.
This series of divine operations not only avoided bloody killings, but also gathered the support of the Later Zhou Gongqing, and the Great Song regime soon gained a foothold.
Well, that's it!
Song Ling stone carved Lu duan
The Southern Song Dynasty Lu You recorded such a historical material in the "Summer Escape":
In 962, Song Taizu placed an oath monument in the Taimiao Temple, which could only be opened by the emperor himself and knelt down to recite silently during the sacrifice and the new emperor's ascension to the throne, and the courtiers and close attendants could not come close. After the change of Jing Kang, the Jin people plundered the palace and opened the Taimiao Temple, so that people could see this monument. The stele contains three lines of oaths: one is "the descendants of the Chai clan shall not be punished for their sins, and if they commit treason, they shall be given in prison, and they shall not be killed by cao, nor shall they sit on their subordinates"; the second is "they shall not kill the scholars, doctors, and those who have written to them"; the third is "Those who have this oath of death shall be destroyed by heaven [jí]".
Although modern historians have been arguing endlessly about the existence of the Taizu Oath Monument, it is an indisputable fact that the Song Dynasty tolerated and relied on literati and doctors.
During the Two Song Dynasties, the status of Wen Chen was always above that of military generals, and "right wen suppressed martial arts" and "Wen Yi Jingguo" were also long-term national policies of the Song Dynasty. Although this move has created the prosperity of society and the prosperity of culture, it has also buried the fatal hidden danger of weak national defense.
I just think there's a problem.
Stone carvings of the Song Tombs
The "Song Shi Taizu Benji" says that Zhao Kuangyin "has a majestic appearance and an open-minded attitude", which is true from the series of measures he took after he came to power.
In addition, Zhao Kuangyin, who grew up in the army, was also a martial arts master, and he also took the rank of general among the ten thousand armies, and it is said that the mother of the Hundred Fists, "Taizu Long Fist", is the legacy left to us by the founding emperor of the Great Song Dynasty.
In fact, the military strength of the Song Dynasty during the Zhao Kuangyin period was not weak, the emperor was heroic and heroic, and the generals were able to fight good battles, so the Song army could use just twelve years to eliminate the deep-rooted and leafy separatist regimes in the south one by one, laying the foundation for China's reunification.
Unfortunately, the Song Dynasty army debuted at its peak, and after that, it was mostly beaten and sought peace.
Shhh, don't bully me.
Song Ling Stone Tiger Stone Sheep
This is how Zhao Kuangyin bid farewell to history. In 976, Song Taizu sent troops to conquer the Northern Han For the third time, and seeing that the final decisive battle was about to begin, the war suddenly ended.
The reason is that Emperor Taizu died overnight.
On the night of October 20, 976, Zhao Kuangyin, on a whim, ordered Zhao Guangyi to enter the palace, what to do? Drink and chat.
However, after drinking the wine, near dawn, the eunuchs were horrified to find that the emperor had died.
The eunuchs only remembered that during the long night, the snowflakes flew everywhere, the two of them chatted secretly under the candlelight, and when the door of the temple opened at the third time, Zhao Guangyi bid farewell, and Zhao Kuangyin took a pillar axe and stomped on the snow a few times, and said to his brother in passing: "Easy to do!" Easy to do! ”
Empress Xiaozhang, who learned of the emperor's death, originally ordered the grand eunuch Wang Ji'en to summon her son Zhao Defang into the palace, but unexpectedly waited for Zhao Guangyi to appear gloomily.
At dawn, the Song Dynasty quietly changed masters, and the second emperor, Zhao Guangyi, ascended the throne in the legend of "axe sound candle shadow", known as Song Taizong.
Zhao Kuangyin died a bizarre death, and many historians believe that he was extremely likely to be poisoned by his brother.
Song Ling Shi Hu
Yongchang Mausoleum is probably preparing for tourism development, and the cemetery is surrounded by baffles, and tourists are not allowed to enter and visit.
We looked over the wild grass pile behind us and saw a huge mound, that is, Zhao Kuangyin's grave, if you look closely, it is mostly written: Brother is not willing.
Yongchang Mausoleum sealed mounds
When we left the Yongchang Mausoleum, the uncle who guarded the tomb said to us: "Go to the front to see the Yongxi Tomb, Zhao Kuangyin's brother is there, better looking than here." ”
So we went to Yongxi Tomb again.
Song Taizong Yongxi Mausoleum
It is said that after Zhao Guangyi became emperor, he always felt that his name was not right and his heart was not solid. So he moved out with Zhao Pu, the prime minister, a "golden alliance".
To the effect that Zhao Kuangyin snatched the dragon chair of the Little Emperor of Later Zhou, Zhao Kuangyin's mother, Empress Du, instructed Zhao Kuangyin before her death to pass the throne to her younger brother, not her younger son, so as not to repeat the same mistakes.
When Zhao Kuangyin died, his two sons, one 17 years old and one 25 years old, were no longer young sons, and this explanation was obviously far-fetched. However, with the "Golden Alliance", Zhao Guangyi was relieved a lot.
The Zhao brothers also had a younger brother, Zhao Tingmei, but Song Taizong did not give his younger brother a chance to chat with Bingzhan and forced him to die a few years later, and Taizu's two sons eventually died one after another.
Yongxi Ling Shinto stone carving
For Zhao Guangyi, unifying China remains his top priority, and he desperately needs to consolidate his throne with a few victories.
In 978, Emperor Taizong of Song used a powerful political offensive to force Wu Yueguo in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and the remnants of the Southern Tang in Fujian to submit, and the south was pacified. The following year, he put on a battle, personally marched, and attacked the Northern Han in one fell swoop, completely ending the history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
This road was inevitably too smooth, and Song Taizong began to inflate himself, and in the absence of rest in the army, he tried his best to defy the public opinion, planning to take back Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures with a single blow.
The result can be imagined, a big defeat.
In 986, Emperor Taizong of Song took advantage of Emperor Liao's young age to send troops to the Northern Expedition for the second time, but unexpectedly encountered the strong woman Empress Xiao, and the Song army once again lost troops and returned without success.
Yong Xiling's guest envoy with a sad face
During the First Northern Expedition, Emperor Taizong himself was hit by two arrows, and the arrow sores recurred year after year, and finally took his life 18 years later. During the Second Northern Expedition, the father and son of the general Yang Ye, knowing that they would be defeated, still resisted the enemy in blood and died generously, and their stories were adapted into "Yang Family General" by posterity and passed down from generation to generation.
Both raids ended in failure, causing a lot of psychological shadows for the Song court. The Song army stopped the pace of expansion, from offensive to defensive, song Taizong also shifted his energy from martial arts to civil rule, developed education, vigorously promoted science and technology, boosted commerce and trade, and encouraged Nongsang, and the economic strength of the Song Dynasty began to jump sharply.
Yongxi Ling Shinto stone carving
Yongxi Tomb is located in a village called hū tuó village, and the wide Shinto shrine now doubles as a villagers' square.
We heard an old saying in the village: Tanglin lion Xiling elephant, good stone sheep on the Tuotuo Tomb. It means that the stone elephants of Yongtai Tomb and the stone lions of Yongyu Tomb and the stone sheep of Yongxi Tomb are better than other mausoleums in terms of carving and modeling.
Yongxi Tomb Stone Sheep
According to the regulations, there are 62 complete stone carvings of the Northern Song Dynasty Imperial Tomb, including 2 Wangzhu, 2 elephants and elephant trainers, 2 Rui bird stone screens, 2 lù ends, 4 honor guards, 8 horse control officers, 4 shi hu, 4 shi sheep, 4 wenchen, 4 military generals, 6 guest envoys, 2 zhenling generals, 2 shangma stones, 2 palace people, internal servants, and chuanqi, and 8 four stone lions.
These stone carvings do not have uniform specifications, and their appearance and shape are also different. Although the Gongyi people have long been surprised by the stone statues of the Song Dynasty scattered everywhere, once they talk to outsiders, they are still like a number of family treasures.
Stone carvings of the Song Tombs
The "Shinto Square" is a favorite place for villagers in Tuotuo Village to go in their leisure time, where the elderly and children sit or stay, recounting ancient stories under tall stone statues.
If he heard about the past, even Shi Yang would fall into a long memory.
In March 997, Emperor Taizong of Song saw that he could not do it.
A coup d'état is also undercurrent, and the participant is none other than the eunuch Wang Ji'en, who witnessed the shadow of the axe candle, and he and Empress Li plan to gamble again, hoping to establish a manipulative emperor to ensure that his official position will last forever.
Fortunately, the chancellor Lü Duan foiled the coup d'état, and Zhao Heng was able to succeed to the throne, that is, Song Zhenzong, who was lying in the Yongding Mausoleum.
Song Zhenzong Yongding Mausoleum
When Emperor Zhenzong ascended the throne, the Song Dynasty was already on the fast lane, and as long as the family stabilized the direction and stepped on the accelerator, this huge country could skyrocket, not to mention the governance experts such as Li Xun, Kou Zhun and Lü Mengzheng to help manage the government. Therefore, the first prosperous era of the Great Song Dynasty, the "Rule of Xianping", soon arrived.
Emperor Zhenzong continued to carry forward the idea of emphasizing literature over martial arts during the Taizong period, and Emperor Zhao Heng, in order to encourage the people to conform to the text, also wrote such famous sentences as "there is a golden house in the book, and there is a Yan Ruyu in the book". The concept of "everything is inferior, only reading is high" has gradually penetrated the hearts of the people in the atmosphere of upward and downward effects.
I gave up resisting...
Song Ling Stone Sheep
However, the consequences of neglect of armaments soon began to manifest themselves.
In 1004, Empress Xiao of the Liao State and Emperor Shengzong of Liao personally led an army of 200,000 to attack Beijing. Terrified, Song Zhenzong was dragged across the Yellow River by Kou Zhunlian to stabilize the army.
Song Zhenzong was reluctant to go to the front, but the commander of the Liao State was also accidentally killed, according to the reason, the victory or defeat of this war was undecided, and both sides wanted to truce and negotiate peace, depending on whose tone was hard.
However, Song Zhenzong took the initiative to express his willingness to exchange gold for liao in exchange for peace.
In this way, there was also a woolen thread, the Liao army was victorious and victorious, pulling a large number of gold and silver treasures to withdraw the troops happily, the Song army was undefeated and defeated, and also signed a much-criticized alliance of the Yuanyuan.
Since then, "spending money to buy peace" has become a routine option for the Song Dynasty monarchs to deal with border troubles. Someone calculated that the payment of old coins was much less than the cost of fighting a war, and the emperor was deeply impressed, so the Song Dynasty had a strange phenomenon of stronger and stronger financial resources and more and more tired military strength.
Song Ling squatting lion
The alliance of Yuanyuan became a turning point in Song Zhenzong's style evaluation from good to bad, and afterwards Zhenzong himself felt humiliated, so he asked the deputy chancellor Wang Qinruo how to regain face, and Wang Qinruo gave two options, either to send troops to recover Yanyun, or to go to Mount Taishan to do the Sealing Zen Ceremony.
Zhenzong chose the latter. When the news came out, the Whole Song Dynasty set off a crooked wind of contention and praise, and the emperor himself pretended to be a ghost, cultivating palaces and worshipping gods and immortals everywhere, not only going to Shandong to seal Mount Taishan, but also running to Shanxi to sacrifice Houtu.
The story of "Eastern Feng Xi Qi" was played by Song Zhenzong into a story of "the emperor's new clothes", the central pillars of the DPRK were squeezed out one by one, and the generation of sneaky horses led by Wang Qinruo and Ding Shu took the opportunity to ascend to the throne, and the court of the Great Song Dynasty was in a miasma for a while, and the ugly state was full of ugliness.
Song Zhenzong lowered the threshold for sealing Zen, and since then, no emperor has ever been willing to engage in Taishan Sealing Zen.
Song Lingyi guarded horses and controlled horse officials
Zhenzong's Yongding Mausoleum is next to a busy national highway and is the only Northern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum that requires a ticket to visit. We arrived just in time for the attraction to leave work, unable to go inside to find out, but only looking across the fence.
In folk opera, in order to become empress, Concubine Liu of Song Zhenzong stole the prince born to Concubine Li and replaced it with a tanuki cat, so Concubine Li was expelled from the court, and the baby who was replaced did not die, and became the emperor by chance, that is, the later Song Renzong.
The two lords who sat in the opposite seat with the "Tanuki Cat for Prince", Empress Liu E of Zhang Xianmingsu and Empress Li Chenfei of Zhang Yi, were buried in the Yongding Mausoleum.
However, the truth of history is that Song Zhenzong favored Concubine Liu, but Concubine Liu could not have children, and Concubine Li was originally Concubine Liu's maid, but accidentally gave birth to a prince. Soon after, Concubine Liu took the crown prince away and falsely claimed to be her own, and Emperor Zhenzong of Song also cooperated with the world to inform the world that Concubine Liu had given birth to a prince and naturally made him empress.
Li Shi is only a small person, although his heart is like a knife, he can only silently accept this result.
Later, When Emperor Renzong of Song learned the truth, he posthumously honored Li as empress and buried Empress Li with Empress Liu at Yongding Mausoleum.
Liu Houling and Li Houling pillowed next to Song Zhenzong one after the other, with love in the front and fulfillment in the back.
Stone carvings of the Shinto of Yongdingling
Emperor Renzong of Song had a rough life, but he was the longest-reigning emperor of the Song Dynasty, lasting 42 years, which was called "Renzong Shengzhi" in Chinese history books.
During the Reign of Emperor Renzong, the Song Dynasty reached its heyday, far surpassing the Han and Tang Dynasties in terms of population and taxation, and cultural prosperity, scientific and technological prosperity, and ideological schools were introduced to the new, which was a period most respected by scholars.
In the "History of Song", it is evaluated: "To be a man is a king, to stop at benevolence." "Emperor Cheng is not ashamed.
"Ren" is the most rare quality of an emperor, but it is also the deepest impression of People of Song Renzong.
He who loves others, he loves them forever. From Emperor Renzong's Yongzhao Mausoleum, it can be seen how much posterity liked the emperor.
The lion walking of yongzhao tomb
Located in the urban area, Yongzhao Mausoleum is a landmark building in Gongyi and a popular citizen park.
The ground building of the cemetery was restored as it was in 1995, so you can get a glimpse of the old style of the Northern Song Dynasty Imperial Mausoleum at the Yongzhao Mausoleum.
Song Renzong Yongzhao Mausoleum panorama
According to the ancestral system, the imperial tombs of the Song Dynasty could only be organized and built by the successors after the death of the emperor, and they had to be completed within 7 months, so compared with the imperial tombs of other dynasties that had been repaired for decades, the Song tombs were much more compact.
Despite this, the construction of the Yongzhao Tomb was still laborious and costly. According to historical records, the tomb was devoted to more than 40,000 soldiers, 500,000 taels of silver, 1.5 million pieces of money, and 2.5 million silk horses... If Emperor Renzong had known about it, hearing this string of numbers was afraid that it would explode in situ.
Stone carvings of Yongzhao Tomb
Song Renzong was gentle and frugal all his life, he always considered things before himself, eating by the stones of the teeth not only did not get angry, but also did not let the people around him open, afraid of cooking people were punished; walking in the park with a dry mouth, but he endured until he returned to the palace to drink water, it was afraid that the tea-serving people would be scolded; at the banquet, when he heard that a clam asked for a thousand dollars, he immediately felt tasteless and did not eat.
The ministers of the Renzong Dynasty were estimated to be the most "arrogant" courtiers in history, and they often quarreled fiercely in the court, and the emperor was not the same; Lord Bao was very outspoken, spraying the emperor's face with saliva, and Renzong wiped it and continued to listen; Wang Gongchen did not spare, pulling on Renzong's sleeve to make him take back his life, and Renzong had to do it.
This is true for the palace people and the courtiers, and it is also true for the people. One night, Emperor Renzong heard the sound of song and dance in the distance, so he asked the palace maid: Where to make music? The palace maid said: It is a restaurant outside the palace, you see the folk are so happy, which is as cold as our palace. Renzong said: You must know that it is precisely because we are so snubbed that the people can be so happy; if we are happy, they will be snubbed.
The Shinto, Milk Terrace and Quetai of the Yongzhao Tombs
Ren can rule people, but it is not enough to do things.
During the reign of Emperor Renzong, the lineup of officials was full of stars, such as Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Wen Yanbo, Mei Yaochen, Lü Gongzhuo, Zhou Dunyi, Bao Zheng, Han Qi, Fu Bi, Di Qing, Yan Shu, Zeng Gong, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Rui... These are all names that we often see in textbooks.
However, Song Renzong, who had recruited so many talents, neither thought about the border problems left over from the previous dynasty, nor did he have the courage to change the deepening policy dilemma.
In 1038, Li Yuanhao of Western Xia wanted to be called emperor, Song Renzong sent soldiers to fight, did not fight, can only spend money for a nominal submission, the northern Liao state saw that this can be done, it also wanted to send troops to invade the south, Renzong still spent money to alleviate difficulties, and nearly doubled the old coins.
Speechless...
Yongzhao Ling Shihu
It is not possible to fight a war, but there are many soldiers; the efficiency of work is not high, but there are many officials; it is not necessary to spend money to buy peace, but there are many expenses to show the emperor's grace. Redundant soldiers, redundant officials, and redundant expenses have endangered the foundation of the country, and the war in the northwest finally made Song Renzong make up his mind to carry out reforms.
However, the determination was there, but the wrist was not hard enough, and the "New Deal for celebrating the calendar" presided over by Fan Zhongyan was implemented for less than a year and a half before it failed in the opposition's crusade.
General Of Yongzhao Ling Zhenling
Zhou Zhengfu, a Song dynasty man, said: Emperor Renzong will not do everything, but will only be an official.
This official of the Great Song Dynasty has not been able to make a great cause that can be enjoyed in his lifetime, and the folk circulation is a small story of his leniency and love, but this series of small stories has built a kind, respectable and credible image of the emperor, and won him wide support.
After Emperor Renzong's death, "the streets of the Capital City went on strike for several days, although beggars and children all burned paper money to cry before Ouchi", the water-drawing women in the mountains and countryside "also wore white paper and wept", even the old enemy Liaoguo mourned the whole country, and Liao Daozong Yelü Hongji even built a crown tomb for Song Renzong to mourn and worship.
Song Yingzong's Yonghou Mausoleum and Emperor Renzong's Yongzhao Mausoleum are only separated by one block, but compared with Yongzhao Tomb, the ruin of Yonghou Tomb is really surprising.
The cemetery is divided into many small pieces by deserted fields and crisscrossing dirt roads, and the pattern of the entire imperial tomb is already difficult to distinguish. We walked down a path and saw a sad-looking horse controller on the side of the road, who was holding his chest with his hands, very sad, as if to say: I am so difficult...
Yong Houling controlled the horse official
Emperor Yingzong of Song was the adopted son of Emperor Renzong of Song, and his ascension to the throne was really difficult and tortuous.
Emperor Renzong's biggest pain point in life was the problem of heirs, he ascended the throne at the age of 13, and by the age of 25 he still did not produce a son and a half daughter, which was an abnormal thing in ancient times, so that the ministers lost confidence in Renzong's fertility, and constantly wrote to let him adopt a child in the descendants of the clan and become the crown prince.
Emperor Renzong, enduring his temper and heeding his advice, led his three-year-old young son, Zhao Yun, the Prince of Pu, to the palace, where he was raised by Empress Cao and given the name Zhao Zongshi.
Two years later, Emperor Renzong's first son, Zhao Fang, was born, but Zhao Fang died on the day of birth. Two years later, the crown prince Zhao Xin was born, and Song Renzong sent the seven-year-old Zhao Zongshi back to the palace. Unexpectedly, Zhao Xin only lived for two years and died prematurely, and later gave birth to a crown prince Zhao Xi, poor Zhao Xi did not live past two years old, and after that, Song Renzong could no longer give birth to a son.
Yonghou Tomb stone carvings
In his later years, Emperor Renzong, knowing that he had no hope of having a son, forcibly took Zhao Zongshi back to the imperial palace at the repeated urging of his ministers, and officially established himself as the imperial heir and changed his name to Zhao Shu.
Coincidentally, Zhao Shu's biological father, Zhao Yunrang, had an almost similar experience.
At that time, Song Zhenzong's sons also died prematurely, and Zhenzong could not resist the joint performance of the ministers, so he took the 8-year-old Zhao Yunrang into the palace. Seven years later, Crown Prince Zhao Was Born, and Zhao Yun was helplessly out of the game and was sent out of the palace.
Zhao Benefit, that is, the later Song Renzong Zhao Zhen stubbornly survived, and Zhao Yunrang did not have the opportunity to enter the palace for the second time.
Yonghouling Shinto stone carving
The suppression of Song Yingzong's physical and mental health in recent decades was really not small, and he was mentally insane for a while after he ascended the throne. And when he woke up, the first thing he thought about was whether his deceased biological father was called Daddy or Uncle.
The korean and Chinese forces split into two factions, with the emperor and zai believing that it should be called Huang Kao (that is, father), while the empress dowager and the officials insisted that they should be called Huang Bo (Zhao Yunrang, the prince of Pu, was the cousin of Emperor Renzong of Song).
This incident was called "Pu Discussion" by historians.
The discussion lasted for 18 months, and when the quarrel was at its most stiff, the two factions were incompatible, and they expressed their attitude to the emperor one after another: there is him without me, and there is me without him. In the end, it is said that the emperor and the prime minister made a trap, so that Empress Cao vaguely signed the prepared hand edict, and the result was so determined, and the emperor won.
Hahahahaha!
Yonghou Linglu end
During the reign of Emperor Yingzong of Song, he knew people and was good at his duties, and reused the reformist officials of the Renzong period, which slightly alleviated the problem of "redundant officials and redundant expenses". He could have been a good emperor, but unfortunately he died of illness after only four years on the throne.
When Emperor Yingzong's eldest son, Emperor Shenzong of Song,000 [xū] succeeded to the throne, the bloated Song Empire was already on a downward spiral.
Military salaries, official salaries, and coins hollowed out the treasury; land annexation left the peasants displaced and the people revolted; the Western Xia and Liao states in the north spied on them; and the Vietnamese plunder and infestation in the south—this was the basic plan that Song Shenzong took over.
At this time, Zhao Yan had just turned 20 years old, which was the age of Fang Gang, he had enough energy and time, and he also had a strong willingness to solve the problems left to him by his ancestors.
You have to do something big!
Song Shenzong Yongyu Tomb walking lion
To solve the problem, we must reform the law, and when it comes to the change, Wang Anshi will appear in disgust.
Emperor Shenzong of Song had been a fan of Wang Anshi long before he became emperor, and after becoming emperor, he promoted Wang Anshi, who was idle at home, to the position of prime minister, and presided over the implementation of the new law.
Yongyu Tomb stone carvings and mausoleum platforms
In order to prevent the recurrence of the "yellow robe plus body", Song Taizu tried his best to avoid the subordinate forces from becoming larger, not only transferring local power to the central authorities, but also implementing the "one post and multiple officials" system, resulting in the skeleton of the bureaucracy being born very large.
The land of Yanyun fell, and the move to the capital Luoyang failed, and the imperial court had to raise a large number of troops to garrison the border and the Beijing division that had no danger to defend. In order to prevent the dictatorship of military generals, they also adopted the "more shu method" to make "soldiers impermanent and marshals impermanent", resulting in a large number of soldiers but not strong, and they could only rely on paying "old coins" to barely maintain peace.
All these accumulated drawbacks are deeply rooted, and they involve the whole body at once, and the difficulty of changing the law can be imagined.
Yongyu Ling Civil Military Attaché
Wang Anshi learned from the failed experience of the Qingli New Deal, avoided the problem of official governance, which was most likely to aggravate contradictions, and instead made a big fuss about the rich country and strong troops and the scientific expedition to obtain soldiers. But even so, the enactment of the new law is still full of resistance.
In order to forcefully push forward the new law, Wang Anshi shouted out the amazing slogan of "the sky is not enough to be afraid, the people are not enough to be compassionate, and the law of the ancestors is not enough to keep", and the enterprising Song Shenzong also exerted extreme pressure on the conservatives, and even launched a literal prison to throw Su Dongpo, who satirized the new law, into prison.
Yongyu Tomb walking lion
But the vigorous Xifeng Transformation Method failed after all.
The reformers are eager to succeed and cannot listen to any objections, so they cannot correct the defects exposed in the implementation of the new law, so that there are many abuses. Wang Anshi visited him twice and resigned twice, and Emperor Shenzong himself died in a state of deep frustration and endless struggle between the old and new parties.
As soon as Song Shenzong left, the party struggle did not easily brake the car.
In 1085, the nine-year-old Emperor Zhezong of Song succeeded to the throne, and Empress Dowager Gao came to the throne to listen to the government.
Empress Gao was a staunch conservative, and after she came to power, she quickly used Sima Guang and Lü Gongzhuo and other elders who opposed the change of law to completely abolish the new law, while constantly sending people to instill the young Zhao Xu with the idea that the new law was not good.
However, Empress Gao's strict discipline and forced guidance played the opposite role. The growing emperor had a grudge against the empress dowager and the old courtiers who regarded him as a decoration, so after he took power, he immediately deposed the "old party" in the dynasty and recalled the "new party" to inherit the legacy of Emperor Shenzong and re-introduce the new law.
Empress Gao's "Yuanyou Reformation" and Song Zhezong's "Shaosheng Shaoshu" were in the folk orders that made the people cry bitterly; in the court, it was a dark party struggle in which feng shui took turns.
What the hell do you want!
Song Zhezong Yongtailing Zhenling General
Beginning with Emperor Zhezong, the song dynasty's party struggle was almost out of control, and no one between the old and new parties was more intelligent than the other, and even the means of attacking each other were plagiarized.
The New Party created the "Wutai Poetry Case," and after the old Party came to power, it concocted a "Che Gaiting Poetry Case" that was more widely implicated; the Old Party made public a "list of traitors," and after the New Party regained power, it imitated the "Yuanyou Party Membership Monument" carved throughout the country. The controversy that originally revolved around changing the law has been completely reduced to a tool for revenge for personal gain.
Watch out for my little hammer.
Stone statues of Yongtai Tomb and elephant trainers
Song Zhezong was pro-government for seven years, and died unexpectedly at the age of 25. Like his father Song Shenzong, he was eager to use the change of law to sweep away the maladministration and reverse the situation of the country's weakness, but he was unpaid and died young.
Later generations polarized the evaluation of this father and son, some people said that they destroyed the political ecology of the Northern Song Dynasty court, connived at the party struggle to devour the government, and led the Song Dynasty to the abyss. Some people also say that they dare to challenge the old system, reform and strive to be strong, and can recover the old land of Hehuang, expand the land for more than 2,000 miles, and have a ZTE atmosphere.
Stone carvings of The Shinto in Yongtailing
Song Shenzong's Yongyu Mausoleum and Song Zhezong's Yongtai Mausoleum are not far apart, and the cemeteries of both imperial tombs have been transformed into lush wheat fields.
Between the fields, there was no loneliness, only the tomb keeper alone carried his hands back and forth on the field, and the lifelike stone statue looked at this paced person, thinking about all the right and wrong in this world.
For the protection of cultural relics, each imperial tomb is equipped with a full-time guardian who reports on the status of the mausoleum every two hours. As we were leaving, we heard the walkie-talkie shouting in the distance:
Yongyu Tomb is normal! Complete!
Yongtai Lingrui poultry horse head phoenix
After the death of Emperor Zhezong of Song, his younger brother Zhao Yao (Emperor Huizong of Song), who was "able to do everything but cannot be a king", ascended to the throne.
This frivolous artist was emperor for 25 years, defeating the family foundation of the Great Song Dynasty, and finally when the Jin soldiers came to the city, they hurriedly abdicated and pulled their son Zhao Huan (Song Qinzong) out of the pot.
The rest of the story can't bear to read.
On January 9, 1127 (the second year of Jing Kang), the city of Kaifeng was destroyed, and more than 100,000 people, including the second emperor of Hui Qin, as well as the royal family, harem concubines and officials, were taken into captivity to the north, and the Northern Song Dynasty fell.
Both Emperor Huizong of Song and Emperor Qinzong of Song died in a foreign land, and the remains of Emperor Huizong were later returned to the Southern Song Dynasty by the Jin Dynasty and buried by Emperor Gaozong of Song in the Southern Song Tombs district of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province.
Song Ling Stone Lion
Gongyi Song Tombs in the first year of Jing Kang had been tragically excavated by Jin soldiers, after the Jin people retreated to the north, the pseudo-Qi Emperor Liu Yu organized a large-scale "official theft", more than a hundred years later, the Yuan soldiers entered the Central Plains, the Song Tombs were once again looted, coupled with more than a thousand years of uninterrupted civil theft, the treasures in the mausoleum palace should have long been emptied.
Only the stone carvings that remain on the ground still maintain the face of the Song Dynasty, whether happy or sad, or worried or angry, as if they have already seen through the rise and fall of this dynasty.
General of Yongtailing Zhenling
There is no strong national defense force to guarantee externally, and internally it is always unable to promote profound changes, and the prosperous and grand scenery of the Song Dynasty will eventually be broken in the mirror.
The glorious and humiliating, the nostalgic and indignant history, all melted into this hard stone.
We walk on the Shinto path, stop and gaze, history is like light smoke slowly dissipating in time, and the vivid imprint of a dynasty is presented in the eyes.
The years are long, and the mountains and rivers are still the same; when they meet in ordinary lives, they only wish that the country and the people will be safe.