There have been three outbreaks of large-scale plague in human history.
Once, in the middle of the 6th century AD, it directly destroyed the heyday of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Once in 14th-century Europe, the "Black Death" was a sight to behold.
The last time, at the end of the 19th century, tens of millions of people in more than 60 countries, including Britain, France and Germany, died in the plague frenzy.
Many people are glad that there has been no outbreak of plague in China, but this is not the case, and there have been three outbreaks of plague in modern times on the mainland.
It was only when one hero stepped forward and stopped the spread of the plague in time, which controlled casualties to the greatest extent.
The hero's name was Woollend– the first person in the world to come up with the concept of "pneumonic plague."
Three plagues
Three outbreaks of plague in China occurred in the three eastern provinces of 1910, Inner Mongolia in 1917, and Hailar in 1920.
At the critical moment, Wu Liande stepped forward, which eliminated the crisis in the bud.
In November 1910, a sudden large-scale outbreak of plague broke out in the northeast region, and due to the lack of control experience, this plague spread directly from Manchuria all the way to Harbin and even to the three eastern provinces.
The people who learned the news were all panicked, and it was useless for the imperial court to send people to govern many times.
What makes people even more indignant is that Britain, France, Japan, Russia and other countries still want to use this plague to control the three eastern provinces of the mainland, so that the situation is very critical.
At this moment, Wu Liande, a famous doctor who had returned to China for three years, stood up and took his student Lin Jiarui to Harbin to help the people of Harbin defeat the plague.
However, when he arrived in Harbin, he found an absurd scene: everyone was catching rats in the street!
Originally, at that time, people thought that the culprit of the plague was rats, and as long as the rats were caught, the plague could be solved, but Wu Liande shook his head when he saw this scene.
In his opinion, there was a temperature of minus tens of degrees celsius in the northeast at that time, and rats could not have the energy to jump out and bite people everywhere, and there was probably another reason why those people were suffering from plague.
After secretly dissecting a corpse that died of plague infection, Woollender further corroborated this view.
Because he found that his lungs were infected, he made a preliminary speculation at the time: the spread of plague may be acute lung inflammation spread through droplets and breathing.
As soon as this conclusion came out, Wu Liande's illness aroused the ridicule of other foreign doctors in Harbin at the time, who in their view " did not understand anything at all.
In order to argue, Woollender's view is wrong, and the French doctor Menis even appeared to say it.
With his own assistant, without wearing protective measures, he directly interviewed several patients, ignoring Wu Liande's exhortation that "you must wear a mask".
Unsurprisingly, the French doctor Menis eventually contracted the plague and died just 9 days later, when no one dared to question Woollender's theory.
He carried out a clear and orderly treatment, and soon controlled the Harbin plague and created the "first" in the history of Chinese medicine.
He personally carried out the first pathological anatomy in the history of Chinese medicine, was the first in the world to propose the concept of "pneumonic plague", and let Chinese use masks (known as "Wu's masks") for the first time to prevent infectious diseases.
However, because the plague broke out so suddenly, the plague eventually killed more than 60,000 people.
With this lesson in the past, people also know how to deal with the plague and who to look for after the outbreak of the plague.
Therefore, when 1917 and 1920 were outbreaks, some people rushed to ask Wu Liande to come out to "save his life".
And Wu Liande never shirked, always alone in danger, fighting in the front line of the fight against the epidemic, under his efforts, the number of deaths due to the plague is getting smaller and smaller.
The plague outbreak of 1917 was controlled at 15,000 deaths, compared to less than 10,000 in 1920.
It can be seen that Wu Liande has summed up a perfect epidemic prevention system, so what is this system?
The key to fighting the plague
In fact, Wu Liande's prevention and control system in the face of plague is the "predecessor" of our epidemic prevention system today.
Many practices, presumably everyone is not unfamiliar, then we will summarize the 5 major points of his epidemic prevention system in view of Wu Liande's experience in the prevention and control of plague in Harbin.
First, wear masks to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
Because Wu Liande has been keenly aware that the spread of the epidemic is related to the air, he requires that people in the epidemic area must wear masks.
In particular, doctors are absolutely not allowed to come into contact with patients without wearing protective measures, which lays a prerequisite for controlling the epidemic.
Second, partition and isolation to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
At that time, Wu Liande controlled all the sick people and those who may be sick, established an epidemic area, and divided it into 4 parts.
People in each section wear different colored armbands, and everyone is not allowed to leave their own district, nor are they allowed to visit other places first.
If you must leave, you must submit your application in advance and return to quarantine alone.
At that time, even the military in the district had to strictly follow this regulation and was not allowed to move around casually.
This method of partitioning, although different from what we have today, is also similar.
Third, regular disinfection to prevent the continuation of the epidemic.
At that time, the epidemic area in Harbin was not small, but Wu Liande spared no effort, leading everyone to spray disinfectant potion one street and one street to prevent the outbreak of the epidemic.
And this way of regular disinfection, although it seems cumbersome and useless, is actually very important.
Fourth, burn corpses to block transmission routes.
There is no doubt that those who died of the plague carried the plague transmission factors, so what to do with the bodies of these people became a big problem.
Woollender believed that these bodies must be burned in a centralized manner, but the people at that time could not accept this, and even raised a large-scale protest for this.
Fortunately, in the end, the Qing court and local officials also supported it, and Wu Liande was able to complete this step.
Fifth, set up graded hospitals to prevent cross-infection.
Although plague is also affected, those with milder symptoms are different from those with more severe symptoms.
Putting them together and focusing on treatment is not only inefficient in treatment, but also has the possibility of cross-infection.
To this end, Wu Liande deliberately set up a graded hospital, putting the more severe symptoms together and the less severe symptoms together.
Those who have been in contact with patients but are not sick are placed in another piece, and then they are classified for treatment and observation.
It has to be said that this is very efficient, and it is also a big reason why Wu Liande was able to quickly control the Harbin plague.
With the help of Wu Liande's perfect plague control system, the mainland survived the three plagues safely, and did not suffer as much as the people of Europe because of the plague.
Here, the soldier of the state, Wu Liande, has made a great contribution.
But the question is, people's general understanding of the development of medicine in the Republic of China period is "relatively backward", so how to cultivate Wu Liande, who will step on the list of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Medicine in the future?
The legendary life of Woollender
Woollend was born in Malaysia in March 1879.
Although his ancestral home is in Xinning County, Guangzhou Province, Guangdong Province, because his father ran to Malaysia to open a gold shop and married a local overseas Chinese woman, Wu Liande left his hometown since he was a child and wandered outside.
Due to his extremely hard work in his studies, Woollend was able to get a good education in Malaysia.
At the age of 17, Woollend received the Queen's Scholarship and entered Emanus College, Cambridge University, England.
Because he almost died of a serious illness when he was young, he chose medicine when he applied for a major.
And he did achieve outstanding results on this road.
Not only did he win the Cambridge University Gold Medal many times, but after graduation, he was also admitted to emmanuel college of the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom for further study.
As the first Chinese intern of the academy, Wu Liande can be said to have a bright future.
After his further studies, he successively entered a number of well-known hospitals and learned valuable knowledge and experience from a number of medical experts.
In 1903, Wu Liande successfully obtained a doctorate from Cambridge University with an academic paper on tetanus.
Although his resume is very glorious and his ability is particularly outstanding, Woollend has not had a good time in Malaysia.
Because the racial discrimination in that place is still relatively serious, Wu Liande does not get the respect he deserves, which further stimulates his patriotism and national honor and disgrace.
Therefore, in 1907, after receiving an invitation from Yuan Shikai, he gladly agreed to return to China.
Eventually, he entered the Tianjin Army Medical Hall as a deputy supervisor, which was roughly equivalent to the vice president of the Medical University from the position.
You know, at that time, Wu Liande was only 28 years old, so it was naturally difficult to convince the public at such an age, and people's opinions on him were still relatively large.
But slowly, Woollander also reversed his reputation with his own ability and quality.
After the outbreak of the plague in 1910, Woollender's performance made people even more speechless, and the Black Death that once ravaged Europe could not set off a storm in front of Woollender's eyes.
What better proof of ability than that?
Because of his outstanding achievements in the treatment of plague, the 1935 Nobel Prize directly listed Woollender as a candidate for the Physiology or Medicine Prize.
To know that before him, no Chinese person has been able to enter the eyes of the Nobel Prize, which is a great honor for a medical person.
But Wu Liande himself was very calm about this, and even his daughter did not know about it.
It was only later that his daughter learned about it after the newspapers reported it, which shows how low-key Woollender is.
Not only that, Wu Liande's contribution to Chinese medicine and even world medicine is not limited to the plague region.
He founded several societies in China, lectured all over the world, and spread modern medical knowledge to all parts of the world.
In addition, Wu Liande has also opened a number of schools in China, which has made great contributions to cultivating outstanding young medical talents and is also a well-deserved pioneer in the cause of medical education.
Behind countless auras, Wu Liande is still a pure patriot.
He went out to study when he was young, learned some knowledge, made achievements, and then returned to the country and made immortal contributions to the country, which is a model for future generations to learn from.
In fact, in China, where patriotism is deeply rooted, how can such a model be wu Liande alone?
Heroes are immortal, and the heroes are unparalleled
After the fall of Peiping in 1937, a young boy named Deng Jiaxian clenched his fists and his eyes were tearful.
"In the future, you must study science, not literature, science is useful to the country."
With his father's advice, he was forced to leave and go to Southwest United University to continue his studies.
Deng Jiaxian studied hard and was admitted to the Physics Department of Southwest United University, and with excellent results, after graduating from the school, he was hired as a professor of physics at Peking University.
In the eyes of others, this is already a very great achievement, but in Deng Jiaxian's view, it is far from enough.
He knew that if he wanted to learn truly cutting-edge knowledge, he would have to leave his beloved homeland.
So in 1947, he passed the examination to study in the United States, and the following year set off for further study on the other side of the ocean.
Since then, Deng Jiaxian and Yang Zhenning have met in the United States to study together, and with a solid foundation and enthusiasm for learning, Deng Jiaxian has completed a three-year doctoral program in just over a year.
He was only 26 years old at this time, so many people called others "Dr. Doll".
However, Deng Jiaxian and Yang Zhenning took very different paths.
Yang Zhenning stayed in the United States and won the Nobel Prize, which is famous in the world.
But what about Deng Jiaxian? He returned to China alone and began to deepen his scientific career in China.
After experiencing the pain of the war years, Deng Jiaxian longed for a strong China, and in 1958, in order to achieve this goal, he went to the desert in anonymity for 28 years.
Even his wife didn't know where her husband was going or what he was going to do until 1986, when the secret was revealed.
It turned out that Deng Jia first went to study China's own atomic and hydrogen bombs.
After 28 years, Deng Jiaxian finally returned home.
But he has changed from a heroic young man to an old man with two white sideburns.
The years took away not only his youth, but also his health, because the working environment was too harsh and he developed cancer.
In this way, Deng Jiaxian spent the last 363 days of his life with his family, but even in these 300 days, his heart was still worried about his work and his motherland.
Just before his death, he left such a last word,
"Don't let others leave us too far!"
Studying atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, what did Deng Jiaxian get?
If you look at it from a material point of view, it is a prize of 20 yuan, an atomic bomb of 10 yuan, and a hydrogen bomb of 10 yuan, which seems to be not worth mentioning compared with the millions of prizes of various foreign awards.
But for Deng Jiaxian, this 20 yuan is more meaningful.
Because in a spiritual sense, making the motherland rich and strong is his life's goal, and this 20 yuan is the best reward for his life's efforts.
With a sense of "anger", Deng Jiaxian made great achievements, and how could this be just his struggle?
Countless Chinese people have given up their glory and wealth after going out to study, and have made unremitting efforts to return to China to make unremitting efforts for the prosperity and strength of the motherland, which has given rise to our strong And prosperous China today, and these people deserve admiration.
Whether it is Wu Liande or Deng Jiaxian, they have carved a glorious sentence with their own lives: I love my motherland, and I am willing to fight for it for the rest of my life.