◎ Science and Technology Daily reporter He Liang intern reporter Sun Mingyuan
On the morning of the 16th, the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft returned to the ground safely, and the return capsule landed upright, which was perfect. Such a landing posture is rare in China's manned spaceflight process, and so far it has flown 13 times, and only Shenzhou VI and Shenzhou XIII have achieved upright landing.
The key to the astronaut's personal operation is a "slash"
In the on-site interview, the technician told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that whether it can land upright requires the astronauts to personally operate the knife, "cut" the rope of the parachute at the critical moment, cut it well, it can stand upright, almost tilt, or will be dragged down by the parachute.
Because it is rare, the orderly landing of the God THIRTEEN return capsule makes people shine, and many people also question, how will the astronauts in the return capsule get out of the cabin?
"In fact, an upright landing is the ideal landing state, so that astronauts are least impacted." Pang Zhihao, chief scientific communication expert of national space exploration technology, said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the vertical height of the return capsule reaches 2.5 meters, and the advantage of horizontal landing is that it is more convenient for astronauts to go out of the capsule autonomously, and vertical landing requires rescue team members to use special outgoing auxiliary equipment. The "slide" that appears in the live broadcast is a device dedicated to upright landing.
The non-blackness of the return capsule may be related to ablation of new materials and return paths
After the return capsule enters the atmosphere, it has violent friction with the air, and the local temperature on the surface of the capsule can reach thousands of degrees Celsius. In order to ensure that the temperature in the cabin is still comfortable, the researchers have designed a heat-proof coating on the surface of the cabin, and a layer of ablative material is applied, and when the temperature reaches a certain level, the ablation material sublimates and falls off, taking away a lot of heat.
Pang Zhihao said that the shen thirteenth return capsule is not as black as the previous manned space mission return capsule after landing, it is likely that the ablation material has been improved, "the burning of the return module may be related to these new materials." At the same time, in order to ensure the astronauts' stay in space for up to half a year, the use of new materials will make Shen Thirteen improve in radiation protection and heat loss.
In addition, for the first time, the Shenzhou 13 manned spacecraft implemented rapid return, compressing the time required for return from the previous 11 flight circles to 5 flight circles. Pang Zhihao said that the burning of the return capsule is also related to the path choice of God Thirteen. In the whole return process, the faster the return capsule descends, the higher the temperature generated, if it has a certain lift return, it can not only reduce the overload feeling of the astronauts, but also reduce the temperature of the return capsule.
A six-month "business trip" means a longer recovery period
After 6 months of space travel, the three astronauts of the Shen Thirteen multiplier set a new space residency time record in the history of Chinese spaceflight.
They are exposed to radiation in space much higher than earth, and the longer they stay, the greater the amount of radiation, and the risks they face include radiation-induced diseases and changes in the central nervous system. Moreover, being in a closed, space-like or weightless environment for a long time can also have an impact on the human body.
The Time of the Divine Twelve-Fold Group's "business trip" in space is three months, and after returning to Earth, it takes about half a year to recover from normal life, work and training. Pang Zhihao said that the Thirteen Multipliers performed the task for half a year, which meant a longer recovery period.
After the astronauts land, it is very important to do a good job in various protective measures. The restoration of the astronaut's physical state needs to adhere to the principle of "step by step", the state and recovery process should be tracked for a long time, and according to the experience of God XII, the whole, dynamic tracking, maintenance and observation work should be at least one year.
Source: Science and Technology Daily
Editor: Zhang Qiqi
Review: Yue Liang
Final Judge: He Yi