Author: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Ionizing radiation, a ray with a specific wavelength, has enough energy to cause DNA damage and induce cancer.
Ionizing radiation includes radon, X-rays, gamma rays, and other forms of high-energy radiation.
Low-energy radiation, all kinds of non-ionizing radiation, such as visible light, and energy from cell phones and electromagnetic fields, does not damage DNA and does not cause cancer.
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1. Radon
Radon is a radioactive gas released by rocks and soil. Radon is produced when the radioactive element radium decomposes, and when the radioactive elements uranium and thorium decompose, radium is formed.
People exposed to high concentrations of radon have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than the general population.
If you live in an area with high levels of radon in rocks and soil, you need to test your daily environment for the presence of this gas.
Home radon detection is very convenient, but also relatively cheap, if the content exceeds the standard, you can consult professionals, there are many ways to reduce the radon content in the home.
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2. X-rays and other radiation sources
High-energy radiation, such as X-rays, gamma rays (γ rays), alpha particles (α particles), beta particles (β particles), and neutrons, can damage DNA and lead to cancer.
This radiation can be released in nuclear power plant accidents, as well as when nuclear weapons are manufactured, tested or used.
Certain medical procedures, such as chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT), positron emission computed tomography (PET), and radiation therapy can also cause dna damage within cells, leading to cancer.
However, the carcinogenic risk of these medical technologies is very small, and the clinical benefits of using them far outweigh their carcinogenic risks.
If you think you may be exposed to radiation and are at risk of cancer, consult a professional doctor.
People considering a CT scan should consult with their doctor whether a CT scan is necessary, as well as its risks and benefits.
Cancer patients can consult a professional doctor whether radiation therapy increases the risk of secondary tumors.
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bibliography:
[1] National Cancer Institute（NCI）.Radiation[DB/OL].https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation,2015-04-29/2018-07-16.
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