In 1856, the British merchant Durand laid a railway of about 500 meters outside the Xuanwu Gate in Beijing, the earliest railway in China.
In 1876, the British built a railway in Shanghai, which is a narrow gauge light railway from Shanghai Zhabei to Wusongkou, 14.5 kilometers long, in 1897, the road was rebuilt, opened on September 1, 1898, with a total length of 16 kilometers, with Baoshan Road, Tiantong'an Road, Jiangwan, Sanmin Road (Sanmen Road), Gaojing Temple, HeJiawan, Xuanzaobang, Wusong, Paotai 9 stations, this railway is called "Wusong Railway", which is the first railway in China.
In 1881, the Tangshan Kaiping Mining Bureau in Hebei Province built the "Tangxu Railway" from Tangshan to Xugezhuang in order to transport coal, which was the first standard rail freight railway built by China itself. In 1885, it began to extend more than 30 kilometers from Xu Gezhuang to Yanzhuang near Lutaizhuang, called the "Tanglu Railway". This railway was beneficial to the coal transportation of the Kaiping (Kailuan) coal mine at that time. In 1886, it was extended by more than 80 kilometers to Tianjin, also known as the "Jingu Railway". The railway is 9.7 kilometers long and was later extended to Tianjin and is called the "Tangjin Railway".
Old tickets
In 1890, it was extended from Tangshan to Shanhaiguan, known as the "Guanxi Inner and Outer Railway".
Republic of China ticket
Tangxu railway ticket
Jingtang Railway Ticket
Huainan Railway Ticket
In 1887, Taiwan Province built a railway from Taipei to Keelung, with a length of 28.6 kilometers.
In 1895, France built the "Yunnan-Vietnam Railway" from Kunming in Yunnan Province to the mouth of the border city, and it was completed and opened to traffic in 1910.
In 1889, the Qing government established the China Railway Corporation, borrowed money from the Belgian Silver Company to build the "Luhan Railway" from Beijing Lugou Bridge to Hankou, and in 1901 it was built from Lugou Bridge to Beijing Qianmen.
Beijing-Shanghai railway ticket
In 1898, the "Middle East Railway" from Manzhouli to Suifenhe was more than 1480 kilometers long; from Harbin to Dalian via Changchun was a branch line of the Middle East Railway, called the "South Manchuria Railway", with a total length of more than 940 kilometers. The two railways were built according to Russian railway standards and used a wide gauge of 1524 mm, which is the earliest railway in northeast China.
In 1898, the Qing government borrowed money from the British HSBC Bank to build the Guanwai Railway, which is now the Shenyang-Shanhaiguan Railway. In the same year, the Qing government borrowed money from the American Hop Hing Company to build the "Cantonese-Han Railway" from Wuchang to Guangzhou.
The Shendan Railway, built in 1904, was originally called the "Anfeng Railway". From Shenyang City (i.e. Fengtian City) in the west to Dandong City (i.e. Andong City) in the east, also known as the "Shendan Railway", with a total length of 261 kilometers, the Yalu River Bridge from Andong to Sinuiju, North Korea was built in 1911. In order to transport military supplies, Japanese imperialism plundered the main transportation lines of the resources of the northeast, and the rich minerals, forest resources and agricultural products in the northeast continued to flow into Japan.
South Manchuria Railway Ticket
Middle East Rail Ticket
In 1904, after Germany forcibly occupied Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong, it built the "Jiaoji Railway" from Jinan to Qingdao.
In 1906, the "Beijing-Hankou Railway" was opened to traffic on the entire line from Beijing to Hankou.
The railway from Kaifeng to Luoyang, known as the "Biluo Railway", was built in 1903 as a branch line of the Luhan Railway and was completed in 1909.
In 1904, the Guangsan branch line from Guangzhou to Sanshui was completed.
Beijing-Guangzhou railway ticket
In 1908, the Qing government borrowed money from the British Silver Company to build the "Suzhou-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway".
In 1908, the Shanghai-Nanjing railway was built, and the railway terminus was changed from Zhenjiang to Pukou on the other side of Nanjing, which was renamed "Jinpu Railway" and completed in 1912.
In 1908, the Songhu Railway was rebuilt as a branch line. Shanghai to Ningbo railway via Hangzhou, respectively, to build Shanghai to Fengjing and Fengjing to Hangzhou section.
In 1898, the Qing government borrowed money from the Hua-Russian Daosheng Bank to build the railway from Liulinbao to Taiyuan, known as the "Zhengtai Railway", which was completed in 1907.
In 1911, the section from Changsha to Zhuzhou was completed.
In 1918, the section from Wuchang to Changsha was completed.
In 1916, the section from Guangzhou to Shaoguan was completed.
In the 15 years from 1907 to 1921, the jiujiang-Nanchang, Qiqihar-Hongqiying, Doosan-Beijie, Guangdong-Chaozhou-Shantou, Yunnan-Gujiu-Bisezhai and Fujian-Zhangzhou-Xiamen railways were built.
Beijing Qianmen Railway Station ticket
In 1909, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was decided by the Qing government to use official funds to build the "Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway". Under the auspices of Zhan Tianyou, this railway took four years to build, with a total length of 201 kilometers, and was the first railway built by the mainland with its own technical strength. Between 1912 and 1923, it was built to Guisui (present-day Hohhot) and became known as the "Jingsui Railway".
In 1913, Japan obtained from the government of the Republic of China the privilege of building five railways between Manchuria and Mongolia, namely the borrowing rights of the three railways from Siping to Taonan, Kaiyuan to Haicheng, Changchun to Taonan and the priority of borrowing from Taocheng and Jihai.
Pseudo-full tickets
After the end of World War I in 1918, Japan began to invade the entire northeast region of China and forcibly occupied the Northeast Railway. Among them, the counties that have the right to borrow money are: Jichang, Sitao, Taoang, Jidun and other counties; those that belong to the county of Shenhai, Huhai, Jihai, Qike, Taosuo, and Shenshan that belong to the entrusted construction and operation are Duntu, Laha, Qinhai and other counties.
In 1935, the Soviet Union ceded the Middle East Railway to the puppet Manchu regime.
From 1921 to 1930, the local government of northeast China built the Shenhai, Huhai, Jihai, Qike, Taosuo and other lines and the Chase branch line with local funds.
Republic of China Guangdong-Han Railway, Beijing-Kowloon Railway tickets
In 1912, the Chinese government signed a loan contract with Belgium for the Longqin-Yuhai Railway, extending the built Biluo Railway to the east to Haizhou and west to Lanzhou, becoming a railway trunk line that runs through the east and west, called the "Longhai Railway".
Since 1921, the Netherlands and Belgium have been responsible for the construction of the eastern and western sections. The eastern section of the railway and the Port of Lianyungang were built by the Dutch company and connected to Haizhou in 1925; the western section was connected to Xi'an in 1934 and to Baoji in 1936.
In 1932, the local government of Shanxi Province began to build the north-south "Tongpu Railway" from Datong to Fenglingdu.
The Zhuzhou-Shaoguan section of the Guangdong-Hankou Railway, built by China in 1929, was arduous and was completed in 1936. Since then, the Cantonese-Hankou Railway from Wuchang to Guangzhou has been opened to traffic and connected with the Guangzhou-Kowloon Line.
In 1930, the local government of Zhejiang Province began to build the Hangzhou-Jiangshan Railway, which was completed in 1933 and completed the Jinhua-Lanxi branch line. Later, it extended westward to Jiangxi Province, known as the "Zhejiang-Gansu Railway", which was connected to Nanchang in 1936 and to Pingxiang in 1937, connecting with the Zhuping Railway.
In 1932, the Chinese government decided to build the Wuhu-Sunjiabu railway, and later built the Wuhu-Nanjing section, and the entire line was completed and opened to traffic in 1935.
In 1959, Shenyang to Tangshan ticket
1949 ticket
In 1934, in order to transport the coal produced by the Huainan Coal Mine to the Yangtze River, the Chinese government decided to build a railway from Tianjia'an to Yuxikou, called the "Huainan Railway", which was completed and opened to traffic in 1935.
In 1936, the Xiaoshan to Cao'e River section of the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway was built, and the Cao'e River Bridge was built at the same time, which was completed in November 1937.
In 1933, the local government of Zhejiang Province allocated funds to build the Qiantang River Bridge to communicate the traffic on both sides of the Qiantang River, which was located at the Hangzhou Gate, which was a dual-purpose bridge for highways and railways. Construction began in 1935 and was completed in September 1937. At this point, the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Railway from Shanghai to Ningbo was opened to traffic.
In 1936, the construction of the "Chengdu-Chongqing Railway" from Chongqing to Chengdu began, and only part of the subgrade project and individual tunnels and piers were completed.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945, the railways built by the Chinese government mainly included the Xianggui Railway, the Yunnan-Burma Railway, the Xukun-Kunming Railway, the Xiangqian Railway and the Baoji-Tianshui Section of the Longhai Railway. The Xianggui Railway was originally planned to start from Hengyang and pass through Guilin, Liuzhou, and Nanning to Youyiguan (then known as Zhennanguan). The Henggui section was opened to traffic in October 1937 and reached Liuzhou in December 1939.
In 1940, the Yunnan-Burma Railway from Kunming to Anning was a railway from Kunming to the China-Myanmar border, and the Syrian-Kunming Railway was a railway from Kunming to Syria. The Xiangqian Railway is a standard gauge railway from Liuzhou to Guiyang, the line crosses the Yunnan-Guizhou Mountains, the project is arduous, construction began in 1939, and in 1944, the section from Liuzhou to Duyun was completed and opened to traffic. The Baoji to Tianshui section of the Longhai Railway began construction in 1939 and was completed and opened to traffic in 1945. In 1941, the Xiantong branch line from Xianyang to Tongguan Coal Mine was built.
From 1937 to 1945, in North China, there were Beijing-Gubeikou Railway, Shijiazhuang-Dezhou Railway, Xinxiang-Kaifeng Railway, Dongguan-Lu'an Railway, etc., with a total length of 608 kilometers; in the northeast region, there were Tujia, Labin, Changbai and other lines, with a total length of 4752 kilometers; in Hainan Island, there were Yulin Port to Beili Railway and Basuo-Shilu Railway with a total length of 254 kilometers.
From 1907 to 1947, Taiwan Province successively built the Taipei-Tamsui and Hsinchu-Changhua railways, with a total length of 645 kilometers, and the Keelung-Taipei multiple line was 109 kilometers.
In the 70 years from the construction of the first railway in 1876 to 1945, Chinese mainland had a total of 25,523 kilometers of railways. By 1949 there were 21,989 km of railways that could be opened.
1955 Shanghai to Xi'an ticket
Republic of China Beijing-Shanghai railway ticket
Train tickets for republic of China
The New China Period In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded, and since then China has had a coordinated planning and unified standard for railway construction. In 1949, with the advance of the Liberation War from north to south, the railways damaged by the war, such as Beijing-Bao, Longhai, Beijing-Han, Nantongpu, Zhejiang, Nanxun and Guangdong-Han, were repaired and opened to traffic, and transport business was carried out.
A total of 38 Shinkansens and 67 new feeder lines were built in the 32 years from 1949 to 1981. Construction of double lines, expansion of hub marshalling stations, improvement of line and track structures, and construction of electrified railways. Significant achievements have been made in the development of the manufacturing of steam, internal combustion, electric locomotives and vehicles.
During the first five-year plan period from 1953 to 1957, the shinkansens built successively included: Chengdu to Chongqing, Tianshui to Lanzhou, Laibin to Pingxiang, Fengtai to Shacheng, Jining to Erenhot, Lancun to Yantai, Litang to Zhanjiang, Baoji to Chengdu, and Yingtan to Xiamen, and pingdingshan and Xihu lines were built during the period.
Fifties ticket
During the second five-year plan period from 1958 to 1962, the Shinkansen was built successively: Xiaoshan to Chuanshan, Baotou to Lanzhou, Nanping to Fuzhou, Beijing to Chengde, Lanzhou to Xining and other railways, and rebuilt the Liuzhou to Guiyang railway. And built the Tieling, Faku, Daughter River, Fengcheng, Luoyi, Baobai, Xinmi and other lines; at the same time, there are Taifei, Hella, Xiangle, Boxin, Beihei and other lines.
During the three-year adjustment period from 1963 to 1965, the Shinkansen was built successively: Lanzhou to Urumqi, Guiyang to Chongqing and other railways.
The Shinkansen built during the third five-year plan period from 1966 to 1970 included: Guiyang to Kunming, Tongliao to Ranghulu, Chengdu to Kunming and other railways.
The Shinkansen built during the fourth five-year plan period from 1971 to 1975 included: Beijing to Yuanping, Jiaozuo to Zhicheng, Tongxian to Guye, Zhuzhou to Guiyang and other railways.
During the fifth five-year plan period from 1976 to 1980, the Shinkansen was built: Yangpingguan to Ankang, Taiyuan to Jiaozuo and other railways. In 1981, the Beijing-Tongliao, Xiangfan-Chongqing railways were built, and the Zhicheng-Liuzhou and Wuhu-Guixi railways were also completed. At the same time, there are Jishu, Loushao, Tanglin line Yiwu section, Yalin, Fujia, Jingtieshan, Jilantai, Kaiyang, Wutong, Ninghe, Red Society, Dongchuan, Rujigou, Guocha, Zhangkan, Hangchang, Licha, Panxi, Changlin, Wanbai, Yanbai, Nenlin, Yiju and other lines; in 1981, the Fuhuai and other lines were built.