Chairman Mao and Mao Anying
At about 11:00 a.m. on November 25, 1950, enemy aircraft attacked the headquarters of the Korean Volunteer Army in Dayudong, and Mao An was heroically sacrificed at the age of 28. In the afternoon of the same day, Peng Dehuai reported the bad news to the Central Military Commission in the air raid shelter. In just over a hundred words of telegram, Peng Dehuai wrote it for more than an hour.
The top-secret cable, which was finally made public in 2020, reads the following:
"The Central Military Commission and Gao (Gang) and He (Jinnian): We have entered the air raid shelter at 7 o'clock today, and Mao Anying is in the house with three staff officers. At 11 o'clock, when the enemy planes passed by, 4 of them had already come out. After the enemy planes passed, the 4 of them returned to the house, and suddenly 4 enemy planes came, dropped nearly 100 incendiary bombs, and hit the house, at that time, two staff officers ran out, Mao Anying and Gao Ruixin did not run out in time and were burned to death, and there were no other losses. Shiji 5: 16:00"
When Mao Anying was killed, on the eve of the second campaign, the Volunteer Command temporarily buried him on a nearby hillside to await the end of the war. But no one expected that Mao Anying would eventually be buried in North Korea. So, why didn't Mao Anying return to China for burial?
There are three main theories about Mao Anying's eventual burial in Korea: First, after Mao Anying's sacrifice, he was in the crucial period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and no one mentioned it, so he did not mention it; second, Kim Il-sung sent a telegram to Chairman Mao, hoping to agree to bury Mao Anying in Korea, so as to show that the friendship between China and the DPRK was coagulated with blood; third, Peng Dehuai proposed to bury Mao Anying in Korea, and Chairman Mao gave his consent.
Peng Dehuai's top-secret telegram
There is no doubt that the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea has performed a heroic song that can be sung and wept, forged a great spirit of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and transported the remains of the martyrs of the Volunteer Army back to China for burial. In fact, as early as August 1951, the Political Department of the former Northeast Military Region built the Shenyang Martyrs' Cemetery for Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea.
This is a well-known volunteer martyrs' cemetery in China, which houses Yang Gensi and Huang Jiguang, special combat heroes of the Volunteer Army, Qiu Shaoyun, Sun Zhanyuan, Yang Liandi and 123 heroes at all levels. However, the remains of the volunteer martyrs who have been transported back to China are also buried here.
At the time of his death, Mao Anying was a Russian translator and confidential secretary of the Volunteer Army Headquarters, and in his capacity he could be buried in the Martyrs' Cemetery of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea in Shenyang. Judging from the current declassified data, the reason why Mao Anying was buried in North Korea has a lot to do with a handwritten letter from Peng Dehuai.
On the evening of December 24, 1954, Yongfu Hall in Zhongnanhai was brightly lit. Peng Dehuai sat at his desk, which was already vice premier and minister of national defense, and on the table was a telegram sent by the General Cadre Department of the Central Military Commission. Peng Dehuai watched it over and over again, then stood up and paced back and forth in the office.
The contents of the telegram were drafted by the General Cadre Department of the Central Military Commission, and only after Peng Dehuai gave instructions, they were immediately sent to the headquarters of the Chinese Volunteer Army in Korea. It turned out that a few days ago, the headquarters of the Volunteer Army sent a report to the Central Military Commission on the burial of the martyr Mao Anying. The General Cadre Department of the Central Military Commission immediately drafted a reply telegram requesting that Mao An be transported back to China for burial.
Chairman Mao and Peng Dehuai
This was taken for granted, and there was nothing special about it. However, Peng Dehuai had his own considerations, and at that moment he remembered what Chairman Mao had said to him 3 years ago. On February 21, 1951, Peng Dehuai returned to Beijing to report to Chairman Mao. As soon as the plane landed, Peng Dehuai did not care to rest and drove directly to Zhongnanhai.
Without thinking that Chairman Mao was in the Jingming Garden of Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs, Peng Dehuai turned back there. At 1 p.m., Peng Dehuai arrived at jingmingyuan, but was blocked by the guards: "General Manager Peng, the chairman is resting, you still go to dinner first, wait for the chairman to get up and talk." "Peng Dehuai has an important situation report, which can wait so long, directly push the door in."
Chairman Mao was awakened, and while dressing, he smiled at Peng Dehuai and said, "I think only your old Peng will break in and give advice while people are sleeping." Knowing that Peng Dehuai had not eaten lunch, Chairman Mao immediately demanded that he must go to dinner, otherwise he would not talk about anything of great importance.
After a few hasty bites of food in the canteen, Peng Dehuai returned to report to Chairman Mao on the situation in Korea and the various difficulties faced by the volunteer army. Chairman Mao listened very carefully and finally said to Peng Dehuai: "Judging from the current situation, the central authorities still do not know much about the situation of the volunteer army on the front line of the Korean battlefield. This war can be won quickly, cannot be won quickly, cannot be won quickly, and cannot be rushed to success. Your opinion is correct, war towards long-term preparations, try to fight for the short term. ”
Chairman Mao's remarks were very timely, giving Peng Dehuai a lot of room for the camera to dispose of. Toward the end of the report, Peng Dehuai's words turned sharply, and he said in a rather self-condemning tone: "Chairman, after you let Kishi Young follow me to the Korean front, he worked very actively... I and my comrades at Shiji (i.e., the Volunteer Command) are still very sad. ”
Peng Dehuai was voting
Chairman Mao stood up and walked to the window, which was already dark. After a while, Chairman Mao said, "Old Peng, if you engage in revolution, you will always have to die. Kishi Ying is just an ordinary soldier, he sacrificed his young life, this fulfills the responsibility of a Communist Party member, can not because he is my son, should not be sacrificed for the common cause of the people of China and north Korea, where in the world is there such a road? Which warrior is not flesh and blood, not born of his parents? ”
Suddenly, Chairman Mao softly chanted "The Endowment of Dead Trees": "In the past, the willows were moved, and they were in Hannan, but now they look shaken and fallen, and they are miserable in the river." The tree is like this, how can people be ashamed! Peng Dehuai listened silently, and finally burst into tears, he knew very well what a blow Mao Anying's sacrifice was for Chairman Mao.
When Peng Dehuai was preparing to leave, Chairman Mao once again instructed him: "At present, the United States is using about a thousand aircraft of various kinds on the Korean battlefield, and you must not be careless and take all measures to ensure the safety of the command." "During the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, tens of thousands of volunteer soldiers died in Korea, and many martyrs had nowhere to find their remains, and they could no longer return to their hometowns.
Peng Dehuai was very sad, and now someone proposed to return Mao An to China for burial, but he had a different opinion. In Peng Dehuai's heart, Mao Anying should be buried in Korea, "Didn't Chairman Mao personally say that Kishi-young was an ordinary soldier in the volunteer army?" Moreover, as a symbol of the friendship forged by the blood of the Chinese and DPRK people, as the embodiment of Chairman Mao himself and the spirit of Chinese internationalism, Mao Anying should also be buried in Korea. ”
Peng Dehuai and Premier Zhou
Thinking of this layer, Peng Dehuai wrote a handwritten letter to Premier Zhou:
Premier: Yesterday, on the twenty-fourth day, Comrade Lai Chuanzhu drafted a telegram to transport the bones of Comrade Mao Anying back to Beijing, and I intend to bury it in Korea and publish a monument in the name of Zhisi or the commander of the volunteer army, explaining his voluntary participation in the army and his sacrifice, worthy of Mao Zedong's son, and buried it together with Gao Ruixin, another staff officer who died at the same time. The educational significance of this is very good, and the families of other martyrs have no objections, and the original telegram has been sent to you, and the above opinions have not been written. Special supplementary notice, please consider whether it is appropriate or not.
Salute Peng Dehuai December 25
After receiving this letter, Premier Zhou believed that Peng Dehuai's proposal was correct, so he issued instructions to "agree with Peng's opinion and ask the General Cadre Department to prepare another telegram." Immediately afterward, Premier Zhou asked the secretary to forward the letter to Chairman Mao for instructions. We do not know how Chairman Mao felt when he saw this letter, but we know a little bit from the recollections of the relevant personnel.
On that day, Chairman Mao's secretary walked into the Juxiang Bookstore with this letter and whispered: "Chairman, the General Cadre Department sent a telegram to President Peng, saying that Comrade Mao Anying was the chairman's son and requested that his remains be transported back to the motherland for burial. Proceeding from the overall situation of China and the DPRK, President Peng believes that it is inappropriate to do so, and this is his report to Premier Zhou, who asks you for your approval. ”
Chairman Mao
Just as Chairman Mao was reading the letter, the secretary added: "Prime Minister Kim Il Sung sent a telegram, and he expressed his condolences to the Chairman, and he also said that Comrade Mao Anying had died for the cause of liberation of the Korean people and was also the son of the Korean people, and they hoped to be buried in Korea." Chairman Mao said: "Old Peng is right, we can't give a special case to Shore Ying because I am the chairman of the party and the state." ”
After speaking, Chairman Mao drew a pencil from the large pen holder of his desk and wrote on the letter: "Agree with Comrade Dehuai's opinion, bury the bones of Kishi Ying on Korean soil like thousands of volunteer martyrs, and do not hold a special funeral for him." ”
Chairman Mao was a great leader, a great Marxist materialist, and even more an ordinary father. Chairman Mao advocated being with Qingshan all his life, and as early as the eve of leaving Shaoshan to rush out to study in the autumn of 1910, he rewrote a poem and put it in the daily must-read account book of his father Mao Yichang, entitled "Presenting Father":
"The child is determined to go out of the country, and he will not pay back if he does not become famous." Buried bones why mulberry land, life is everywhere green mountains. ”
Later, daughter-in-law Liu Siqi proposed to "welcome Shore Ying home", but Chairman Mao again politely refused. Seeing that Liu Siqi was in tears, Chairman Mao quoted the words in the Book of later Han and the Biography of Ma Yuan to persuade his daughter-in-law, "Fang Jin Xiongnu and Wuhuan are still disturbing the north and want to attack them." If a boy dies in the wilderness, and buries his ears with a body wrapped in Horse Leather, how can he lie on the bed and commit evil at the hands of a child and a woman? ”
Chairman Mao's father, Mao Yichang
Yes, Qingshan buried loyal bones everywhere, why should Ma Ge wrap the body back! Later, when Chairman Mao met with Mao Anying's former friend and Soviet ambassador to China, Eugene, he again mentioned why he did not agree to transport Mao Anying back to China for burial, saying: "Wherever we Communists die, we will be buried ... My son Kishi Young also died in North Korea, and someone said to have brought his body back. I said, no, where you die, you can bury it. ”
However, there was a small episode when Mao Anying was buried. In 1954, construction began on a hillside northwest of Hinokura County, South Pyongan Province, in North Korea. With the construction of the cemetery, there were volunteer martyrs who were buried here, and Mao Anying was also buried here from Dayu Cave.
Mao Anying was buried after the Qingming Festival in 1955, and his cemetery is no different from other martyrs' cemeteries, and a three-foot-high stone stele was erected in front of the tomb. The front of the tombstone is engraved with the inscription "Tomb of Comrade Mao Anying" inscribed by Guo Moruo, and on the back of the tombstone is an inscription written by the Chinese People's Association for Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea.
This inscription was quickly transmitted back to China, and Premier Zhou personally sent it to the Juxiang Bookstore for Instructions after receiving it. Premier Zhou read out the inscription word by word:
"Comrade Mao Anying was originally from Shaoshanchong, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province, and was the eldest son of Comrade Mao Zedong, the leader of the Chinese people. In 1950, he resolutely requested to join the Chinese Volunteer Army, and died heroically in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea on November 25, 1950. Comrade Mao Anying's spirit of patriotism and internationalism will forever educate and inspire the younger generation. The martyr Mao Anying is immortal! Chinese Minmin Association for Resisting US Aggression and Aiding Korea In April 1955"
Chairman Mao listened silently, tears in his eyes, but they did not flow out. Chairman Mao told Premier Zhou that this inscription is very good, but there is only a little regret, the inscription only has his name, not the name of Mao Anying's mother, Yang Kaihui. Premier Zhou said that this matter is easy to remedy and can be re-engraved.
Mao Anying Cemetery
Chairman Mao stopped him, but he said, "Kishi Ying is the son of Chairman Mao, and he cannot be special." There are so many martyrs' inscriptions to be carved in that martyrs' cemetery, so don't bother anymore, no one is there. In this way, Mao Anying's inscription was less engraved with the name of his mother Yang Kaihui, which is a pity.
In fact, Chairman Mao's regrets do not stop there. Six of Chairman Mao's relatives became martyrs, and even the dearest wife, Yang Kaihui, was sacrificed. In June 1957, Chairman Mao received his nanny Chen Yuying in Beijing. The two met again after 30 years, and they were full of emotions.
Chen Yuying described to Chairman Mao the circumstances of Yang Kaihui's arrest and murder, and Chairman Mao said with great sadness: "Kaihui was very active in supporting me in the armed struggle at that time, and the Yang family also favored me greatly. Kaihui's sacrifice was heroic, and he was still with Kishi Ying by his side at that time. Seeing you now, I am like seeing Kaihui, you are my family, I hope you will often come to Beijing in the future, come to see me. ”
Yang Kaihui was gone, but Chairman Mao did not neglect his family ties with the Yang family, and has been using his own writing fee to help his mother-in-law, Mrs. Yang. On November 15, 1962, Mrs. Yang died of illness in her hometown. On the same day, Chairman Mao sent a telegram of condolences to Yang Kaizhi:
"I was shocked to learn that Mrs. Yang had passed away, and I was very sad. I wish you and your lady a day of mourning. Send five hundred dollars for a memorial service. The funeral can be shared with Comrade Yang Kaihui and my dear wife. We are two families in the same family, one family, regardless of each other. I hope you mourn and change. ”
A relic of Mao Anying
After Mao Anying's sacrifice, Chairman Mao kept his daughter-in-law secret and endured the pain of losing his son alone. Liu Siqi did not learn the bad news until 1953, when her cries alarmed many people and Chairman Mao kept comforting her. Since then, Chairman Mao has treated Liu Siqi as his own daughter and cared about her life and study.
In 1990, the Security Bureau of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee comprehensively cleaned up the relics left by Chairman Mao during his lifetime. During this time, the staff accidentally found a small cabinet and opened it to see that it contained Mao Anying's relics: two cotton shirts, a blue military hat, a pair of gray sand socks, and a towel.
These clothes were all used, but Chairman Mao folded them neatly. After Mao Anying's sacrifice, Chairman Mao's residence changed to many places, and how did he treasure his son's relics without anyone, this treasure is 26 years. In countless quiet moments of the night, did Chairman Mao, like an old father who had lost his child, take out these clothes and fold them and fold them and gently stroke them?
Are these clothes also soaked in the tears of an old father? We don't know, and we may never know. I would like to pay tribute to the martyr Mao Anying with this article!