◎ Reporter Liu Xiaohui
The predecessor of Jizhong Energy Group Jing mining group is Jingxin Mining District, which has a long history of coal mining, dating back to the Song Dynasty. Modern mining began during the Western Movement. The mining area is surrounded by mountains, and the area is full of Ugin and derricks, which is known as the "best coalfield in the north". It is the first mine of the liberation of New China, the birthplace of Shijiazhuang's industrial civilization, one of the top ten coal bases in the country, and has the reputation of "coal capital of a hundred years". Jingxin Coal Mine accompanied the glorious process of the Chinese revolution and created a brilliant influence.
The former site of the Zhengfeng Mine of Jingxing Coal Mine
Long history, rich precipitation
In 2015, the five-episode documentary "A Hundred Years of Jingxing Coal Mine", jointly produced by the Propaganda Department of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Party Committee, the Central News Documentary Film Studio and the Jingxin Mining District Committee and District Government, and directed by director Bi Qiong, was broadcast. From the beginning of the nineteenth century to the pioneering use of Western methods to open mines in the early years of the Republic of China, the documentary has been vigorous in the national capital enterprises, from the brutal plunder of the invaders during the War of Resistance Against Japan to the Hundred Regiments War, from the bright lights that lit xibaipo during the Liberation War to provide important energy power for the construction of new China, according to the clues of the times, they tell many historical stories that occurred in the mining areas from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the early days of the founding of New China, and for the first time revealed many little-known red histories.
Jingxing Coal Mine was founded in 1898. Zhang Fengqi, a native of Jingxing County, raised funds to purchase 18 acres of land as a mining area, opened mines by soil method, and soon stopped work due to shortage of funds. After getting acquainted with the German Hannagan, he signed a joint contract and established the "Jingxing Mining Company", with a capital of 250,000 taels each, which was jointly operated by China and Germany, which opened a model of Sino-foreign joint venture mining. Later, Yuan Shikai, the minister of Beiyang, took the mine into official ownership, signed a joint contract with Henneken, set up the "Jingxing Mining Bureau", formulated the transportation and marketing policy of "taking Zhengtai Road as the throat, Jinghan Road as the trunk, and Beining Road as the tail", established domestic sales and agency offices along the four major routes of Zhengtai, Jinghan, Jingsui, and Jingfeng, and set up seven major distribution offices throughout the country, namely: Shijiazhuang Nanwan Street, Baoding Nanguanwai, Beiping XuanwaiChenggen, Tianjin Special District No. 16, Yantai North Road Ba nanshou, Hankou Special District No. 3 Yiheli No. 4, Limei Road, French Concession, Shanghai. Through the ports of Tanggu and Shanghai, coal is also exported to Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Japan and the Nanyang Islands. In 1914, during world war I, the Germans returned to China and the joint contract was annulled. In order to avoid competition with domestic coal mines in the market, in 1914, a joint coal sales contract was signed with the Lincheng Mining Bureau and the Kailuan Mining Bureau, forming a situation of production and marketing. In 1916, it became one of the top ten mines in China, and in 1918, it became one of the three largest coal mines in China after the Fushun and Kailuan coal mines.
In 1922, the provincial government and the German merchants re-concluded the contract and jointly operated, with a total capital of 4.5 million yuan. At the same time, the introduction of advanced equipment to rapidly expand the scale. At that time, the world's most advanced industrial civilizations such as electric lights, telephones, automobiles, trains, large-bore wellheads, and steam winchs had appeared here.
In the Old Well Mining Area, the Crown Tower and the Old Well are still preserved. The "Crown Tower" is a strangely shaped water tower, built in 1915, covering an area of 38 square meters, designed and built by Hannagan, a descendant of german aristocrats who was then the admiral of the Beiyang Water Division of the Qing government and later the general office of the Jingxing Coal Mine. The Crown Tower is a masonry structure with a bluestone arch at the bottom; the protruding part of the top of the tower is a water tower, which can hold 50 cubic meters of water, mainly for the old well industrial boiler to exhaust smoke and provide production and living water, because the overall shape resembles the crown and is called "Crown Tower". It is understood that the red bricks inside the Crown Tower are all shipped from Germany, and each brick is printed with the words "Jingxin Mine". The old well, also known as the "South Well", was excavated in the 24th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, covering an area of 125 square meters, with a wellhead diameter of 4.5 meters and a depth of 184 meters, the derrick is a wooden structure, the lower layer of 16 meters high is a platform, and the height of the ground is 4.5 meters, and the coal was produced in 1904, which is the first wellhead for mechanized mining in the Jingxing mining area. It was not until October 1980 that the old well was closed and the wellhead had been backfilled and closed with cement. Today, the decaying wood and rusty iron nails on the old derrick bear witness to the centuries-old vicissitudes of the mining area.
The red years stand up the backbone of the nation
In 1921, after the founding of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese workers' movement sprang up vigorously, from the initial spontaneous economic struggle against the capitalists and feudal leaders to a conscious political struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. In September 1922, the news of the victory of the General Strike held by the Anyuan Coal Mine and the Zhuping Railway under the leadership of Mao Zedong, Li Shaoqi, Li Lisan and others spread to the mine, which made the miners of the Jingxing Coal Mine begin to see hope and light, and awakened the ideological consciousness of the working class.
In August 1926, the party organization sent Zhao Yuxiang, a member of the Communist Party, to Jingxing to propagate Marxism, establish a party organization, and carry out party work. In September 1927, the Party Branch of the CPC Jingxing Coal Mine was formally established, and since then, the revolution, construction and development of the Jingxing Coal Mine have turned a new page. In August 1932, the Cpc Jingxing Coal Mine Special Zone Committee and the Communist Youth League Jingxing Coal Mine Special Zone Committee were established successively. During this period, the Jingxin Coal Mine organized 6 large-scale strike struggles.
In the "July 7" Incident in 1937, the mining area was occupied by the Japanese invaders and was militarily managed. In October 1937, the Jingxin Coal Mine, along with another Zhengfeng Mine, was occupied by the Japanese Army, and in May 1938, it was changed to the Xingzhong Company Jingxin Coal Mining Office and the Xingzhong Company Zhengfeng Coal Mining Station respectively.
After the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression entered the stage of stalemate, the Japanese aggressors stepped up their plundering of mineral resources by adopting the method of "raising war through war." Because of its strategic location and the most important thing being the continuous supply of fuel, the Jingxin Coal Mine became an important stronghold for the Japanese invaders to plunder the coal resources of the mainland.
In order to plunder the resources of the Jingxing Coal Mine faster and more, the Japanese fascists built it into an airtight concentration camp. In addition to digging deep trenches around coal mines, building walls high, building bunkers, and building power grids, the Japanese invaders also raised a group of traitors who were willing to act as running dogs for the Japanese and closely monitored the labor of the miners.
At the Jingxing Coal Mine, the Japanese do not provide any safety guarantees for coal miners. On March 30, 1940, the "Declaration" published a report entitled "Jingxingcheng Coal Mine Explosion - 134 Miners Killed two or three months before work can resume." The accident was caused by the aging of the cable and leakage of electricity, the electric fire caused the gas explosion, and then the coal dust explosion.
In August 1940, the famous "Hundred Regiments War" began, and the Jingxin Coal Mine became the primary target of the Eighth Route Army. The miners' guerrillas, together with the main forces, won the first battle and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese aggressors' strategic attempt to "feed the war with war."
Commenting on the significance of the victory in the Jingxing Battle, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De pointed out: "In the economic war, the destruction of the Jingxing coal mine was a great victory for China. In economic warfare, it has a special significance. ”
In October 1940, the Japanese invaders reached an agreement with the pseudo-North China Political Affairs Committee to merge the Jingxing, Zhengfeng, Liuhegou Coal Mine and The Shimen Coking Plant to form the "Jingxing Coal Mine Co., Ltd."
After Japan's surrender in 1945, the Nationalist government took over the Jingxing Coal Mine.
On April 17, 1947, the Jingxing Mining Area was liberated, and the Jingxing Coal Mine became the rear area of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region. The Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Government took over the Jingxing Mining Bureau. The Jingxing Coal Mine is also known as the "First Mine of Liberation".
After that, the Jingxin Coal Mine actively provided material support for front-line operations. A front-line transport team of more than 500 miners transported machine tools, drilling machines, steam hammers and other equipment to the arsenal to make gun ammunition. A large number of skilled workers were also sent to create the first hydroelectric power station in Taihang Mountain, which lit the first bright light in Xibaipo and was praised by Commander-in-Chief Zhu De as a "pioneer in the border area".
During this period, the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Industrial Bureau moved into the mine; the School of Engineering of North China University (the predecessor of Beijing Institute of Technology) was established in the mining area; and the Xinhua News Agency Radio (the predecessor of the Central People's Radio) settled here. The skilled workers in the mining area built machines and repaired motors, supplied electricity to the Shaanxi Northern Xinhua Radio Station (later renamed the Central People's Radio) in Tianhu Village, the mining area, and provided sufficient material support and power supply for the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao to command the three major battles in Xibaipo. In that year, the good news of promulgating the outline of the land law, the successful report of the three major battles, and the good news of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China were transmitted throughout the land of Shenzhou by the red radio waves generated by the Jingxin Coal Mine Power Station.
After the founding of New China in 1949, the Hebei Jingxing Mining Bureau was established to restore and rebuild the mining areas destroyed by the Japanese invaders, and maintained a production level of more than one million tons for many years.
Whether in the anti-Japanese flames or in the War of Liberation, jingxin coal mines participated in the arduous struggle under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, composed a magnificent revolutionary epic, and made indelible contributions to the cause of national liberation.
Coal sea song Compose a new chapter of the times
After the founding of New China, under the leadership of the party and the government, Jingxin Coal Mine shared the worries of the country, bravely shouldered heavy burdens, made every effort to ensure the supply of national coal, supported the national economic construction, and became a brilliant banner on the national coal industry front.
In 1953, the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy on the mainland was promulgated, setting off a new upsurge in the vigorous socialist revolution and construction. The masses of workers in Jingxing Coal Mine are full of energy, fighting the coal sea, the production record has been refreshed repeatedly, and the coal output has risen sharply. In 1960, the highest record for raw coal production was 4.547 million tons.
The construction and development of jingxin coal mine has been valued and cared for by the party Central Committee and the State Council. On June 6, 1959, Premier Zhou Enlai inspected the Jingxin Coal Mine and gave instructions on production, safety, and the lives of employees, especially pointing out: "Safety is the main thing, when there is a contradiction between production and safety, production should be subordinated to safety, if you are almost not reproached because of safety, safety is not good." "The families of the employees were greatly encouraged, and they produced 3.5816 million tons of raw coal that year, with an overproduction of nearly 500,000 tons.
In addition, Jingxin Coal Mine also established a coal mine technical school, which became a talent base in the early days of the new Chinese coal industry, and dispatched more than 4,500 technical personnel and management cadres to participate in the development and construction of 14 large coal mines in eight provinces (regions); at the same time, it also undertook and supported the construction of a number of domestic and Asian, African and European friendly countries.
By the early 1980s, the Jingxin Coal Mine had recovered a total of 14.5 million tons of raw coal for the state, equivalent to the output of a large mine with an annual output of 900,000 tons for 16 years; the resource recovery rate reached 90%, which was 20% higher than the national coal mine recovery rate. In 2005, Jingxing Mining Bureau was shortlisted in the top 100 coal industry in China. In 2006, Jingxing Mining Bureau and Jinneng Group jointly reorganized.
In May 2008, the Jingxin Mining Bureau realized the overall restructuring and established Jingxing Mining Group Co., Ltd., which became a subsidiary of Jizhong Energy Group. The century-old bureau bid farewell to the factory system, established a modern enterprise system, and explored a development path for the transformation of resource-depleted mining enterprises.
Entering a new era, Jing mining group strives to explore the implementation of industrial structure transformation, realize the transformation from "coal-based" to "multi-industry", and build a modern industrial new system with new energy, high-end equipment manufacturing, new structural steel and other diversified development.