Art has had a large number of distinct functions throughout its history, making its purpose difficult to abstract or quantify into any single concept. This does not mean that the purpose of art is "vague", but that it has many unique and different reasons for being created. Some of the features of Art are provided in the following overview. The different purposes of art can be grouped according to those that have no motive and those that have a motive (Lévi-Strauss). [67]
Unmotivated function
The unmotivated purposes of art are those that are indispensable to human beings, transcend the individual, or do not satisfy a particular external purpose. In this sense, art, as creativity, is something that humans essentially have to do (i.e., no other species create art) and therefore goes beyond practicality. [67]
The basic human instinct of harmony, balance, and rhythm. This level of art is not an action or an object, but an intrinsic appreciation of balance and harmony (beauty), and is therefore an aspect of human transcendence of practicality.
Therefore, imitation is an instinct of our nature. This is followed by the instinct of "harmony" and rhythm, and the meter is clearly part of the rhythm. Thus, people began with this innate talent and gradually developed their special talents until their rude improvisation gave birth to poetry. —Aristotle[68]
Mystical experience. Art provides a way to experience the self in relation to the universe. When one appreciates art, music, or poetry, the experience may often be unprovoked.
The best thing we can experience is mystery. It is the source of all true art and science. —Albert Einstein[69]
The expression of imagination. Art provides a means of expressing the imagination in a non-grammatical way, independent of the form of the spoken or written language. Unlike words that appear sequentially and each has a clear meaning, art offers a range of malleable forms, symbols, and ideas.
Jupiter's eagle (as an example of art) is not like the logical (aesthetic) attribute of an object, not the concept of the sublime and majestic created, but something else—something that inspires the imagination to spread it in a world. A whole bunch of similar expressions provoke more thought than is permissible in concepts determined by words. They offer an aesthetic conception that serves the rational idea mentioned above, replaces logical presentation, but has the proper function of stimulating the mind by opening up the prospects for the mind into the realm of homogeneous expression beyond its scope. —Emmanuel Kant[70]
Ritual and symbolic function. In many cultures, art is used as a decoration or symbol in ceremonies, performances, and dances. While these usually have no specific utilitarian (motivational) purpose, anthropologists know that they usually serve a purpose at the level of meaning in a particular culture. This meaning is not provided by any one person, but is often the result of multigenerational changes and a cosmological relationship in culture.
Most scholars who study petroglyphs or objects restored from prehistoric backgrounds that cannot be explained in utilitarian terms and are therefore classified as decorative, ritualistic, or symbolic are aware of the traps posed by the word "art." – Silva Thomaskova[71]
Motivation function
The motivational purpose of art refers to the conscious and conscious behavior of the artist or creator. These may be to bring about political change, to comment on an aspect of society, to convey a particular emotion or emotion, to address the psyche of the individual, to illustrate another discipline, to sell a product (through the art of business), or just as a form of communication. [67] [72]
communicate. Art, in its simplest terms, is a form of communication. Since most forms of communication have intentions or goals directed at another person, it is a motivated purpose. Illustration art, such as scientific illustration, is an art form as communication. Maps are another example. However, the content is not necessarily scientific. Emotions, moods and feelings are also conveyed through art.
[Art is a group] of artefacts or images that have symbolic meaning as a means of communication. —Steve Misson[73]
Art as entertainment. Art may seek to bring specific emotions or emotions to relax or entertain the viewer. This is often a function of the art industry in film and video games. [74]
advance guard. The art of political change. One of the defining functions of early 20th-century art was the use of visual images to bring about political change. Art movements targeting Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian Constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism are collectively known as avant-garde art.
By contrast, from St. Thomas Aquinas to Anatole France, positivist-inspired realism seems to me to be a hostile to any intellectual or moral progress. I hate it because it's made of mediocrity, hatred, and dull conceit. It is this attitude that today produces these ridiculous books, these insulting dramas. It constantly draws nourishment and strength from newspapers and makes science and art stupid by deliberately flattering the most despicable people. Clear almost stupid, a dog's life. —André Breton (Surrealism)[75]
Art, as a "free zone," is divorced from the actions of social condemnation. Unlike the avant-garde movement, which wanted to eliminate cultural differences in order to produce new universal values, contemporary art enhanced its tolerance for cultural differences and its critical and liberating functions (social inquiry, activism, subversion, deconstruction...), becoming a more open place for research and experimentation. [76]
The art of social inquiry, subversion, or anarchy. While similar to the art of political change, subversive or deconstructivist art may seek to question aspects of society without any specific political goals. In this case, the function of art may simply be to criticize certain aspects of society. Spray graffiti graffiti art on Roman walls and other types of street art are graphics and images sprayed or printed on publicly visible walls, buildings, buses, trains, and bridges, often without permission. Certain art forms, such as graffiti, can also be illegal when violating the law (in this case vandalism).
The art of social causes. Art can be used to raise awareness of a variety of causes. Many artistic activities aim to raise awareness of autism,[77][78][79] cancer,[80][81][82] human trafficking,[83][84] and a variety of other topics, such as marine protection,[85] human rights in Darfur,[86] murder and disappearance of indigenous women,[87] elder abuse,[88] and pollution. [89] Trashion, which uses garbage to make fashion, is practiced by artists such as Marina DeBris as an example of the use of art to raise awareness of pollution.
Art for psychological and therapeutic purposes. Art is also used as art therapy by art therapists, psychotherapists, and clinical psychologists. For example, diagnostic mapping series is used to determine a patient's personality and emotional function. In this case, the final product is not the primary goal, but the process of seeking a cure through creative behavior. The resulting artwork can also provide insight into the troubles experienced by subjects and may suggest appropriate approaches for more traditional forms of psychopathic treatment. [90]
Promote art or commercialism. Art is often used as a form of propaganda and can therefore be used to subtly influence popular ideas or moods. In a similar way, the art of trying to sell a product can also affect mood and emotion. In both cases, the aim of art is to subtly manipulate the viewer to produce a specific emotional or psychological response to a particular idea or object. [91]
Art as an indicator of fitness. Some argue that the human brain's capabilities far exceed those needed to survive in their ancestral environments. One evolutionary psychological explanation for this is that the human brain and related traits (such as artistic abilities and creativity) are equivalent to human peacock tails. The purpose of the male peacock's extravagant tail is thought to be to attract females (see also Fisher's Principle of Loss of Control and Disorder). According to this theory, the excellence of the execution of art is evolutionarily significant because it attracts companions. [92]
The functions of the above arts are not mutually exclusive, as many of them may overlap. For example, art for entertainment purposes may also seek to sell products, namely movies or video games.
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