Speaking of the wine immortals in history, people now will definitely blurt out: Li Bai.
Yes, the great poet Li Bai is indeed synonymous with the Tang Dynasty wine immortals in today's world. He was not only a wine fairy, but also a poetry fairy. Li Baidou has a hundred poems, no wine can not write poetry, only binge drinking, it is best to be drunk and messed up, will the poetry be like a spring, can not be collected.
When Emperor Xuanzong summoned Li Bai, Li Bai was in a drunken bed, and in a hurry, he was ordered to enter the palace, let Gao Lishi take off his shoes, and the story of Yang Guozhong grinding was almost a household name, and everyone knew it. Although this incident could not be confirmed to be true or false, it all showed that Li Bai must have been drunk and confused at that time and did not know.
In fact, the first wine immortal of the Tang Dynasty was someone else. Like Li Bai, he was both synonymous with the wine immortals and a great poet, and was also known as the happiest person in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai's "wine immortal" was sealed by later generations, but this person's title of wine immortal was recognized by the literati and scholars of the upper class at that time.
This person was He Zhizhang, a great calligrapher and a great poet in the first year of Wu Zetian's reign (695).
He Zhizhang, in his later years, called himself "Siming Fanatic" and "Secretary Of foreign supervision", was a native of Yongxing, Yuezhou (present-day Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Tang Dynasty poet and calligrapher.
He Zhizhang was famous for his poetry when he was a teenager. In the first year of Wu Zetian's reign (695), he was awarded the title of Guozi Simen (国子四門 Doctor) and Dr. Qian Taichang (移太常). In the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Zhang said that he was a scholar of the Lizheng Temple, and invited He Zhizhang to enter the academy and write the "Six Classics" and "WenLu". Later, he was replaced by Taichang Shaoqing, the Attendant of the Ministry of Relocation, the Bachelor of jiajixian Academy, and the shilang of the Ministry of Works. Shortly thereafter, he was appointed secretary supervisor.
He Zhizhang was a man of open-mindedness, especially good wine, and had the reputation of "talking about the flow of the wind", and in his later years, he was especially more indulgent and drunk.
At that time, the officials did not retire, as long as they were energetic, they could continue to work.
In the early years of Tianbao, He Zhizhang felt that he was overwhelmed, so he wrote to ask for his hometown and became a Taoist monk. The edict gave the Mirror Lake a song, the imperial poem was given as a gift, and the crown prince was subordinated to xian. Jianqian Qiuguan lived in seclusion in it, and he died at the age of eighty-six. Emperor Suzong gave gifts to The Shangshu.
He Zhizhang is extremely popular, and there are all kinds of people in his circle of friends, whether it is the political arena, the poetry altar, the book world, or the disciples of the city well, the three religions and nine streams, all have his friends.
Together with Zhang Ruoxu, Zhang Xu, and Bao Rong, he was called the "Four Gentlemen of Wuzhong"; together with Li Bai, Li Shizhi, Li Yan, Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin, Zhang Xu, and Jiao Sui, he was known as the "Eight Immortals of Drinking"; together with Chen Ziang, Lu Zangyong, Song Zhiqing, Wang Shi, Bi Shuo, Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, and Sima Chengzhen, he was known as the "Ten Friends of Xianzong".
Interested friends can check the background information of these people, you know he zhizhang's circle of friends, what people are, what history, and perhaps can understand a little bit of He Zhizhang's network and strong personality charm.
He Zhizhang's poems are known for their absolute sentences, in addition to the sacred music and the poems that should be produced, his writing style and lyrical works are unique, fresh and elegant, of which "Wing Liu" and "Book of Returning To The Hometown Dolls" are the most popular and have been recited through the ages. Most of the works are scattered, and the Quan Tang Poems only record 19 of his poems.
In his early years, He Zhizhang moved to Shanyin, Yuezhou (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He was known for his poetry at a young age. In the first year of the Tang Dynasty (695), He was the first yuan in zhejiang history to be recorded.
He Zhizhang's title of wine immortal is much more than Li Bai's name.
The great poet Du Fu was the first to say in the "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking" is He Zhizhang: "Zhizhang rides a horse like a boat, and his eyes fall into the well and sleep under the water." ”
What does that mean? He said that after he was drunk, he was shaky and could not walk, and someone helped him on his horse. He rode forward and backward on his horse, like sitting on a boat and swimming leisurely in the lake. Drunk and dizzy, he was thrown down by the horse and fell into the well, and at the bottom of the cold well, he did not wake up, but fell asleep.
Look, what kind of situation does it have to drink to be like this?
Ordinary people are drunk, even if they are drunk like mud, as long as they use cold water to spray and wake up, but He Zhizhang did not. Therefore, to say that he is the number one "wine immortal" of the Tang Dynasty is truly deserved and worthy of his name.
With a wine fairy like He Zhizhang blocking in front, Li Bai wants to rub the line as the first wine fairy? There are no doors!
He Zhizhang was not only the number one "wine immortal" in the history of the Tang Dynasty, but also one of the happiest great poets and government officials in the Tang Dynasty.
Why?
As we said earlier, He Zhizhang moved to Shanyin, Yuezhou (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in his early years. When he was a teenager, he was famous for his poetry in the township, and later he was a middle soldier and a champion.
After He Zhizhang zhongzhuangyuan, he first conferred the title of Dr. Guozi Simen, and then moved to Dr. Taichang, and participated in the compilation of the "Six Classics" and "Wen Lu" and other books. Before the book could be compiled, he was again appointed as the Taichang Shaoqing. Later, he served as a rebbe attendant and a scholar of Jixian Academy. Later, he was transferred to the crown prince's right son, attendant, gongbu waiter, prince guest, yinqing Guanglu doctor and secretary supervisor, so he was called "He Jian".
As long as you are familiar with the duties of Officials of the Tang Dynasty, you will know that these official positions held by He Zhizhang are all honorable and free errands. Moreover, the people who deal with them every day are not the royal family and ministers, but also the emperor and the prince.
Therefore, during He Zhizhang's tenure, all the literati and scholars at that time, the three religions and nine streams in society, and those with heads and faces all flocked to him. Coupled with his extremely high emotional intelligence, easy-going and elegant personality, and like to promote the late generation, he naturally has been respected by everyone.
There is no doubt that He Zhizhang is a successful person. This refers not only to his career, but also to all the activities of his life. He almost wants the wind to be windy, and he wants the rain to be rainy. Among the ancient literati, his high life expectancy was also worthy of the name, along with Lu You, who died at the age of 86.
He Zhizhang not only had a smooth career, but also belonged to everyone in the grass, writing good poems and articles, and in the eyes of the literati and scholars, he was also a proper leader in the literary world. Although there are not many poems included in the Quan Tang Poems, only 19 poems, these poems of his, with endless golden sentences and good words, are still wonderful.
Li Bai was in front of him, willing to bow to his younger brother and bow to the wind; Du Fu mentioned him and gave him a thumbs up.
Here is a small story that may illustrate the character of He Zhizhang.
In the first year of Tianbao (742 AD), Li Bai, who had a little fame, went to the capital Chang'an North to pan for gold, and met an old man with a Dao bone fairy wind, and when he asked around, Li Bai knew that he was the famous He Zhizhang.
He Zhizhang was over seventy years old at this time, and Li Bai, with the mood of a late-born descendant, talked to He Zhizhang.
He Zhizhang heard that he was Li Bai, because he had read his poems, he did not dislike this late-born descendant at all, and the two found a tavern, and the more they talked, the more speculative they became, and the more they talked, the hotter they became. Li Bai asked He Zhizhang to read his own Shu Dao Difficulty. After He Zhizhang read it, he praised Li Bai as a "who immortal". This is the origin of Li Bai's "poetry immortal".
Since then, Li Bai's fame has suddenly "risen eight levels in a row" and gone up a big step. Because of He Zhizhang's recommendation, Tang Xuanzong appointed Li Bai as the hanlin to be edicted, so that Li Bai entered the political arena. It is said that when Du Fu first entered Chang'an, he also took the path of He Zhizhang.
He Zhizhang's official fortunes were prosperous, and he rose step by step, and there were no ups and downs in his life. Wu Zetian and Tang Xuanzong were his backstage and background, and no one was willing to fight against him, nor did anyone dare to create any trouble for him.
In the third year of Tianbao (744 AD), He Zhizhang was older and mentally confused due to illness, so he asked for a Taoist priest and asked to return to the township, and the house of the sheben township was a Taoist temple, and the Zhougong Lake was a release pond. The emperor decreed permission to give Jian Hu a song.
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang presented He Zhizhang with imperial poems, and the crown prince led hundreds of officials to send him off. Return to the "Taoist Village" outside the Wuyun Gate of Shanyin, live in the "Thousand Autumn Temple", build a "Yiqu Pavilion" for self-entertainment, and the paper is only a few crosses.
During this period, he wrote the "Two Books of The Returning Dolls", which was well known for people to recite, and died of illness shortly after, at the age of eighty-six. In the first year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (758), Emperor Suzong of Tang posthumously gave him the Title of Shangshu of the Ministry of Rites.
As an important poet in the early Tang Dynasty, He Zhizhang's poems have a certain guiding effect on the healthy development of Tang poetry, and also have exemplary significance for the practice of Sheng Tang poetry creation, and have a huge effect on the prosperity of Sheng Tang poetry, which has a huge effect of "one flower attracts a thousand flowers to bloom", and has made outstanding contributions to the development and prosperity of Tang poetry.
He Zhizhang's poetry is known for its absolute sentences, in addition to the sacred music and the poems that should be made, its writing scenes and lyrical works have a unique style, calm and unhurried, light and tasteful. The greatest success of his poems lies in the fact that they reflect and express the most essential things in social life, that is, human nature, and write an emotion that is common to human beings and has a specific direction, such as "The Second Book of Homecoming Dolls".
He Zhizhang inherited and carried forward Chen Ziang's spirit of "Wei Jin Feng Bones", pursuing "Bixing Sustenance" and exalting "human nature", and made a bold breakthrough in the paradigm of Yongwu poetry advocated and practiced by Li Zhao in the early Tang Dynasty, which was actually like the poetic style of Fan Hedge, and wrote the immortal poem "Wing Liu", which was popular among the people.
Due to the prosperous life and smooth life opportunities and the open-minded personality, He Zhizhang has never been cynical in his poetry, nor has he had the sad lament of the world, even if there is pity, the tone is optimistic and open-minded, the style is graceful, fresh and elegant. He Zhizhang's poetry is natural and realistic, the language is simple and unpretentious, unpolished, derived from life, from the bottom of the heart, and the artistic conception is far-reaching.
In later generations, some people called several celebrities at that time: Shisheng Dufu, Shixian Li Bai, Shi Devil Bai Juyi, Shi Shen Su Shi, Shi Fan He Zhizhang, Shi Fo Wang Wei, and Shi Ghost Li He.