Sports Big Business No. 2851, welcome to pay attention to the leading sports industry information platform
Wen | Zhuang Tour
Sports big business reporter
Recently, Chinese athletes have won consecutive "surprises", and are expected to make up five Olympic medals in three days, covering three Olympic Games in London 2012, Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2021. In these three Olympic Games, the original medal winners were verified during the anti-doping prosecution period for illegal use of doping, and the Chinese athletes who were originally ranked low could replace the medals according to the procedure.
In the early morning of Beijing time on the 23rd, the International Court of Arbitration for Sport announced that the Rio Olympics men's weightlifting 77 kg champion and Kazakhstan's Nidzat Rasimov will be banned for 8 years for taking prohibited drugs. At the same time, all his achievements between March 15, 2016 and January 18, 2021 will be cancelled. This also means that China's famous Lu Xiaojun, who ranked second in the Rio Olympic Games, is expected to win the gold medal in succession, thus achieving three consecutive Olympic championships.
Lu Xiaojun won the gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics
Time back to the Men's 77 kg event at the Rio Olympics in August 2016. Lü Xiaojun and Rasimov competed fiercely, and after the grab and the deadlift, the total result of both was 379 kg, but Lü Xiaojun was unfortunate to win the silver medal because he was heavier than his opponent.
At the 2012 London Olympic Games and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games, Lu Xiaojun won the weightlifting gold medal twice, and with Rakhimov's gold medal cancelled, Lu Xiaojun is expected to win the late Olympic title after a gap of 5 years and achieve the "triple crown".
While Lu Xiaojun still needs to wait for the official notice of the replacement, the Three Chinese Players Qieyang Shijie, Liu Hong and Lu Xiuzhi who raced in the women's 20 km race at the London Olympics in 2012 and the Chinese men's relay team led by Su Bingtian at the 2021 Tokyo Olympics have been officially confirmed to be the gold medal. This means that in just the past three days, with the introduction of a series of anti-doping-related judgments by international sports organizations, Chinese athletes have received 2 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze replacements, and a total of 5 Olympic medals are expected to be awarded to Chinese athletes.
Why did the medals submitted by Chinese athletes span three Olympic Games this time, especially why were the medals in 2012 not confirmed until 2022? This is because, in the history of the modern Olympic Games, the use of doping and anti-doping work is a kind of relationship of "one foot high, one foot high", the research and development technology of banned drugs is always ahead of the detection technology of banned drugs, what is found is stimulants, and what cannot be found is high technology.
From the urine test introduced at the 1964 Olympic Games to the blood test introduced at the Sydney Olympics in 2000, the methods and techniques of the Olympic drug ban test have been continuously upgraded. However, whenever the detection technology of banned drugs has just achieved a breakthrough, a batch of more advanced and hidden banned drugs will be developed and mass-produced immediately. Anti-doping organizations need to spend a lot of time upgrading their doping technology and further updating their doping lists.
It is precisely because of the natural lag in drug testing that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Anti-Doping Organization (WADA) have reached an agreement on the "anti-doping prosecution period", that is, WADA will store the test samples of the contestants for a long time and continuously test them with the latest technology during the prosecution period, the prosecution period was initially 5 years, later extended to 8 years, and in recent years it has been extended to 10 years. This means that as long as a player is detected using banned drugs within 10 years, he can be prosecuted and stripped of the honor he has earned.
This time, the fundamental reason why Chinese athletes were able to make up for the 5 medals of the past three Summer Olympic Games is that anti-doping detection technology has been continuously upgraded and evolved in the past decade, which has allowed those medalists who were lucky enough to pass the drug ban test during the race to show their feet in the additional testing during the prosecution period. In a sense, with the upgrading of anti-doping detection technology and the continuous extension of the anti-drug prosecution period, those truly honest Olympians will eventually receive historical recognition and praise.
After ten years of harvesting the late gold medal, Sister CheyangShi's sorrow and joy intersected
Recently, the official website of the World Athletics Federation has updated the information of Su Bingtian and other members of the Chinese men's 4×100m relay team, and the honor of "Olympic Bronze Medalist" has been added to the honor column.
Su Bingtian of the official website of the World Athletics Federation has joined the honor of "Olympic Bronze Medal winner"
On February 18, the Court of Arbitration for Sport issued a notice finding that British sprinter Chikindu Uja had violated anti-doping regulations at the Tokyo Olympics, and that his results in the men's 4×100m relay final and the men's 100m race at the Tokyo Olympics had been cancelled.
In the men's 4×100m relay final at the Tokyo Olympics, the Chinese team composed of Su Bingtian, Xie Zhenye, Wu Zhiqiang and Tang Xingqiang ranked fourth, while the Italian team, the British team and the Canadian team won the top three. With the British team's silver medal withdrawn, the Canadian team won the silver medal and the Chinese team won the bronze medal – this is also the first Olympic medal in the Chinese men's track and field relay.
Chinese men's 4x100 relay team at the Tokyo Olympics
Also because their opponents were sentenced for doping, China's Qi Yangshijie, Liu Hong and Lu Xiuzhi were also qualified to replace the gold, silver and bronze medals of the London Olympic Games.
In the women's 20 km race walk final at the London 2012 Olympics, Russia's Rushmanova won the gold medal with a time of 1 hour, 25 minutes and 02 seconds and broke the world record. Russia's Kanishkina won silver, China's Cheyang Shijie won bronze, Liu Hong won fourth place, Russia's Kirgapukina won fifth, and China's Lu Xiuzhi ranked sixth. But then, the results of the three Russian players were cancelled for doping.
On March 21, the Athletics Integrity Committee (AIU), independent of the World Athletics Federation, announced that Rashmanova was involved in doping and had cancelled all her achievements between February 8, 2012 and January 3, 2014, including the gold medal at the 2012 London Olympics and the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow.
The verdict also means that China's Qieyang Shijie won the position of making up for the Olympic gold medal. Two other Chinese players, Liu Hong and Lu Xiuzhi, will take the silver and bronze medals. At the same time, Liu Hong will also win the gold medal in the women's 20 km race walk at the 2013 World Championships, and is expected to become the "quadruple champion" of the World Championships.
But the late champion is actually cruel for the athletes. At the best age, after working hard, but not being able to enjoy the joy of the champion, it is a great pity for the top athletes who take sports as their life.
After the verdict was released, the first Tibetan Olympic champion, Sister Cheyang Shi, said on Weibo: "Ten years have passed, and I have welcomed my Olympic champion in this way, and I am both happy and sad after learning the news." Happy that I can be the champion in my heart, happy that I can have an Olympic gold medal, although many things have passed and will not have, but I have the medal to prove myself. The sad thing is that I have not felt the appearance of a champion, I have not won the aura of an Olympic champion, although the aura is temporary, but the aura of that moment I want to have, I did not get the self-value that I may be able to get, but the past has passed, and I am still trying to get it. ”
Anti-doping depends on both technology and legislation, and China promotes "doping criminalization"
Looking back at modern Olympic history, dope appeared almost simultaneously with the modern Olympic Games, and from the marathon of the first Olympic Games in 1896, runners were found to have taken a homemade doping agent, mixed with egg white, which was seen as helping to improve performance. At the 3rd St. Louis Olympics in 1904, marathon champion Thomas Hicks suddenly fell into a coma after crossing the finish line first, and he was later found to have taken a large dose of shidan, which began to attract attention.
Due to the continuous use of Olympians because of various stimulants and after the game coma or even sudden death, which made the IOC determined to introduce doping testing from 1964, initially through urine testing, and then in 1989, the International Ski Federation for the first time at the World Ski Championships to conduct blood tests, the International Olympic Committee in 2000 officially introduced a more accurate blood test EPO test than urine tests. Almost every few years, WADA upgrades its anti-drug detection technology, and for the first time during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics at the beginning of this year, it used a simpler and faster dry blood spot detection technology.
For China, doping is an imported product, and the first time Chinese sports were exposed to this "high-tech product" was during the period when former East German coaches came to China to coach in the 1970s and 1980s. Needless to say, there have been doping scandals in China (a month after the 1994 Asian Games, China was told that 17 Chinese players tested positive for urine). But as China began bidding to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Chinese sportsmen determined to rebuild their international image became a positive example of anti-doping and were widely praised by the international sports community. Chinese sports have long adhered to the principle of "zero tolerance" for doping, and players are required to "take the gold medal of morality, the gold medal of style, and the gold medal of cleanliness".
On February 24, 2022, the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the International Inspection Agencies and the Director-General jointly sent a letter to Chen Zhiyu, Director of the China Anti-Doping Center, expressing his heartfelt praise and gratitude for the Great Contribution of the Center to the anti-doping work of the Beijing Winter Olympics.
A letter of thanks from an international inspection agency to the China Anti-Doping Center
On January 20, the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee announced on its official website that it had signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with international inspection agencies, the General Administration of Sport, the Ministry of Public Security, the General Administration of Customs, and the China Anti-Doping Center to cooperate in anti-doping information and intelligence.
Doping checkpoints at the Beijing Winter Olympics
With the joint efforts of the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee and the China Anti-Doping Center, the "black technology" dry blood point equipment "shell" independently developed and manufactured by China was unveiled, which also made the Beijing Winter Olympic Games the first Olympic Games to carry out routine inspection and testing of dry blood points, and China became the first country to officially implement dry blood point inspection and testing at the Olympic Games.
By drawing 60 microliters of finger blood from athletes, the blood automatically flows into the filter paper, forming blood spots, which are dried and sealed for preservation. In just a few minutes, a dried blood point sample is collected and then the sample is transferred to a doping laboratory without constant temperature storage. After the event, the dried blood spot samples will be transported to Lausanne, Switzerland, together with other samples for long-term preservation, and within 10 years, the samples can be re-examined upon request.
In terms of doping inspection of domestic events, the Requirements of the National Anti-Doping Center, the General Administration of Sport and various associations are also at the highest level. On July 20, 2021, the General Administration of Sport announced the latest version of the Anti-Doping Management Measures, which is significantly stricter in terms of duty requirements and penalties compared with the 2015 version.
For example, those who have been banned for more than one year because of doping violations cannot be selected for the national team; athletes who violate doping must deal with the directly responsible persons and the relevant personnel in charge of coaches; and according to the investigation results, the leaders of the athlete management units and the responsible management personnel are investigated according to discipline and regulations.
Yang Yang serves as Vice Chairman of the World Anti-Doping Agency
On January 1, 2020, Yang Yang, the first gold medalist of the Winter Olympics in mainland China, was officially appointed as the vice chairman of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which is the first time Chinese has entered the top leadership of the agency.
Yang Yang once pointed out the need for anti-doping education for athlete support teams: "The environment in which athletes grow up is very simple, and the people around them have a huge impact on them. We see that in some places, stimulants have become a 'culture', preaching that if you don't take (medicine) others eat, you will suffer losses, which is a huge problem and hidden danger. "In addition to education, it is also necessary to increase the punishment of its team." President Bach also said in a speech at the World Anti-Doping Congress: "Anti-doping work should increase the crackdown and punishment of athletes supporting the team's violations." ”
In recent years, China has continuously passed legislation to strictly crack down on the doping industry chain, and has continued to increase legislative efforts to promote "doping criminalization". On November 18, 2019, the Supreme People's Court of the Mainland promulgated the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Smuggling, Illegal Business and Illegal Use of Doping, which mainly punishes illegal activities such as smuggling, illegal production and sale of doping and organization, forcing, cheating and instigating athletes to use doping, and cracks down on illegal entities behind athletes. On December 26, 2020, the 24th Session of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the Amendment (XI) to the Criminal Law, adding doping-related offences, which came into effect on March 1, 2021. The passage of the amendment means that China has taken a far-reaching and important step in the fight against doping.
Globally, the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) has long been a model for anti-doping. USADA is not only world-class in terms of technical iteration and accuracy in drug detection, but also the most powerful in holding tainted players accountable. USADA has won 3 gold and 2 bronze "flying women" Marion Jones and other American celebrities at the Sydney Olympic Games to court and eventually sentenced to prison.
What is most awe-inspiring to the outside world is that in 2012, the USADA debunked the true face of the "medicine magic" of the so-called "greatest cyclist in history" and American inspirational idol Lance Armstrong through a rigorous investigation, and finally insisted that Armstrong be stripped of the title of winner of the Tour de France for seven consecutive years from 1999 to 2005 and banned him for life.
Initially, the International Cycling Federation (UCI), the head of the bicycle, was reluctant to break Armstrong's seven-in-a-row crown, believing that the UCI was the only agency in the world with the authority to make decisions on Punishment for Armstrong. Moreover, the period of prosecution for drug prohibition stipulated at the time of the crime was 8 years, which means that the title of champion in 1999-2004 has passed the period of prosecution. However, THE USADA insisted on its own opinion, unilaterally announcing that they had proposed to strip Armstrong of all seven consecutive titles and demand that he be banned for life. Eventually, under pressure from public opinion, UCI announced its support for the USADA's verdict.
At present, China is making every effort to build a sports power, and what China needs to enhance is not only the physical fitness of its citizens, but also to become a model for global sports in terms of anti-doping, and those who are tainted stars are not afraid of exposing their own ugliness. Previously, China's women's weightlifting gold medal at the Beijing Olympics was cancelled due to doping storms. The controversy caused by the "Sun Yang incident" has strengthened the determination of Chinese sports to fight doping after continuous fermentation. In recent days, Chinese athletes have frequently replaced the medals because of their opponents' doping, and while it is worth congratulating, it also reminds us that anti-doping should continue, continue to compete cleanly, and compete for honor cleanly.
Note: The images used in this article are from the Internet