Citrus quality improvement and efficiency improvement integration technology and application promotion strategy

Citrus quality improvement and efficiency improvement integration technology and application promotion strategy

_Zhang Yuping

With the rapid development of the mainland's social economy and the continuous improvement of people's daily life, the demand for citrus continues to increase, and new requirements are put forward for the innovation and research and development of citrus quality improvement and efficiency cultivation technology. At the same time, in order to improve the yield and quality of citrus, we must pay attention to and do a good job in the demonstration and promotion of technology to meet the actual needs of market development and increase the economic income of citrus growers.

1 Biological properties of citrus

Citrus is a small evergreen tree and shrub, and the tree can generally reach a height of about 2 m. Although citrus is a photophilic plant, too strong light can cause problems such as citrus stunted growth, which directly leads to yield reduction. The optimal growth temperature of citrus is 23 ~ 29 °C, if the ambient temperature is lower than -2 °C, severe frost damage will occur, beyond 35 °C will have different degrees of impact on the normal growth of citrus.

2 Citrus quality improvement and efficiency improvement integrated technology

2.1 Reasonable choice of cultivation time

Mainland citrus is mainly concentrated in the southern region, and the climatic conditions in the region are relatively warm and humid, with certain thermal conditions. You can choose to start normal sowing operations in spring and autumn, which can ensure the overall survival rate of citrus. During the planting process, the ambient temperature should be maintained in the range of 23 to 29 °C.

2.2 Reasonable dense planting

The thickness of the citrus planting soil should be maintained at about 1 m, and good looseness and air permeability are required. In order to ensure the yield and quality of citrus, it is necessary to give priority to the selection of slightly acidic soils, and the soil pH value should be maintained in the range of 5.5 to 6.8. In addition, it is necessary to choose to build orchards in areas with sufficient water sources, apply plantar fertilizer, and when citrus seedlings grow to about 1 m, timely transplanting and colonization operations should be carried out. Citrus planting density should be determined according to the soil conditions of the planting site, water and fertilizer conditions and other factors, in general, the plant row spacing is maintained at 3 m×3 m, the planting density is 1 080 plants / hm 2 is appropriate, to ensure the wind permeability and light transmittance of the plant.

2.3 Field management

2.3.1 Cultivated soil. Timely cultivation can improve the overall looseness, water permeability and air permeability of the soil, and ensure the normal growth of citrus. It is necessary to organize three effective medium tillage operations every year, the first time in early March combined with the application of germination fertilizer, and the whole garden completes a 25 cm deep turning operation, providing the basic conditions for the rapid growth of new citrus roots;

The second soil tillage operation began in June with sufficient fruit-promoting fertilizer, and shallow tillage of 15 cm was preferred, while the third medium tillage was completed after the application of fruit harvesting fertilizer, and some areas needed to start in November, and the depth of medium tillage was maintained at 25 cm, which could effectively reduce the impact of frost damage.

Soil cultivation operations are mainly to achieve soil improvement, increase soil nutrient content, moisturize and drought control, and promote the growth of citrus roots. Good soil cultivation operation can achieve the effect of heat preservation and cold protection in winter. Soil cultivation is carried out at the same time as deep ploughing after the completion of winter fruit picking. Start cultivating soil at a height of 5 cm in the tree disc, and the soil should be preferentially selected for river mud or pond mud.

2.3.2 Scientific pruning. Citrus must be pruned regularly to achieve the effect of preserving flowers and fruits. The number of female branches in the canopy of a citrus tree directly determines the yield of citrus. Therefore, attention must be paid to the work of shaping and pruning the canopy.

The pruning principle of the productive tree type: First of all, the tree is strong and light shear, the tree is weak and heavy sheared; the young tree is lightly sheared, the aging tree is re-sheared; the result is less light shear, and the result is multiple shears. Secondly, according to different seasons for appropriate pruning, usually, the pruning time of the productive tree type is mainly based on winter, supplemented by summer pruning, and the amount of branches is appropriately pruned, which effectively reduces the consumption of nutrients by the tree. Finally, thinning is the mainstay and stubbing is supplemented. Select the one with the more fruit branches as the mother tree and prune its upper branches.

2.3.3 Soil management. There is a direct correlation between citrus yield and fruit quality and the actual content of organic matter in the soil. Therefore, after planting citrus for 2 to 3 days, it is necessary to rationally plant peanuts, soybeans and other well-developed crops with roots through the mode of intercropping, so as to effectively regulate the composition and content of organic matter in the soil. Or appropriately increase the amount of organic fertilizer to increase the organic matter content in the soil and optimize the internal environmental conditions of the soil. In the daily management of young citrus trees, it is necessary to expand the hole in time to optimize the soil structure.

3 Citrus quality improvement and efficiency improvement integration technology application promotion strategy

3.1 Establish and improve organizational leadership mechanisms

Relevant government departments are required to actively play their functional roles, clarify the work responsibilities of various units and personnel, and strengthen the coordination and cooperation between the agricultural department and relevant departments to build organizational synergy, so as to lay an organizational guarantee for the promotion and application of citrus quality improvement and efficiency integration technology. In order to further improve the economic benefits of the citrus planting industry, it is necessary to strengthen the mechanization of citrus planting, and realize the goal of organizing and socializing farmers in an all-round way, and the competent government departments must do a good job in coordinating to ensure the orderly development of the citrus industry. In view of the problem of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to establish and improve a modern prevention and control system, use advanced technical means to effectively prevent and control various diseases and insect pests such as citrus fruit flies, increase the application of green environmental protection pest control technology, strictly control the use of chemical agents and fertilizers, improve the standardization and standardization of daily cultivation management, and thus ensure the quality and safety of citrus.

3.2 Corrective fertilization techniques

Based on the nutrient determination results of soil and plants in the existing Yongchun reed production area and the nutritional rules of high quality and high yield of Yongchun reed, according to the technical requirements of "fruit-fixing fertilizer, soil fertilization, and tree fertilization", the nutrient carrying amount per unit area, the soil nutrient abundance and deficiency of citrus orchards, the nutrient content of functional leaves of citrus trees, the dynamics of annual nutrient demand, and the influencing factors such as age and tree potential were proposed, and the technical system of corrective fertilization of reeds was proposed in cooperation with Professor Hu Chengxiao of Huazhong Agricultural University, in accordance with the technical requirements of reed corrective fertilization, Combined with the annual fruit target yield, orchard management requirements, local seasonal meteorological conditions, organic fertilizer resources, fertilizer enterprise production conditions, etc., the study proposes the reed citrus basal fertilizer, the amount and proportion of topdressing nutrients, the proportion and the corresponding material ratio, forming inorganic (water-soluble), organic and inorganic and efficient multi-functional special fertilizer series products, and constructing the whole process of nutrition management scheme and package fertilizer of reeds; according to the standing conditions of Yongchun reed orchard, combined with the requirements of green prevention and control of tree age, tree potential and pests, Based on the whole process of nutrition management and package fertilizer, establish a perfect, demonstration and promotion of the following models. (1) Two-time fertilizer mode. Taking advantage of the timing of two fertilizations in winter and spring and Zhuangguo, the demonstration and promotion of Yongchun Reed Special Fertilizer No. 1 and No. 2 were demonstrated. (2) Base fertilizer deep application + water fertilizer topsizing mode. Winter or spring application of base fertilizer, water and fertilizer integration or watering topdressing, demonstration and promotion of Yongchun reed special base fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer. (3) "2+X" mode. "2" refers to one of the above two, "X" refers to one of the following, namely acid soil improvement (lime, dolomite, oyster shell ash and magnesium hydroxide to correct soil acidification, supplement calcium and magnesium nutrition), ecological conservation (citrus orchards plant green manure, raw grass, mulching or grass, maintain water and soil, improve ecology), control and insect control [ fertilizer water control new shoots (summer shoots), anti-psyllid control huanglong disease], tree type construction (young orchard tree type orientation construction, put into production orchard orientation transformation, form an ideal tree type, ventilation and light transmission, convenient operation, stable production and high quality).

4 Conclusion

In summary, the citrus planting industry is an important part of the mainland agricultural industry, in order to promote the sustainable development of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen the research and development and promotion of technology, clarify the key points of citrus quality improvement and efficiency improvement integration technology, combine the biological characteristics of citrus, enhance the cultivation management of citrus planting, deepen the promotion and application of citrus quality improvement and efficiency improvement integration technology, strengthen the construction of the basic guarantee system, use advanced technical means to promote the structural optimization and transformation of the citrus industry, and promote the further development of the citrus industry in the mainland.