Anshun Temple of Literature
It was built during the Ming Hongwu period
It is a national key cultural relics protection unit
The Anshun Confucian Temple is rich in decorative patterns with its stone carvings
There is a wide range of engraving techniques
It enjoys the reputation of "temple of stone carving art"
Ingeniously carved cloud dragon stone pillar
It has long been famous
……
In fact
On the Star Gate of the Temple of Literature
Stone carvings with different and vivid appearances
It is also often praised by people
Today
Let's take a look at it with Xiaobian
The story of these stone sculptures ~ ~
01
The Temple of Literature star gate
Located in the central area of the Temple of Literature complex, the Anshun Confucian Temple is home to three four-pillared stone arches, relics of the reconstruction of the Temple of Literature during the Qing Dynasty.
There are many character stories carved on the stone forehead, and due to its age, the content of the story is mostly impossible for people to interpret.
In "The Old House of Anshun", these stories are described as "Yao Wang Visit shun", "Wen Wang visit xian", "Cheng Wang Na Zhi", "Upside down to greet each other", "Han Wu visit xian", "Three Gu Maolu" six stories, but compared with the story scene, there are still many doubts.
After several years of consulting materials, collecting research, and repeatedly deliberating, the author believes that these stone carving patterns should be divided into twelve paintings, a total of ten stories.
The content of the story is: Nishan Prayer, Zhuangyuan and Di, JunTian Descending Saint, Qilin Jade Book, Phoenix Title Book, Guanyin Sending Son, Xiaolou Night Reading, King Wen Visiting Xian, Shun Geng Lishan, and one of the stories has not yet been deciphered. The following is corresponding to the interpretation and analysis of each story one by one.
02
Character science
In order to facilitate the distinction, identification and interpretation, we will first make a simple summary of the basic characteristics of the sex, age, social status, hair bun, ornamentation, and mood of the characters in stone carving, brick carving and wood carving since the Ming and Qing dynasties in China
The scholars and doctors are all dressed in long robes, wearing official hats, beards fluttering, and solemn posture:
The lady is dressed lightly and flowingly, with headdress earrings and buns, and a graceful posture
The tall hermits mostly fished for idleness; as for the farmers, they wore bucket hats and shirtless pants;
The difference in age is mostly in the contrast between individual height, size and position, and children often have hammerheads carved on their heads.
With these basic concepts in place
Let's get to know these stories on the Stargate
First, let's get to know each other
The story of the "Frontal Front of the East Secondary Gate"
03
The Story on the Forehead (Front)
On the surface, there are people, animals, buildings, etc. on the entire forehead, and the composition is more complicated, but in fact, it is only composed of three patterns. The middle one is the largest and the two sides are smaller.
The story of the east side
In this carving, one of the most conspicuous animals, the unicorn, has a noblewoman in front of the head of the unicorn who extends her hand to the head of the unicorn, and the back and head of the noblewoman show a building, and the tail of the unicorn is carved with a woman. The character scene described in this story is represented in several versions of the "Sacred Traces of Confucius", which is the "Qilin Jade Book".
It is said that before Confucius was born, there was a Qilin mouth spit jade book in his home, the book wrote that "water sperm, followed by the decline of the Zhou and become the king of su", Confucius's mother felt very strange, so she tied it to the qilin horn with embroidery, and the qilin stayed in his home for a night and left. The mood expressed in this story is completely consistent with the scene of the "Qilin Jade Book" in the sacred relics. At the same time, the story is consistent with the function of the Temple of Literature, which is an auspicious story before the birth of the ancients' fictional Kong Sage.
The story in the middle
A larger pattern in the middle of the frontal fang, the middle position is carved with a figure riding a horse, someone holding an umbrella cover in the back, someone holding a sign, and in front of two noble ladies and two official figures greeting, the whole scene appears lively and solemn, as well as respect for the horseback riders. The scene of the story is the "Zhuangyuan and Di" story that was widely circulated in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The story of Zhuangyuan and Di appeared in the Ming and Qing dynasties when the imperial examination was the most prosperous, when the ancient Chinese often used the "Zhuangyuan and Di" characters or corresponding character patterns to express their good wishes to obtain a great merit through the imperial examination.
This story of the Anshun Confucian Temple is the same as the "Zhuangyuan and Di" picture in the Guangdong Provincial Museum.
The story of the South End
The southern end of the forehead is a relatively compact set of stories, this figure is composed of five characters, each character is located in a different height of space, different looks, like stepping on the clouds and stepping on the fog, and its demeanor reflects the commonality of the purpose of the five people. The demeanor of each character expresses a different division of labor: one figure on the right side of the lower level holds a flute in his hand, indicating that the person is a piper, and the other characters also have a musical instrument in their hands (but the damage is so bad that it is difficult to distinguish what they are holding).
This story is the same as the character scene in the "JunTian Descending Saint" figure in the "Sacred Relics of Confucius". The Juntian Descending Sacred Figure depicts five immortal figures playing flutes, flutes, pipes, drums, etc. over Confucius's houses. The story is that when Confucius was born, Confucius's mother heard the sound of jun tian in the air at home, and the music was accompanied by the sound of "Heavenly Feeling Born Of The Holy Son". This figure depicts the theme of the five immortal figures in "Jun Tian" playing over the house, so this picture is an abbreviated version of the story of "Jun Tian Descending".
In addition to the positive story
The back of the forehead
There are also many interesting stories hidden
To be continued
Stay tuned
statement
The author of this article is Wu Zhongxing
(Chief of Cultural Relics Protection Section, Anshun Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics)
Orchestrated | Luo Xiaoding
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