"Willing to die for Putin!"
"As long as it is authorized, it can completely help Putin take Ukraine, and there is no need for Putin to personally come forward!"
The crisis in Ukraine continues to this day, and local conflicts continue to exist. In response to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the leader of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov, has repeatedly made such harsh remarks on behalf of the Kremlin.
It should be known that there have been deep contradictions between Russia and Chechnya, with two Chechen wars and many Chechen terrorist attacks.
Why, then, would Chechen leaders speak for Russia today, rather than making a fuss about independence when Russia is struggling to deal with the Ukraine crisis? How did Chechnya, Russia's backyard, become stable and not on fire?
Past: The Conflict between Russia and Chechnya
Initially, the Chechens were conquered by the Russians by means of "iron" and "blood".
Later, during the Soviet period, Khrushchev exiled a large number of Chechens to poor conditions such as Siberia in Russia on charges of treason, and the seeds of chechen-Russian contradictions were planted at the beginning.
During the Yeltsin administration, radical separatist sentiments in Chechnya sent the Russian president to a panic.
Because he himself was at the forefront of the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chechnya appeared to be emulating itself and wanting to break up the Russian Federation.
At Yeltsin's behest, on December 11, 1994, Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev commanded Russian troops to launch an armed attack on Chechnya.
(Yeltsin)
The Russian army, which originally wanted to solve the problem with a quick war, suffered a major setback and paid a heavy price in the subsequent military operations.
The war lasted for nearly two years, and finally in August 1996, Russia finally signed an armistice with Chechnya in the face of great domestic pressure and international public opinion, which disguised itself as a tacit acquiescence to Chechnya's political independence.
The First Chechen War came to an end.
In this war, Russia not only failed to achieve its own political goals, but also let itself be trapped in the quagmire of war for a long time, consuming a lot of people, materials, and financial resources, which can be described as a heavy loss.
Lukin, the then representative of the State Duma, said: "In 5 years, Russia will be stronger, and then we will wait and see."
The second Chechen trigger was that in August 1999, Chechen Shamir Basayev led the armed forces directly into the Republic of Dagestan, occupied the land, and announced the establishment of a new government, the Islamic Republic of Dagestan.
(Republic of Dagestan)
For Russia, this kind of behavior is even more intolerable, because it spreads the act of separation and independence throughout the North Caucasus.
This would encourage more independent sentiment in the Union Republics.
With the support of the Republic of Dagestan, in October 1999, the army of the Russian Federation invaded Chechnya and the Second Chechen War began.
The commander of this military operation was none other than Vladimir Putin.
The army of the Russian Federation, under the command of Putin, achieved a great victory, completely destroying the de facto Chechen independence regime that had existed since 1991 and preventing the danger of Chechnya's separation from Russia.
But at the same time, huge problems arose, the most important of which was the death of countless Chechens in the war, making their relatives and friends think that this was a massacre of Chechens by the Russians.
(Chechen soldiers)
In the face of russian oppression, the Chechens will not give in at all.
Countless women who have lost their husbands, only sons and daughters who have lost their parents, are full of hatred for Russia and are always thinking of revenge.
As a result, the crime rate in Chechen society as a whole has skyrocketed, and what is more serious is that many people have directly become or joined terrorist extremist organizations and carried out terrorist activities.
Among them, the famous "Black Widow" in Chechnya is a representative, and suicidal revenge has become a weapon in their hands.
("Black Widow")
On September 1, 2004, Chechen extremists will speak at the First Secondary School in Beslan, North Ossetia Republic of Southern Russia, on the terrorist activities of students, parents and teachers who are holding an opening ceremony.
At 10:00 a.m. Moscow time on September 1, the Beslan No. 1 Middle School, which was holding its opening ceremony, was raided by a group of unidentified extremist militants.
They took 1,200 teachers, students and parents hostage, confronted the police, and immediately stated their intention to demand the unconditional withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya and the return of their former Russian accomplices.
Obviously, Putin will not negotiate with terrorists in any way.
At 13:00, Putin immediately convened a relevant meeting to form a rescue force and be on standby at any time. After two days of failed negotiations on September 1 and September 2, terrorists engaged Russian military police around 2 p.m. on Sept. 3, and by 4 p.m. Russian military police were in control of the school.
According to official Russian statistics, the operation eliminated 20 terrorists, but the death toll was as high as 150.
This terrorist act caused extreme social panic in Russia and shocked the world. In addition to this terrorist activity, which is particularly well known to the world, various terrorist activities have occurred in Russia for many years.
(Russia has suffered terrorist attacks for many years)
Some hate the Chechens, some are disappointed in the Russian government, some are disgusted with the Russian army... The contradictions between the Russians and the Chechens seem irreconcilable.
However, the war destroyed the old regime in Chechnya, and the new regime to be created offered the possibility of easing relations between the Russians and the Chechens, making the situation in Chechnya more and more stable.
Second, one of the reasons for the stability of the situation in Chechnya: the "cheren" to govern the "car" - the Kadyrov family stabilizes the political situation in Chechnya
The war is over, the original government in Chechnya no longer exists, and how to reorganize the new government in Chechnya has become an important task at present.
At that time, various reconstruction plans were proposed in Russian politics:
In November 2000, Malik Sayullayev proposed direct rule over Chechnya by the President and Prime Minister of Russia;
The then Russian Deputy Prime Minister Nemtsov proposed the partition of chechnya from north to south, the subordination of the pro-Russian northern plains into a federation and the independence of the anti-Russian southern mountains, and the imposition of no presidential office in Chechnya and the exercise of collective leadership.
In the end, Russian President Vladimir Putin chose to use the Chechen Ahmed Kadyrov approach to govern the Chechens.
Ahmed Kadyrov was a spiritual leader in the religious circles of Chechnya, and from the very beginning he appeared on the stage of history as the main central figure of the Chechen independent militants.
(Ahmed Kadyrov)
However, when Chechen forces launched multiple terrorist attacks in Dudayev and Basayev.
With serious humanitarian consequences, Ahmed Kadyrov, who had a moderate stance, came into serious conflict with this extreme terrorist stance and turned to cooperation with the Russian Federation.
This shift in his position was appreciated by President Putin.
Coupled with his own status as the supreme leader of the Chechen religion, Putin decided to train him to become a leading figure in the new Chechen government.
In addition, in the Chechen provisional government, President Putin appointed Chechen nationals in key organs of power to show full trust in chechens.
In this way, Russia began to reorganize the political situation in Chechnya.
In October 2003, formal presidential elections were held in Chechnya.
On the one hand, as a Chechen leader fully trusted by the Government of the Russian Federation, Ahmed Kadyrov easily won more than 80% of the vote in this presidential campaign, and naturally became the legitimate and democratically elected president of Chechnya.
On the other hand, he was seen by the remaining stubborn resistance extremists as a thorn in the eye, a thorn in the flesh, and constantly declared that he wanted to eliminate this Chechen "traitor".
(Putin)
In general, Russian President Putin's strategy of "governing the car with cars" adopted by Russian President Putin after the end of the war in Chechnya has played a significant role, and has played a positive role in rebuilding the Political System and stabilizing society in Chechnya.
Unfortunately, those extremists brutally killed Ahmed Cardros in 2004 at an event to congratulate the 59th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War.
This casts a shadow over Putin's strategy of "governing the car with the people of the car".
The Government of the Russian Federation reacted promptly and decided to hold the presidential elections in advance.
After the election, the pro-Russian Arkhanov was elected as the new president, while Ahmed Kadyrov's son Ramzan Kadyrov was appointed Prime Minister of the Chechen government.
Chechnya's political and social situation was extremely unstable at that time, and the president, who lacked political capital alone, could not control the whole situation.
Ahmed Kadyrov's son, Ramzan Kadyrov, was appointed by Putin as the new President of Chechnya in 2007.
Ramzan Kadyrov not only had a strong armed force himself, but also became a key figure in rebuilding the political situation in Chechnya with his father's political capital.
At this point, Chechnya ushered in the "era of strongman rule".
For Putin, how to use Ramzan Kadyrov is crucial.
On the one hand, ramzan Kadyrov' political influence in Chechnya as the son of Ahmed Kadyrov is self-evident.
Only he can control the whole of Chechnya, which is the core figure for Putin's "car to car" strategy.
(Ramzan Kadyrov (gun bearer) inspecting the army)
In this regard, Ramzan Kadyrov's answer to Putin is satisfactory.
First of all, he showed one hundred percent loyalty to the Russian president, and even showed the image of a little fan of President Putin.
Putin is an absolute icon for him, and he has said that Putin is the most important thing besides religion.
His pro-Russian stance was appreciated by Putin.
Ramzan Kadyrov has also spared no effort in counter-terrorism, not only strengthening cooperation with the Russian government, but also showing absolute suppression of terrorism.
Under his leadership, the leaders of the terrorist militants in Chechnya were beheaded one after another.
It has dealt a heavy blow to the armed terrorist forces in Chechnya, causing the entire terrorist armed forces to lose their leadership and no longer have become a climate.
Second, he also reorganized the political and economic construction within Chechnya. He advocated anti-corruption activities and cracked down corruption in Chechnya.
He restructured the Chechen economic system, developed the oil trade, vigorously engaged in infrastructure, reduced unemployment and crime, and improved the living standards of the people.
These positive measures not only helped Chechnya to regain its prosperity, but also won the hearts and minds of the people and consolidated its political position.
(Chechnya rebuilt after the war)
Under the consolidation of the Kadyrov family, the situation in Chechnya is improving, and sporadic armed activities are difficult to become a climate, so how dare we take advantage of the Ukrainian crisis to backstabble Russia?
Moreover, in addition to the role of the Kadyrov family inside Chechnya, the External Russian Government also contributed greatly.
Third, the second reason for the stability of the situation in Chechnya is to promote national harmony and build a sense of national identity
In addition, in order to promote national identity and social harmony, the Government of the Russian Federation has decided to focus vigorously on education, believing that the elimination of ethnic hatred should start from the perspective of education in order to solve the problem ideologically and fundamentally.
On the one hand, the Government of the Russian Federation conducts religious education.
As a religious region, the role of religious concepts in Chechnya is of great importance to the People of Chechnya.
Even Ramzan Kadyrov himself has said that in addition to religion, Putin is the most important.
In terms of religious education, it is the policy of the Russian government to educate children in Chechnya from an early age about the correct teachings of Islam, so as not to be harmed by extremist Islamic ideas.
Later, children are also taught to establish a proper religious family view. In this way, the destruction of Islamic extremist ideas has been eliminated from the outset and has played an important role in promoting long-term peace building in Chechnya.
On the other hand, in the area of cultural knowledge, the Government's education department has made significant changes to the curriculum of various schools in Chechnya. For example, disciplines such as Russian language, Russian history, literature, art, etc. have been added.
These courses are also popular and loved by students in various schools in Chechnya.
In addition, the Government of the Russian Federation has organized the "Russian Legal Knowledge Contest" in schools, which has caused a lot of sensation and high participation.
These educational measures have greatly promoted inter-ethnic integration and a sense of national identity, and have played a major role in the reconstruction of Chechnya.
The Russian government's measures have fundamentally consolidated the "popular will" of the Chechen people.
In addition, Russia has really brought benefits to the Chechens, that is, the development of the Chechen economy.
Fourth, the third reason for the stability of the situation in Chechnya: Russia has won trust in helping Chechnya restore its economy
"The economic base determines the superstructure", as far as the Chechen war is concerned, the root cause is also due to the economic collapse of the Soviet Union. Waging war in Chechnya is also a choice that Russia has had to make.
Although the war destroyed everything in Chechnya, it fundamentally prevented the further disintegration of the Russian Federation.
The Government of the Russian Federation is also well aware that the fundamental way to restore and develop the Chechen economy is to enable the Chechen people to live a high standard of living if the Chechen problem is to be completely and fundamentally resolved.
Initially, the Government of the Russian Federation allocated substantial reconstruction funds directly for the economic reconstruction of Chechnya.
As soon as the war ended, the Government of the Russian Federation divided funds mainly for the reconstruction of basic public facilities such as hydropower systems, health structures, education systems, road construction, etc.;
Refugees who have lost their homes in the war are properly resettled and given adequate living expenses to ensure basic livelihoods.
(Direct russian appropriations to support construction in Chechnya)
In the following years, economic planning and construction at the government level were stepped up.
The Government of the Russian Federation has vigorously built up the pillar industries of Chechnya and continued to consolidate infrastructure.
In the face of Rising Unemployment in Chechnya, increasing infrastructure development in Chechnya can largely alleviate this problem.
In addition, it is well known that oil is the main industry in Chechnya. Oil alone accounts for more than ninety-seven percent of Chechnya's total industrial output.
The government of the Russian Federation therefore vigorously supports the development of the oil industry in Chechnya and has given great preferential policies.
Compared with the first decade of the 21st century, the growth potential of the Chechen oil industry in the second decade is twice that of the previous decade.
At the same time, the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Chechnya are also strengthening the simultaneous development of other industries, such as construction and agriculture.
(Petroleum Industry)
Putin also attaches great importance to this, sending Russian professional and technical personnel to assist Chechnya in building a petrochemical complex and help Chechnya "hematopoiesis".
In addition, both the Governments of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Chechnya have set their sights abroad and are actively seeking foreign investment.
On October 18, 2006, then-President Of the Chechen Republic, Arhanov, said in Moscow that Chechnya would soon receive its first international investment.
The country willing to help Chechnya is China.
At that time, China and Russia were holding the "Year of Russia".
Taking advantage of this opportunity, Chechnya introduced its first international project from China and used it as a model to be displayed on the international stage in order to attract more foreign funds into Chechnya.
Since then, while Europe and other international countries have given free financial support to Chechnya's economic reconstruction, many projects have also landed in Chechnya.
The leader of the Chechen Republic, Ramzan Kadyrov, also said personally:
"Investments by domestic and foreign companies and funds play an important role in the economic and social development of Chechnya and will contribute to the further development of the economy of the Chechen Republic."
Ramzan Kadyrov devoted himself to a major project that the Government of the Chechen Republic had successfully reached in the German talks, the agreement on the construction of several large factories in Chechnya and the expansion of a large-scale industrial park for innovative technologies.
According to him, the factory could eventually provide jobs for more than 8,000 people in Chechnya, which is undoubtedly a great positive news for Chechnya.
(Developing Chechnya)
"A group of experts from an important bank of the Russian Federation also arrived in Chechnya to work with the Government to formulate the economic development strategy of the Chechen Republic." The relevant person in charge of Chechnya said so.
Kadyrov further pointed out: "What I want to tell you is that when we started the economic recovery, the unemployment rate in Chechnya was more than 76.0%, and today it is around 9.0%. ”
epilogue:
After nearly 20 years of recovery and development, Chechnya has gradually emerged from the ruins of the war.
Today's Chechen capital, Grozny, no longer has the smoke of the past, and is still moving forward at a relatively fast pace.
The whole of Chechnya is also gradually moving towards stability and prosperity through the joint efforts of the Federal Government and the Republican Government.
First of all, politically, on the one hand, chechnya's move to independence was avoided after the Second Chechen War, which was successful;
On the other hand, the federal government's strategy of "using cars to govern vehicles" is more popular and conducive to the stability of Chechnya.
Secondly, Chechnya's economy has indeed been successful step by step after the war, comprehensive governance has also achieved good results, and the people's living standards have improved considerably, and this momentum of development should be maintained.
The "blood transfusion" and "hematopoietic" strategies adopted by the government of the Russian Federation have achieved extraordinary results, and the federal government will further increase its economic support for Chechnya.
At the same time, it provides policy support for the development of Major Industries in Chechnya, so as to develop the economy and improve the people's living standards, which is considered by international public opinion to be the fundamental way to solve the Chechen problem.
Finally, it is important to note that the ideological, cultural, educational work of the Federal Government in Chechnya in recent years is very important. There are two issues involved here, one is the issue of ethnic relations between Chechens and Russians, and the other is the problem of the breeding and development of terrorism in Chechnya.
The Federal Government is doing its best to compensate for the contradictions and conflicts between the two peoples, starting with ideology, culture and education, starting with a new generation of young Chechens, instilling in them the correct teachings of Islam and cultivating a correct sense of nationalism and cultural identity.
This is not only conducive to gradually diluting the hatred and contradictions between the two sides, but also conducive to containing and preventing the development of terrorist forces.
In general, since the outbreak of the Chechen problem, both Russians and Chechens have accumulated deeper and deeper grievances, and reconciliation between the two sides is even more impossible to talk about.
Fortunately, under the ties of President Putin, both the Chechen Republic and the Russian Federation are gradually moving towards stability and are moving towards a good end.
Chechnya is no longer what it used to be – the Chechens have become increasingly dependent on the Russian Federation and it is almost impossible to break this rare state of peace on their own.
But at the same time, we need to see the shortcomings and make greater policy adjustments to keep pace with the evolving situation.
In this way, Chechnya will be able to stay on the right track and avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, and Russia will be able to concentrate on other thorny issues.
Resources:
"Research on Russian-American Relations in the Context of the Ukrainian Crisis", Yang Zixi Diplomatic Academy
"Putin signed the presidential decree announcing the recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic" World Wide Web
"The New Prime Minister of the Republic of Chechnya, Russia Ramzan Kadyrov" Huge Peng Russian Central Asian and Eastern European Studies