Source: Xinhua News Agency Lookout Think Tank
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At the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan", first look at the Shenzhen series of reports three. The past year marked the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, and an extraordinary year. Wang Weizhong, secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, summed up the past year at the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh Municipal Party Committee, "We bear in mind the entrustment, be grateful and forge ahead, resolutely implement the decision-making and deployment of General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Party Central Committee, conscientiously implement the '1+1+9' work deployment of the provincial party committee, deeply implement the '1+10+10' work arrangement of the municipal party committee, seize the opportunity, take advantage of the momentum, overcome difficulties, really grasp the work, promote the good start of the '14th Five-Year Plan' with a new atmosphere and new responsibilities, and hand over excellent answers on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party." In the face of the intertwining and superposition of the century-old changes and the century epidemic, standing at the historical intersection of the "two hundred years", Shenzhen, as a pioneering demonstration zone of socialism with Chinese characteristics, how to seize the major historical opportunities of "double zone" construction, "double zone" superposition and "double reform" demonstration, cope with various risks and challenges, coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and promote the stable and healthy operation of economy and society, let us explore it with different perspectives.
The people's livelihood is no small matter, and the branches and leaves are always concerned. Shenzhen takes on the mission of the pilot demonstration zone, practices the people-centered development concept, concentrates on making up for the shortcomings of the development of the people's livelihood, promotes the "seven haves of the people's livelihood" to the "seven excellent people's livelihood", and creates a benchmark of people's livelihood and happiness for co-construction, co-governance and common prosperity. In the past year, Shenzhen has started from education, medical care, housing, transportation and other people's livelihood issues that the masses are most concerned about and urgent, continuously improving the level of public services and continuously improving people's livelihood and well-being. It has completed 151 key people's livelihood projects and more than 10,000 "people's livelihood micro-facts", solved a number of problems that the masses are anxious about and anxious about, and made the people's sense of gain more sufficient, the sense of happiness more sustainable, and the sense of security more secure.
Implement large-scale housing construction plans
Housing is related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Shenzhen adheres to the positioning of "housing and not speculation", and lists "the implementation of large-scale housing construction plans" and "efforts to solve prominent housing problems in large cities" in the top ten key work arrangements of the municipal government in 2021, taking into account the "quantity increase" and "quality" of housing to solve the housing problems of all types of residents, and strive to move towards livability.
"Faster construction" – greater housing supply and faster construction. Shenzhen's population density is greater than that of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, and housing supply and demand are particularly tight. How to provide more housing, retain builders in Shenzhen, and improve the happiness index of Shenzhen people, Shenzhen continues to explore and is keen on reform. In 2021, Shenzhen will supply 3.63 square kilometers of residential land, newly started housing area of 15.28 million square meters, basically complete 30 public housing projects, build and raise more than 90,000 sets of public housing, and supply 40,000 sets. According to the recently released "Shenzhen Housing Development "14th Five-Year Plan", during the period, it is planned to supply residential land of not less than 15 square kilometers, strive to reach 17.5 square kilometers, the proportion of residential land supplied each year is not less than 30% of the construction land, 350,000 sets of commercial housing are built, and 540,000 sets (rooms) of public housing are built and raised.
Changzhen Affordable Housing is the largest public housing project in Shenzhen in recent times, located in the rapidly developing Guangming District, the first phase of phoenix Yinghui City has more than 9600 sets of public rental housing, talent housing has been completed, the second phase of the Anju Mingluyuan project more than 6300 sets of affordable housing, is expected to be completed and delivered in the first half of this year.
"Orderly decline" – more rental housing options and lower costs. In the field of rental housing, Shenzhen has deepened the first batch of pilot projects for the development of the housing rental market supported by the central government, issued opinions on promoting the stable and healthy development of the housing rental market, increased the supply of rental housing through multiple channels, and taken the lead in introducing rental guidance prices and increase standards to stabilize the market rent level. In 2021, 1.063 billion yuan of subsidy funds will be issued, with a total of 1.62 billion yuan of allocated funds; the function of the rental platform will be expanded and optimized, and the number of housing listings on the platform will exceed 580,000 units (rooms). According to third-party monitoring, the rent of houses in Shenzhen last year was about 72 yuan / square meter, down 5.5% year-on-year. It is worth noting that the average monthly rent in Shenzhen in mid-2017 was 72 yuan / square meter. In other words, housing rents in Shenzhen have fallen back to the level of 4 years ago.
"Comfortable living" - better living quality, more complete supporting facilities. The old community has the advantages of large volume, wide distribution, low cost and convenient transportation, which not only carries the memory of the city, but also the "first stop" for young Shenzhen people to struggle. Under the condition of limited incremental potential, Shenzhen has worked the stock, accelerated the implementation of the transformation and upgrading plan of the old community, and increased investment in the municipal government supporting facilities, community environment, public services, etc., so that the old community can be repaired inside and outside and revitalized. In 2021, Shenzhen will start to renovate 65 old residential areas, benefiting 30,000 residents. This includes promoting the installation of elevators in existing residences. It is reported that Shenzhen has implemented 852 units and ladder pilots throughout the year, through which the improvement of the living environment and the maximization of residents' interests have been maximized.
In terms of public housing, Shenzhen innovates the construction of public housing on the superstructure of the rail depot to improve the convenience and economy of citizens' travel, and strive to achieve a higher level of work-life balance. Take the lead in applying prefabricated construction and BIM technology to improve the rationality of the layout of public housing spaces and the level of greening and intelligence, optimize public service supporting facilities synchronously, and improve the quality of living.
Strive to build a Shenzhen sample of "Healthy China"
Health is the foundation of people's livelihood. As a fast-growing megacity, Shenzhen's medical resources are "congenitally insufficient", coupled with the explosive growth of the permanent population and the extreme shortage of land resources, the pressures and challenges it faces are unprecedented. In recent years, Shenzhen has continued to increase investment in medical construction, relying on an integrated high-quality and efficient medical and health service system to provide citizens with a full range of full-cycle health management services, and strive to create a Shenzhen sample of "Healthy China".
The gathering of high-level medical resources has accelerated. "In the past, as soon as there was a serious illness, I ran to Guangzhou, and now Shenzhen also has its own high-level hospital, where you can see a serious illness at your doorstep." Mr. Li, who lives in Futian District, was inspired by his feelings. In recent years, Shenzhen has vigorously made up for the shortcomings of medical resources and promoted the accelerated landing of a number of high-quality and high-level medical resources. Last year alone, 2 provincial high-level hospitals, 7 new top-three hospitals, 2 new national clinical key specialties, and 31 newly introduced high-level medical teams were added. According to the person in charge of the Shenzhen Municipal Health Commission, the hospitalization rate of the insured in the city reached 98.1%, the proportion of patients outside the city of cancer hospitals reached 45%, the goal of "serious illness does not leave Shenzhen" was basically achieved, and the effect of the medical center in the Bay Area initially appeared.
On December 18 last year, the Southern Branch of the National Cancer Center settled in Shenzhen, relying on the Shenzhen Hospital of the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences to carry out the promotion of cancer prevention and control technology and health science popularization in South China. The hospital adopts the management mode of "one hospital and two districts", and the two hospitals in Beijing and Shenzhen fully share the medical and management resources of oncology specialties such as technology, talents and discipline construction, which will greatly improve the level of cancer prevention and treatment in Shenzhen and South China.
Make primary medical services bigger and stronger. In order to solve the problems of difficult and expensive medical treatment, Shenzhen has innovatively planned and built a high-quality and efficient integrated medical and health service system with "regional medical center + primary medical group" as the main body, and built a 15-minute medical circle. At present, Shenzhen has realized that each district has at least one regional medical center and primary medical group, and basically realized that each community has a community health service center. In the past year, there have been 60 new social welfare institutions in Shenzhen, bringing the total to 802. There were 2,024 new general practitioners, bringing the total to 7,430. The first diagnosis of 6 diseases in the community "50% discount" and the "20% discount" of the contracted family doctor have been added to the preferential medical insurance drug policy, and 71 traditional Chinese medicine treatment projects and Chinese medicine have implemented a "70% discount" for the insured social welfare. "Now it is very convenient to see a doctor, and our family goes to Shekang, which is only a few minutes' walk from home, because of the common cold, our family, told reporters in an interview.
Accelerate the construction of first-class healthy cities. Shenzhen adheres to the development concept of "great health, great health" and regards the construction of healthy Shenzhen as an important topic and main content of the construction of the national sustainable development agenda innovation demonstration zone. Formulate resident health credit rules, encourage residents to strengthen self-health management, and the signing rate of family doctor services in key groups has reached 63.93%. Carry out the first Shenzhen Health Activity Month activities, release the first "Resident Health White Paper", and actively create a healthy atmosphere. In 2021, the city completed 241,500 cases and 331,900 cases of free breast cancer and cervical cancer screening, 145,500 newborn genetic metabolic disease screening, 146,400 hearing screening, and 102,100 primary school students' fissure closure, 256,000 young children and 1,608,000 primary and secondary school students' myopia screening. Shenzhen's residents' health indicators continue to be stable at the level of advanced countries and regions in the world, and it has been rated as the first place in the five health-leading cities of the "Tsinghua City Health Index".
The annual investment in education accounts for more than 20% of the financial expenditure
Education is the country's great plan. Shenzhen's population is large, the growth rate is fast, the proportion of foreign population is high, and the age-appropriate enrollment population has been at a high growth trend. How to better meet the needs of residents for quality education not only tests the wisdom of decision-making, but also tests the mission. In the case of the slowdown in the growth rate of fiscal revenue, Shenzhen is still willing to invest heavily in the field of education, and in 2021, education expenditure will be 96.53 billion yuan, an increase of 13.5%, accounting for 21.1% of the annual fiscal expenditure.
Do everything possible to increase the supply of degrees. In order to solve the growing demand for degrees, Shenzhen has proposed a "large-scale school construction" plan, striving to add one million new degrees within 5 years and going all out to solve the problem of children's education. As the first year of the plan, 151 primary and secondary schools and kindergartens will be built in 2021, and 131,000 new basic education degrees will be added throughout the year, with more than 50% of children in public kindergartens and 87.9% of children in puhui kindergartens. In addition, Shenzhen has used nearly 60% of the degrees to meet the enrollment needs of the non-household registration age population, and has taken the lead in establishing a new model of lunch break service in the compulsory education stage to promote equality and all-round development of people.
Located in Yutang Street, Guangming District, the Affiliated Experimental Middle School of Shenzhen University is a newly built high school in the past year, with a scale of 1800 students in 36 classes, and will enroll 600 first-year students in the fall of 2021. "Watching the continuous construction of new high schools, our hearts as parents have also been quite solid," a parent of a child who is in his second year of junior high school told reporters.
"Group-run schools" promote the high-quality and balanced development of education. Shenzhen is not only satisfied with the increase in the number of degrees, but also attaches importance to providing more high-quality degrees, and promotes the "blossoming" of high-quality education with group-run schools, which has become one of the innovative measures and experience practices issued by the National Development and Reform Commission to promote Shenzhen.
Due to historical reasons, most of Shenzhen's high-quality basic education resources are concentrated in the former special zones such as Futian, Nanshan, and Luohu, while there is a serious shortage of high-quality degrees outside the original special zones. In order to promote the high-quality and balanced development of education, Shenzhen proposes to plan and build four high-standard high school parks in Shenzhen-Shantou, Pingshan, Guangming and Longgang, and adhere to the high starting point to run schools, which are run by the "four" famous schools such as Shenzhen Middle School, Shenzhen Experimental School, Shenzhen Foreign Chinese School and Shenzhen Senior High School. According to the plan, 35,100 high-quality general high school degrees will be provided after all of them are completed, and the shortage of public high school degrees in Shenzhen will be greatly alleviated.
Fully implement the "double reduction" policy. After the state promulgated the regulations on the reduction of the burden of homework and off-campus training for compulsory education students, Shenzhen timely introduced new regulations on homework burden reduction, carried out law enforcement actions to reduce the burden of off-campus training, shut down 819 off-campus training institutions in disciplines according to law, with a reduction rate of 95%, and developed 4382 online teaching resource packages to effectively reduce the burden of primary and secondary school teachers preparing lessons. Continuously improve the level of after-school services provided by students for lunch breaks and primary and secondary schools in the jurisdiction, and solve the problem of students leaving school and parents not synchronizing their time after work. The "official baby" makes the public's sense of education more sufficient and the sense of happiness stronger.
Create an example of a city with a strong transportation country
With an average commuting distance of 7.6 kilometers and an hour of 36 minutes, Shenzhen residents have the strongest sense of happiness among first-tier cities. This stems from Shenzhen's years of advanced planning for road traffic facilities, a series of nationally leading "black technology" and humanized traffic governance.
Plan the transportation network from a high starting point. Shenzhen improves and enhances the comprehensive functions of the city by optimizing the transportation system, and creates a convenient, ecologically livable urban space for citizens. Taking the Xili Comprehensive Hub as an example, as one of the "three major strategic projects" in Shenzhen, the construction progress of Xili Station at each stage has attracted much attention. Judging from the published planning renderings, the total planning scale of Xili Station is 13 sets of 25 lines, which is higher than the 11 sets of 20 lines in Shenzhen North! It will introduce the Ganzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway, the Shenzhen-Mao railway, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen second high-speed railway and the Shenzhen-Shantou and Shenzhen-Zhuhai intercity railways, connect the intercity railways such as Shenzhen-Hui and Shenzhen-Guanzeng, connect to metro lines 13, 15, 27 and 29, and connect with the surrounding urban roads to form a powerful composite urban complex, creating great convenience for citizens to travel and live.
Smart low-carbon transportation leads the country. As a super-large city with more than 17 million permanent entrances and a vehicle density of more than 500 vehicles per kilometer, Shenzhen is recognized as the "least congested" first-tier city. Behind this is the effect of Shenzhen's advanced use of big data, AI and other cutting-edge technologies to integrate various basic resources to build a strategic traffic management platform. It is reported that the city's new energy buses 16,173 units, new energy mud trucks 4,200 units, new energy logistics vehicles 81,000 vehicles, the number of ownership ranks first in the country. In addition, in view of the disorderly delivery, excessive delivery and random parking of Internet rental bicycles, Shenzhen uses Beidou high-precision positioning technology to accurately manage 400,000 Internet rental bicycles in the city, and the fixed-point parking rate has increased to 95%, which is an effective practice promoted by the Central Civilization Office to the whole country.
Transportation and people's livelihood services are full of warmth. Not only to let the vehicles run fast, but also to let the pedestrians walk steadily, Shenzhen has made great efforts in traffic governance and built a new pattern of transportation services for co-construction, co-governance and sharing. The number of international liner routes increased to 302, and the daily passenger traffic of the Shenzhen Metro network exceeded the mark of 8 million passengers for the first time. In 2021, Shenzhen optimized and adjusted 108 bus lines, and the coverage of a single rail connection reached 90.8%. There are more than 700 high-quality bus lines such as reserved buses, community microbuses, customized buses for general learning, and tourist buses. About 290,000 parking spaces were added, and the ratio of parking spaces to car ownership increased from 0.84 in 2020 to 0.90, and the parking problem continued to ease. After the WeChat public account "hand-clapping" function was launched, citizens actively complained and reported problems such as potential safety hazards in traffic facilities and inadequate management of industry services, and the situation of co-construction, co-governance and sharing expanded the new pattern of transportation services.
Increasing employment and social security highlights the temperature of the city
Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and social security is the safety net of people's livelihood. The person in charge of the Shenzhen Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau said that Shenzhen has gone all out to stabilize employment and ensure people's livelihood, and insists on improving people's livelihood and promoting social equity as the fundamental starting point and foothold for the development of social security. In the past year, Shenzhen has created 187,500 new jobs in cities and towns, the registered unemployment rate in the city has been controlled at 2.24%, and the dynamic return of zero-employment households has been zero; pensions have risen 17 consecutively, and the cumulative burden of social security has been reduced by 2.5 billion yuan.
Make every effort to do a good job in stabilizing employment. Employment is directly related to the well-being of each family. In 2021, Shenzhen will take stable employment as an important matter of people's livelihood, strengthen the employment priority policy, release the multiplier effect of entrepreneurship to drive employment, and continue to promote multi-channel flexible employment, and the scale of the city's employed population will reach 12.4926 million, exceeding the target of 170,000 new jobs. Launched the online recruitment month for college graduates, and released more than 40,000 jobs. For migrant workers, special actions such as the national private enterprise recruitment month and the 100 million online recruitment were carried out, and the number of posts released was about 410,000. Implement the dynamic monitoring of employment and unemployment in 2490 enterprises designated by the state and the province, continue to implement the unemployment benefit policy, and issue unemployment subsidies of 2.617 billion yuan throughout the year, benefiting 657,900 people. Revise the employment and entrepreneurship policy, expand the coverage of the entrepreneurship support policy, the scope and conditions of the guarantee loan for entrepreneurship are the best in the province, and issue 2.754 billion yuan of guaranteed loans for entrepreneurship throughout the year.
At the same time, Shenzhen has also optimized the support policy for youth employment and entrepreneurship in Hong Kong and Macao, issuing 5.8925 million yuan of entrepreneurship support subsidies to 475 Hong Kong and Macao personnel, and 18.13 million yuan of loans to 73 Hong Kong and Macao residents. The "Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Youth Internship Program" and the "Greater Bay Area Youth Employment Program" were implemented, and 530 Hong Kong university students came to Shenzhen to work.
Weave a tightly woven "bottom net" for people's livelihood security. The minimum standard of living security is truly related to the basic living standards of the people in need. In 2021, Shenzhen issued the "Minimum Living Security Measures", which moderately expanded the scope of the minimum living security to some people who are not registered in the city, which is the best embodiment of Shenzhen's loving and inclusive city. At the same time, Shenzhen has raised the minimum living security standard for residents to 1300 yuan per person per month, the minimum guarantee marginal identification standard to 1950 yuan per person per month, and the basic living support standard for the extremely poor people to 2080 yuan per person per month, ranking the forefront of large and medium-sized cities in the country.
Shenzhen has nearly 10 million builders in Shenzhen, in order to express its love for the builders of Shenzhen, Shenzhen has created the first special fund in China to rescue the builders of Shenzhen: looking for people in need - the Shenzhen Builders Care Fund, to provide assistance for the builders of Shenzhen in the face of sudden major diseases, and has won the China Charity Award for many times. According to the relevant person in charge of the foundation, in 2021 alone, 32.52 million yuan of subsidies will be allocated to send life-saving money to more than 1,800 builders in Shenzhen.
Coverage continues to expand. What kind of path do new business practitioners such as takeaway brothers and Didi drivers who run on the road participate in the social security system and in what form are guaranteed occupational injuries? Shenzhen gave the answer. In 2021, Shenzhen will promote the participation of 8 types of specific personnel such as employees in new formats to participate in work injury insurance, completely cancel the household registration threshold for flexible employment personnel, and realize that non-Shenzhen flexible employment personnel can participate in insurance in their personal capacity. It is reported that at present, more than 160,000 people in Shenzhen participate in the work injury insurance in the capacity of flexible employment, which not only reduces the burden of new economy enterprises, but also effectively protects the rights and interests of employees, which is a silhouette of Shenzhen's efforts to expand the coverage of social security services and firmly grasp the happiness of people's livelihood.
At the same time, the scale of insurance for Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign residents in Shenzhen continued to expand, and 47,000 people participated in the pension insurance for employees. A young Hong Kong man who participated in insurance in Shenzhen last year, Mr. Wang, praised Shenzhen's social security policy, saying that Shenzhen's social security and medical insurance policies are very good, and they can enjoy "citizen treatment" and help attract Hong Kong people to work and live in Shenzhen.
