The solar system has eight planets, other galaxies of course have their own planets, in the nearest proxima galaxies to our solar system, recently scientists have discovered the third planet there Proxima Centauri d, this planet is located in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, greatly increasing the possibility of life there.
Proxima Centauri is only 4.22 light-years away, it's a red dwarf with a mass of only 1/10th of the Sun, and such a planet is very luminous, so although this star is closest to the solar system, we can't see it directly. Proxima Centauri belongs to the South Gate two planet system, this system has three stars, namely the South Gate two ab binary star and Proxima Centauri, Liu Cixin's science fiction novel "Three-Body" depicts a system of three stars orbiting each other near the solar system, it is considered to be based on the South Gate Two Planet System, so the system is often called "three-body".
As early as 2016, the European Southern Observatory discovered the first planet of Proxima Centauri - Proxima B, the size and mass of this planet are very similar to our Earth, and also operate stably in the habitable zone of the parent star, the average orbit distance from Proxima Centauri is only about 7 million kilometers, because proxima centauri is much smaller than the sun, so its habitable zone is also relatively close to the parent star, Orbit the main star approximately every 11 days. Scientists speculate that the planet has an atmosphere and liquid water, a high probability of life, and does not rule out the possibility that they have evolved to the stage of civilization, so the existence of "Trisolarans" is not impossible.
In January 2020, the European Southern Observatory announced the discovery of Proxima Centauri's second planet, Proxima C, which is more than 6 times the mass of Earth, but is farther from the proxima centroid, not located in the habitable zone, is a large planet with a very cold surface, and it takes 5.2 years to orbit around the host star.
On February 10, 2022, Astronomy and Astrophysics published a paper by John Faria of the Portuguese Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences and colleagues in which they claimed that the third planet of Proxima Centauri was found in a stellar system observation study in Chile using Chile's Very Large Telescope, which showed that the mass of the planet was only 26% of that of Earth. About 2.25 times the mass of Mars, 4.5 times the mass of Mercury, or 20 times the mass of the Moon, it is one of the lightest exoplanets ever discovered.
Proxima Centauri d is located in an orbit 4.32 million kilometers away from the main planet Proxima Centauri and is also located in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, which is likely to have liquid water and atmospheres on it, so the possibility of life and civilization cannot be completely ruled out. It's just that red dwarfs like Proxima Centauri often have extremely strong flare explosions, making the brightness of this red dwarf increase by tens of thousands of times, so the stream of stellar wind particles and extremely strong light it ejects is very unfavorable to the survival of life on the planet, so scientists speculate that even if there is life on the two habitable planets here, it is difficult to evolve stably for a long time. But poor conditions do not mean that there must be no life above, nor does it mean that civilization cannot occur, after all, it is known that Proxima Centauri has at least two planets in the habitable zone, and the possibility of alien organisms cannot be ignored.
In Liu Cixin's novel "The Three-Body Problem", the Trisolarans who created the Trisolaran Civilization are often tortured by stellar flares, and the Trisolarans have to evolve the ability to dehydrate and dormant in order to adapt to this environment, but it is still difficult to adapt to the complex stellar environment of the Trisolaran, so they decided to leave the Trisolaran galaxy to occupy the Earth after discovering the Earth civilization.
Now that we know that there are two habitable planets around Proxima Centauri, according to Liu Cixin's science fiction thinking, some life species may really be able to survive tenaciously on these two planets, and even develop to the stage of civilization.
Resources:
"Guangming Network" February 14 article "Proxima Centauri System Discovers Third Planet"
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