The ten scenic spots of iron mountain are fragrant in the fields of flowers. Courtesy of respondents
A few days ago, initiated by the Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau in conjunction with the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, the Municipal Forestry Bureau, etc., the results of the first ten cases of ecological protection and restoration in Chongqing were released, and the forest ecological restoration of Mixiang Lake in TieshanPing, Jiangbei was selected.
Due to the convenient transportation, you can get wild fun by lifting your feet, so TieshanPing has been a must-visit attraction for citizens to get together for many years, and put forward higher requirements for the protection of the ecological environment and the development of the ecological industry.
Colorful activities make Tieshan Ping more pyrotechnic, pictured is a mountain biking activity. Courtesy of respondents
Chongqing Daily reporter learned from the Jiangbei District Park Management Center (District Tieshanping Ecological Zone Management Center) that through the three tasks of ecological protection, ecological restoration and ecological improvement, the Tieshanping Scenic Area has achieved a forest coverage rate of more than 90%, obvious biodiversity results, more than 800 species of animals and plants, and an annual number of tourists of nearly 2 million, handing over a bright "green answer sheet".
Ecological protection: relocation of people to the land to protect the ecology
There were originally more than 1,000 villagers in the Tieshanping Scenic Area, and their production and living activities inevitably had a certain impact on the forest ecology.
Duan Huizheng, a 64-year-old villager, originally lived in the Agricultural Science Society of Tieshan Village (now Tieshan Community), and his family had two acres of land planted with grain. However, at that time, due to the inconvenience of transportation on the mountain, even if the grain harvest was good, transportation was still a difficult problem. Therefore, grain has never been the main source of income for the old Duan family, but four or five pigs and dozens of chickens fed.
"Does the manure produced by livestock and poultry have an impact on the environment?"
"To say that there is no such thing is a lie, after all, even the toilet was not changed at that time, although most of the manure was used in the family to make farm manure, but it was inevitable that there would be spills and drips." Old Duan confessed.
Manure is one, domestic sewage is the second - due to the imperfect pipes, the family's sewage and garbage such as eating, drinking, and lasa are occasionally discharged into the forest, which has a certain impact on the environment. In addition, the main energy source of each household is firewood, which also increases the risk of forest fires.
According to one study, a family of three living in a forested area cuts down about 7,500 kilograms of firewood per year, which is very bad for the environment. As the "lung lobe" of the main city, Tieshanping bears important ecological functions, so only by moving the masses out can we reduce the regional population capacity, reduce the pressure of ecological and environmental functions, and fundamentally restore and improve ecological functions.
"Therefore, we have long made plans and arrangements for this, and we properly moved the villagers out more than 10 years ago and concentrated on the Rosin Cuilin Community." Ma Guocai, director of the Jiangbei District Park Management Center (District Tieshanping Ecological Zone Management Center), said that after the relocation, they demolished their farmhouses and returned the cultivated land to the forest, so that the forest could rest and recuperate.
"Moving to the community is pretty good, fitness equipment, trails, everything." Duan Huizheng laughed and said, "I also worked as a sanitation worker in the Tieshanping Scenic Area for several years, and my monthly salary is 1800 yuan, which is not much better than growing grain in the past?"
Ecological restoration: biodiversity becomes the key word
People retreat into the forest, and the gap vacated lays the foundation for ecological restoration.
Tieshanping has been a primeval forest area since ancient times, and it was cut down from the beginning of the Republic of China period to the early 1960s. In 1978, Tieshanping implemented the closure of mountains for afforestation, aircraft sowing, large-scale afforestation, and the implementation of the forest management and protection responsibility system, so that the forest can be restored and developed.
However, the flying broadcast also makes the forest phase of Tieshan Ping Forest Park relatively single, and for a long time, Masson pine occupies an absolute position, which is not conducive to forest fire prevention, nor is it conducive to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.
"Therefore, one of the things we have been doing over the years is to transform the forest phase and strengthen the conservation and upgrading of biodiversity." Ma Guocai told reporters that through efforts, the pure forest of Pinus massoniana, which was originally a fire and serious hidden dangers of diseases and insect pests, has gradually evolved into a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem with "reasonable structure, stable system, complete functions and increasing benefits". More than 500,000 high-quality trees of more than ten kinds, such as camphor, nanmu, wood lotus, and hanxiao, have been implanted in the forest, improving biodiversity. The introduction of various flowers and trees has not only greatly increased the forest coverage rate of Tieshan Ping, but also gradually turned it into a colorful forest in all seasons.
Colorful activities make Tieshan Ping more pyrotechnic, and the picture shows the 10,000-person mountaineering activity held this year. Courtesy of respondents
For example, the Mixiang Lake area, which was selected as one of the city's first top ten cases of ecological protection and restoration, was originally an area with a relatively concentrated distribution of coniferous forests in the Tieshanping Ecological Zone, which is a masson pine forest. Through forest phase transformation, more than 1,000 trees, more than 100,000 ground cover plants, and more than 2 million rhododendrons were planted, which effectively improved the ecological functions of forest conservation, soil conservation, fire prevention and insect prevention, and biological diversity, while taking into account the improvement of forest landscape quality.
The changes in the forest are most experienced by those who are in it. Jia Yunjin, 47, has been working as a ranger in the scenic spot for more than 10 years, managing more than 100,000 square meters of forest alone. He sighed: "In the past, the forest was indeed dominated by masson pine, but in recent years we have been replanting and replanting, the trees are mainly planted with yellow oak orchid and red leaf plum, and the ground cover is dominated by red leaf heather, Buddha top laurel, golden leaf elm, and hairy crane, which greatly enriches the level of the plant landscape." ”
This time is the off-season of forest tourism, but Jia Yunjin's is not idle, early in the morning of the 19th, he carried a small hoe, saw, scissors and other tools into the mountain, in the forest area he patrolled to loosen the soil, fertilize, replant, "Immediately it is frost, it is a good time to plant trees, where can I stop?"
The latest data show that through ecological restoration, the forest coverage rate of Tieshanping has increased from the original 80% to more than 90%, with 677 species of various plants and 134 species of animals, and biodiversity has been significantly improved.
Ecological industry: turn evergreen trees into cash cows
The ornamentality of the forest has been enhanced, coupled with the continuous improvement of traffic, TieshanPing has naturally become a popular "punch card" for many citizens to relax and vacation, tourism and sightseeing.
On the morning of October 20, breathing the fresh air after the rain, Ye Xianlu, a citizen who lives in Guojiatuo Street in Jiangbei District, rode a small electric donkey to the top of the Iron Mountain. "The air on the mountain is good, there are many tricks, enjoying the flowers, watching the river, walking on the trail, and half a day down without heavy samples." He said that since he retired for more than two years, as long as it does not rain, he has to go up the mountain for a walk almost every morning, passing the time and exercising, killing two birds with one stone.
The ruins of the Ten Scenic Spots of Iron Mountain. Courtesy of respondents
Xiong Guangrong, the old companion of the black pine forest pepper chicken who has opened a farm on the mountain for more than 20 years, has personally felt the changes in the iron mountain, "In the past, it was an asphalt road up the mountain, and there was no sprinkling of seeds to look at, and many attractions have been developed over the years, and more and more people have come to play." Xiong Guangrong took his own farm as an example, this year's National Day reception volume is the highest, about 150 tables, and now although it is past the tourist season, there are still more than 100 people per working day, and there are 400 or 500 people on weekends.
"Protecting the ecological environment is to protect the productive forces, improving the ecological environment is to develop the productive forces, and green development can also play a role in protecting the environment." Ma Guocai believes that after reaching a consensus on this point, the park management center has carefully created ten scenic spots of Iron Mountain and 4 characteristic trails, each with its own characteristics. Among them, the central line surrounds the mountain for three-dimensional viewing, the western line strolls to taste the forest fun, and the eastern line is slightly steep, and the top can be climbed to the top to overlook the gorge river; The six boutique tourism routes integrate the three characteristic resources of fitness, scenic appreciation and humanities.
At the same time, the forest culture, ecological culture, leisure culture, industrial culture organically combined, on the basis of continuing the tieshanping new year ascent, flower viewing, tieshanping forest half marathon and other traditional activities, combined with hot planning such as lawn music festivals, forest concerts, mountain goods markets, parent-child games, etc., to develop new tourism formats such as night tour "Tieshanping", so that everyone can share the ecological iron mountain.
"In the next step, we will also accelerate the construction of the Tongluoxia Hot Spring Valley project, build a comprehensive base that integrates a variety of forest luxuries, outward training, jungle leaping, etc., and add a number of amusement facilities and convenience facilities." Ma Guocai finally said, "In short, TieshanPing must have both ecological beauty and fireworks. ”