Mosin–Nagant M1891 Dragoon
During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, Turkish troops armed with Winchester repeating rifles inflicted extremely heavy casualties on Russian troops armed with Berdan single-shot rifles. This situation prompted Russian Tsar Alexander and the Russian Ministry of Defense to resolve to upgrade the standard weapons of the Russian army.
In 1889, Captain Sergei I. Ivanovich. Mosin (Sergei Ivanovich Mosin , Серге́й Ива́нович Мо́син) proposed a 3-line rifle rifle; Belgian designer and manufacturer of light weapons Leon. Léon Nagant also offered his 3.5-line rifle program. "line" was a unit of length at the time, equal to one-tenth of an inch, or 2.54mm; 3line was 7.62mm. After review and testing, Captain Mossin's plan was finally selected, but some details such as the magazine were designed by Nagant. Later Leon. Nagant also filed a patent lawsuit.
Sergei Ivanovich Mosin
The Mosin Nagant 1891 rifle was originally designated the M1891 3-line rifle Model in Russia; after 1924 the Former Soviet Union called it the Mosin Rifle; and in other countries it was customarily called the Mosin-Nagant rifle.
The Mosin-Nagant M1891 rifle uses a rotating pull-back bolt, weighs 4 kg, has a length of 1232 mm, and a 7.62x54 mm R, 5 rounds of magazine feeding, effective range of 500 meters. The gun is one of the largest and longest-serving military rifles in the world, with a total production of 37 million units between 1891 and 1973.
The first large-scale use of the Mosin-Nagant rifle was during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, when about 1.5 million Mosin Nagant rifles were used by the Russian army.
During World War I, due to insufficient domestic industrial production capacity, Russia also ordered Mosin Nagant rifles in large quantities from the Westinghouse Company and The Remington Company in the United States, delivering about 470,000 pieces. But the Russian government had not yet paid at that time, when the October Revolution broke out and Vladimir Vladimir. The Bolshevik government, led by Comrade Lenin, of course, will not pay back the reactionary regime of the former Tsarist Russia. This change nearly led to the bankruptcy of Westinghouse and Remington.
The Mosin-Nagant rifle entered China in large numbers as early as the Beiyang warlord period, and the troops of the Feng warlord Zhang Zuolin and the direct warlord Feng Yuxiang were equipped with a large amount. Because of the unique sound of the Mosin-Nagant rifle when shooting, the simple Chinese people also gave the gun a nice nickname called "Water Pearl".
In 1924, with the support of the Soviet Union, the Whampoa Military Academy was established in Guangzhou, and the Soviet Union provided eight thousand Mosin-Nagant rifles and four million rounds of ammunition.
The Mosin Nagant rifle has been improved many times over the course of his long career to produce many variants. During World War II, millions of Mosin Nagant rifles were used. In 1932, the Mosin Nagant 1891/30 rifle was begun to be modified as a sniper rifle, which was later heavily used in urban warfare on the Eastern Front.
For example, in the Battle of Stalingrad, the sniper Vasily Zaytsev used the Mosin Nagant rifle to snipe more than 200 German officers and soldiers and became famous in the first world war, and his deeds were also filmed in the city.
Zaitsev in December 1942
In 1945, on the eve of the end of World War II, the Former Soviet Union introduced the SKS semi-automatic rifle, ending the service history of the Mosin-Nagant rifle in the Soviet Army. But a large number of surplus Mosin-Nagant rifles were provided to many other countries as military aid by the former Soviet Union. For example, we are all very familiar with the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Afghan War.
According to reports, in 1953 Chinese Soldier Zhang Taofang, using the Mosin Nagan rifle, consumed 442 rounds of ammunition in 32 days in Shangganling, killing 214 enemies, and was awarded the "Second-Class Sniper Hero" by the Volunteer Army Headquarters and the "First-Class National Flag Medal" by the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK.
Zhang Taofang
At present, in the North American folk collection, shooting and hunting markets still see a large number of various Mosin-Nagant rifles.